Half-context language models

Computational Linguistics

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 843-865

  Schütze, Hinrich ^a   Walsh, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 82255182058     PISSN: 08912017     EISSN: 15309312     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/COLI_a_00078     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Abdoos, Monireh and Seyed Gholamreza Jalali Naeini. 2008. Word categorization using clustering ensemble. In Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, pages 662-666, Washington, DC.
2. Bahrani, Mohammad, Hossein Sameti, Nazila Hafezi, and Saeedeh Momtazi. 2008. A new word clustering method for building n-gram language models in continuous speech recognition systems. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems: New Frontiers in Applied Artificial Intelligence, IEA/AIE '08, pages 286-293, Berlin.
3. Bai, Shuanghu, Haizhou Li, Zhiwei Lin, and Baosheng Yuan. 1998. Building class-based language models with contextual statistics. In Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 1998. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on, volume 1, pages 173-176, Seattle,WA.
4. Bassiou, Nikoletta and Constantine Kotropoulos. 2011. Long distance bigram models applied to word clustering. Pattern Recognition, 44:145-158.
5. Bengio, Yoshua, Réjean Ducharme, Pascal Vincent, and Christian Jauvin. 2003. A neural probabilistic language model. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3:1137-1155.
6. Brown, Peter F., Vincent J. Della Pietra, Peter V. de Souza, Jennifer C. Lai, and Robert L. Mercer. 1992. Class-based n-gram models of natural language. Computational Linguistics, 18(4):467-479.
7. Chen, Stanley F. and Joshua Goodman. 1998. An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling. Technical report TR-10-98, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
8. Dagan, Ido, Lillian Lee, and Fernando Pereira. 1999. Similarity-based models of cooccurrence probabilities. Machine Learning, 34(1-3):43-69.
9. Emami, Ahmad and Fred Jelinek. 2005. Random clustering for language modeling. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pages I:581-584, Philadelphia, PA.
10. Essen, Ute and Volker Steinbiss. 1992. Cooccurrence smoothing for stochastic language modeling. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pages I:161-164, San Francisco, CA.
11. Gao, Jianfeng, Joshua T. Goodman, Guihong Cao, and Hang Li. 2002. Exploring asymmetric clustering for statistical language modeling. In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL '02, pages 183-190, Morristown, NJ.
12. Hall, Keith and Mark Johnson. 2003. Language modelling using efficient best-first bottom-up parsing. In Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU), pages 507-512, St. Thomas.
13. Hintzman, Douglas L. 1986. 'Schema abstraction' in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review, 93:328-338.
14. Justo, Raquel and M. Inés Torres. 2009. Phrase classes in two-level language models for ASR. Pattern Analysis & Applications, 12(4):427-437.
15. Kneser, Reinhard and Hermann Ney. 1993. Improved clustering techniques for class-based statistical language modelling. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, pages 973-976, Berlin.
16. Martin, Sven, Jörg Liermann, and Hermann Ney. 1998. Algorithms for bigram and trigram word clustering. Speech Communication, 24:19-37.
17. Momtazi, Saeedeh, Sanjeev Khudanpur, and Dietrich Klakow. 2010. A comparative study of word co-occurrence for term clustering in language model-based sentence retrieval. In Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, HLT '10, pages 325-328, Morristown, NJ.
18. Momtazi, Saeedeh and Dietrich Klakow. 2009. A word clustering approach for language model-based sentence retrieval in question answering systems. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM), pages 1911-1914, Hong Kong.
19. Ney, Hermann, Ute Essen, and Reinhard Kneser. 1994. On structuring probabilistic dependencies in stochastic language modelling. Computer Speech and Language, 8:1-28.
20. Nosofsky, Robert M. 1986. Attention, similarity, and the identificationcategorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115(1):39-57.
21. Pierrehumbert, Janet B. 2001. Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast. In J. Bybee and P. Hopper, editors, Frequency Effects and the Emergence of Lexical Structure. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pages 137-157.
22. Schmid, Helmut. 1994. Probabilistic part-of-speech tagging using decision trees. In Proceedings of Conference on New Methods in Language Processing, pages 44-49, Manchester.
23. Schütze, Hinrich. 1993. Distributed syntactic representations with an application to part-of-speech tagging. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, pages 1504-1509, San Francisco, CA.
24. Schütze, Hinrich. 1995. Distributional part-of-speech tagging. In Proceedings of the 7th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 141-148, Belfield.
25. Schütze, Hinrich and Michael Walsh. 2008. A graph-theoretic model of lexical syntactic acquisition. In Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 917-926, Honolulu, HI.
26. Schwenk, Holger and Philipp Koehn. 2008. Large and diverse language models for statistical machine translation. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pages 661-666, Hyderabad.
27. Steinbach, Michael, George Karypis, and Vipin Kumar. 2000. A comparison of document clustering techniques. Paper presented at theWorkshop on Text Mining, Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Boston, MA.
28. Stolcke, Andreas. 2002. Srilm-an extensible language modeling toolkit. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), pages 901-904, Denver, CO.
29. Uszkoreit, Jakob and Thorsten Brants. 2008. Distributed word clustering for large scale class-based language modeling in machine translation. In Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), pages 755-762, Columbus, OH.
30. Wiegand, Michael and Dietrich Klakow. 2008. Optimizing language models for polarity classification. In Proceedings of the IR Research, 30th European Conference on Advances in Information Retrieval, ECIR'08, pages 612-616, Berlin.
31. Zitouni, Imed. 2007. Backoff hierarchical class n-gram language models: Effectiveness to model unseen events in speech recognition. Journal of Computer Speech and Language, 21(1):88-104.
32. Zitouni, Imed and Qiru Zhou. 2007. Linearly interpolated hierarchical n-gram language models for speech recognition engines. In Michael Grimm and Kristian Kroschel, editors, Robust Speech Recognition and Understanding. InTech, Vienna, pages 301-318.
33. Zitouni, Imed and Qiru Zhou. 2008. Hierarchical linear discounting class n-gram language models: A multilevel class hierarchy approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pages 4917-4920, Las Vegas, NV