Exploring the dynamics of migration to mega-delta cities in Asia and Africa: Contemporary drivers and future scenarios

Global Environmental Change

Volumn 21, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2011, Pages

  Seto, Karen C ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate change; Drivers of migration; Economic reforms; Globalization; Rural urban migration; Sea level rise; Urban growth; Urbanization

Indexed keywords

CAPITAL FLOW; DELTA; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ECONOMIC REFORM; FUTURE PROSPECT; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; INCENTIVE; INNOVATION; INVESTMENT; LABOR MIGRATION; MANUFACTURING; MEGACITY; RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SKILLED LABOR; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; URBAN GROWTH; URBANIZATION;

AFRICA; ASIA;

EID: 82255162578     PISSN: 09593780     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.08.005     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Achanfuo-Yeboah D. Grounding a Theory of African Migration in Recent Data on Ghana. International Sociology 1993, 8(2):215-226.
2. ADB Migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Background Paper for the Fourth Greater Mekong Subregion Development Dialogue 2009, Asian Development Bank, Philippines.
3. ADBG Egypt: Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Programme 2000, African Development Bank Group, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
4. Adebayo A. Population redistribution in Nigeria. International Demographics 1984, 3:9-10.
5. Adepoju A. Emigration dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Migration 1995, 33:315-390.
6. Ades A.F., Glaeser E.L. Trade and circuses-explaining urban giants. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1995, 110:195-227.
7. Afsar R. Rural-urban migration and development: evidence from Bangladesh. Migration, Urbanization, and Development: New Directions and Issues 1998, 319-356. Springer, Dordrecht. R.E. Bilsborrow (Ed.).
8. Akor R.I., Mou D. Capitalist development and internal migration in Nigeria. Scandinavian Journal of Development Alternatives 1986, 5(4):5-24.
9. Allison M.A. Historical changes in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta front. Journal of Coastal Research 1998, 14:1269-1275.
10. Ankerl G.G. Migration from rural to urban habitat in Tropical Africa (1970-2000). Mondes En Developpement 1982, 10:511-533.
11. Arif G.M., Hamid S. Urbanization, city growth and quality of life in Pakistan. European Journal of Social Sciences 2009, 10:196-215.
12. Arimah B.C., Adeagbo D. Compliance with urban development and planning regulations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Habitat International 2000, 24:279-294.
13. Attia A.A., Ctbuh C. Cities spanning the millennia: Cairio/Alexandria-Policies for directing urban growth in greater Cairo region: A critical analysis 2001, Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc., New York.
14. Azman-Saini W.N.W., Baharumshah A.Z., Law S.H. Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and economic growth: international evidence. Economic Modelling 2010, 27:1079-1089.
15. Balasubramanyam V.N., Salisu M., Sapsford D. Foreign direct investment and growth in EP and IS countries. Economic Journal 1996, 106:92-105.
16. Becker R.H., Sultan M. Land subsidence in the Nile Delta: inferences from radar interferometry. The Holocene 2009, 19:949-954.
17. Bengoa M., Sanchez-Robles B. Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and growth: new evidence from Latin America. European Journal of Political Economy 2003, 19:529-545.
18. Beresford M. Economic transition, uneven development, and the impact of reform on regional inequality. Postwar Vietnam: Dynamics of a Transforming Society 2003, 55-80. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Oxford. H.V. Luong (Ed.).
19. Berthélemy J.-C., Démurger S. Foreign direct investment and economic growth: theory and application to China. Review of Development Economics 2000, 4:140-155.
20. Bohannon J. The Nile Delta's Sinking Future. Science 2010, 327:1444-1447.
21. Borensztein E., Gregorio J.D., Lee J.-W. How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?. Journal of International Economics 1998, 45:115-135.
22. Borjas G.J. The economics of immigration. Journal of Economic Literature 1994, 32:1667-1717.
23. Brown T.A., Jones M.K., Powell W., Allaby R.G. The complex origins of domesticated crops in the Fertile Crescent. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2008, 24:103-109.
24. Budd J.W. Mind maps as classroom exercises. The Journal of Economic Education 2004, 35:35-46.
25. Bunbongkarn S. Thailand's successful reforms. Journal of Democracy 1999, 10:54-68.
26. Byrd W., Gelb A. Township, Village, and Private Industry in China's Economic Reform 1990, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
27. Chan K.W. The global financial crisis and migrant workers in China: there is no future as a labourer; returning to the village has no meaning. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2010, 34:659-677.
28. Chen X. A tale of two regions in China: rapid economic development and slow industrial upgrading in the Pearl River and Yangtze River deltas. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 2007, 48:167-201.
29. Chen C., Chang L., Zhang Y. The role of Foreign Direct Investment in China's Post-1978 economic development. World Development 1995, 23:691-703.
30. Coleman J.M., Oscar K., Huh Major World Deltas: A Perspective from Space 2003, Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University.
31. Collier P., Dollar D.R. Globalization, Growth, and Poverty: Building an Inclusive World Economy 2001, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
32. Cook P., Minogue M. Economic reform and political change in Myanmar (Burma). World Development 1993, 21:1151-1161.
33. Dang A., Goldstein S., McNally J. Internal migration and development in Vietnam. International Migration Review 1997, 31:312-337.
34. Davin D. Internal Migration in Contemporary China 1999, St. Martin's Press, New York.
35. De Jong G.F. Expectations, gender, and norms in migration decision-making. Population Studies: A Journal of Demography 2000, 54:307-319.
36. deMello L.R. Foreign direct investment in developing countries and growth: a selective survey. Journal of Development Studies 1997, 34:1-34.
37. Dollar D. The transformation of Vietnam's economy: sustaining growth in the 21st century. Market Reform in Vietnam: Building Institutions for Development 1999, 31-46. Quorum Books, Westport, CT, USA. J.I. Litvack, D.A. Rondinelli (Eds.).
38. Echols S.P., Nassar H.F. Canals and lakes of Cairo: influence of traditional water system on the development of urban form. Urban Design International 2006, 11:203-212.
39. El-Hinnawi E. Environmental Refugees 1985, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
40. Energy Information Association, 2010. International Energy Outlook 2010.
41. Fajana S. The Nigerian informal economy; instigating decent work and pay, and national development through unionisation. Employee Relations 2008, 30:372.
42. Fan C. The transitional state, rural-urban migration and gender division of labor in China. Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2003, 27:24-47.
43. Forbes D. Socio-economic change and the planning of Hanoi. Built Environment 2001, 27:68-84.
44. Fujita K., Meino F., Okamoto I. The Economic Transition in Myanmar After 1988: Market Economy Versus State Control 2009, NUS Press, Singapore.
45. Gar-on Yeh A., Wu F. The transformation of the urban planning system in China from a centrally-planned to transitional economy. Progress in Planning 1999, 51:167-252.
46. Glassman J., Sneddon C. Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen as growth poles: regional industrial development in Thailand and its implications for urban sustainability. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2003, 590:93-115.
47. Gordon F.D.J., Richter K., Isarabhakdi P. Gender, values, and intentions to move in rural Thailand. International Migration Review 1996, 30:748-770.
48. Harris J.R., Todaro M.P. Migration, unemployment and development: a two-sector analysis. The American Economic Review 1970, 60:126-142.
49. Hasan A. Migration, small towns and social transformations in Pakistan. Environment and Urbanization 2010, 22:33-50.
50. Hedley P.J, Bird M.I., Robinson R.A.J. Evolution of the Irrawaddy delta region since 1850. Geographical Journal 2010, 176:138-149.
51. Henderson J.V. Urbanization in a developing country: city size and population composition. Journal of Development Economics 1986, 22(2):269-293.
52. Homer-Dixon T.F. Environment, Scarcity, and Violence 2001, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
53. Hu Y.F., Ban Y.F., Zhang Q.A., Zhang Q., Liu J.Y., Ieee The Trajectory of Urbanization Process in the Yangtze River Delta During 1990 to 2005 2009, Ieee, New York.
54. Huang S.S., Tu J., Liu H.Y., Hua M., Liao Q.L., Feng J.S., Weng Z.H., Huang G.M. Multivariate analysis of trace element concentrations in atmospheric deposition in the Yangtze River Delta, East China. Atmospheric Environment 2009, 43:5781-5790.
55. Ikelegbe A. The economy of conflict in the oil rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. African and Asian Studies 2006, 5:23-56.
56. India Brand Equity Foundation, 2011. Indian Economy Overview, July 2011.
57. IPCC Summary for policymakers. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University Press, New York. S. Solomon, D.Q.M. Manning, M. Marquis, K. Averyt, M.M.B. Tignor, H.L. Miller, Z. Chen (Eds.).
58. IUCN, 2003. Indus Delta, Pakistan: Economic costs of reduction in freshwater flows.
59. Jampaklay A., Korinek K., Entwisle B. Residential clustering among Nang Rong migrants in urban settings of Thailand. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 2007, 16:485-510.
60. Johnnie P.B. Rural-urban migration in Nigeria: consequences on housing, health-care and employment. Migration World Magazine 1988, 16:22-29.
61. Khalil G.M. Cyclones and storm surges in Bangladesh: some mitigative measures. Natural Hazards 1992, 6:11-24.
62. Khan A.H., Shehnaz L. Determinants of internal migration in Pakistan: evidence from the labour force survey, 199697. Pakistan Development Review 2000, 39:695-712.
63. Korinek K., Entwisle B., Jampaklay A. Through thick and thin: layers of social ties and urban settlement among Thai migrants. American Sociological Review 2005, 70:779-800.
64. Kuhn R. Identities in motion: Social exchange networks and rural-urban migration in Bangladesh. Contributions to Indian Sociology 2003, 37:311-337.
65. Lacey L. Interurban movements and repeat migration in Nigeria-implications for a national urbanization policy population index 1984, 50. pp. 388-388.
66. Leaf M. A tale of two villages-globalization and peri-urban change in China and Vietnam. Cities 2002, 19:23-31.
67. Lein H. Hazards and 'forced' migration in Bangladesh. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 2000, 54:122-127.
68. Lin J.Y. The household responsibility system in China's agricultural reform: a theoretical and empirical study. Economic Development and Cultural Change 1988, 36:199-224.
69. Lin G. Peri-urbanism in globalizing China: a study of new urbanism in Dongguan. Eurasian Geography and Economics 2006, 47:28-53.
70. Lin, J.Y., Cai, F., Li, Z., 1994. China's economic reforms: pointers for other economies in transition? World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 1310, Washington, D.C.
71. Lischer S.K. Security and displacement in Iraq: responding to the forced migration crisis. International Security 2008, 33:95-119.
72. London B. Ecological and political-economic analyses of migration to a primate city: Bangkok, Thailand ca. 1970. Urban Affairs Review 1986, 21:501-526.
73. Mabogunje A.L. Urban planning and the post-colonial state in Africa: a research overview. African Studies Review 1990, 33:121-203.
74. Mahmud W., Ahmed S., Mahajan S. Economic Reforms, Growth and Governance: The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladesh's Development Surprise 2008, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, Washington, D.C.
75. Mai P.H. FDI and Development in Vietnam: Policy Implications 2004, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore.
76. Makinwaadebusoye P.K. Women migrants in Nigeria. International Sociology 1994, 9(2):223-236.
77. Mathur O.P. Impact of globalization on cities and city-related policies in India. Globalization and Urban Development 2005, 43-58. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. H.W. Richardson, C.H.C. Bae (Eds.).
78. McCormick B., Wahba J. Why do the young and educated in LDCs concentrate in large cities? Evidence from migration data. Economica 2005, 72:39-67.
79. Mikhailov V.N., Nikitina O.I. Hydrological and morphological processes in the Chao Phraya Mouth Area (Thailand) and their anthropogenic changes. Water Resources 2009, 36:613-624.
80. Mon M. Burmese labour migration into Thailand: governance of migration and labour rights. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 2010, 15:33-44.
81. Myers N. Environmental refugees in a globally warmed world Bioscience 1993, 43:752-761.
82. Nagaraj R. Foreign direct investment in India in the 1990s: trends and issues. Economic and Political Weekly 2003, 38:1701-1712.
83. NDDC, 2003. Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan.
84. Nicholls R.J., Cazenave A. Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones. Science 2010, 328:1517-1520.
85. Nicholls, R.J., Goodbred, S.L., 2004. Towards Integrated Assessment of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Asian Marine Geology, and 1st Annual Meeting of IGCP475 DeltaMAP and APN Mega-Deltas.
86. Nicholls R.J., Hanson S., Herweijer C., Patmore N., Hallegatte S., Corfee-Morlot J., Chateau J., Muir-Wood R. Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate Extremes 2008, OECD, Paris.
87. Noorbakhsh F., Paloni A., Youssef A. Human capital and FDI inflows to developing countries: new empirical evidence. World Development 2001, 29:1593-1610.
88. Oda H. Dynamics of internal and international migration in rural Pakistan. Asian Population Studies 2007, 3:169-179.
89. Okonjo-Iweala N., Osafo-Kwaako P. Nigeria's Economic Reforms: Progress and Challenges 2007, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.
90. Okpala D.C.I. Urban planning and the control of urban physical growth in Nigeria: A critique of public impact and private roles. Habitat International 1984, 8:73-94.
91. Okpala A.O. Nigerian population growth and its implications for economic development. Scandinavian Journal of Development Alternatives 1990, 9:63-77.
92. Okpara E.E. Rural-urban migration and urban employment opportunities in Nigeria. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 1986, 11:67-74.
93. Olayiwola K., Okodua H. Foreign direct investment, non-oil exports, and economic growth in Nigeria: a causality analysis. 14th Annual Conference on Econometric Modelling for Africa 2009.
94. Omofonmwan S.I., Odia L.O. Oil exploitation and conflict in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology 2009, 26:25-30.
95. Oo N.W. Present state and problems of mangrove management in Myanmar. Trees-Structure and Function 2002, 16:218-223.
96. Osuji L.C., Erondu E.S., Ogali R.E. Upstream petroleum degradation of mangroves and intertidal shores: the Niger Delta experience. Chemistry and Biodiversity 2010, 7:116-128.
97. Panagariya A. India's Economic Reforms: What has been Accomplished? What Remains to be Done? 2002, Asian Development Bank, Manila.
98. Pfeffer W.T., Harper J.T., O'Neel S. Kinematic constraints on glacier contributions to 21st century sea-level rise. Science 2008, 321:1340-1343.
99. Pham B.N., Hill P.S. The role of temporary migration in rural household economic strategy in a transitional period for the economy of Vietnam. Asian Population Studies 2008, 4(1):57-75.
100. Phien-wej N., Giao P.H., Nutalaya P. Land subsidence in Bangkok, Thailand. Engineering Geology 2006, 82:187-201.
101. Pingali P.L., Xuan V.-T. Vietnam: decollectivization and rice productivity growth. Economic Development and Cultural Change 1992, 40:697-718.
102. Quang N., Detlef Kammeier H. Changes in the political economy of Vietnam and their impacts on the built environment of Hanoi. Cities 2002, 19:373-388.
103. Quertamp F. La périurbanisation de Hanoi. Dynamiques de la transition urbaine vietnamienne et métropolisation. Annales de Géographie 2010, 1(671-672):93-119.
104. Reuveny R. Climate change-induced migration and violent conflict. Political Geography 2007, 26:656-673.
105. Roberts K.D. The determinants of job choice by rural labor migrants in Shanghai. China Economic Review 2001, 12:15-39.
106. Rogaly B., Coppard D., Rana K., Rafique A., Sengupta A., Biswas J. Seasonal migration, employer-worker interactions, and shifting ethnic identities in contemporary West Bengal. Contributions to Indian Sociology 2003, 37:281-310.
107. Roy A. Why India cannot plan its cities: informality, insurgence and the idiom of urbanization. Planning Theory 2009, 8:76-87.
108. Royal Irrigation Department Thailand Flood Mitigation Management in Urban Areas. Expert Group Meeting on Innovative Strategies Towards Flood Resilient Cities in Asia-Pacific 2009.
109. Scott, D.A., 1989. A Directory of Asian Wetlands.
110. Seto K.C. Economies, societies, and landscapes in transition: examples from the Pearl River Delta, China and the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Population, Land Use, Environment: Research Directions 2005, 193-218. NRC Press, Washington, D.C. B. Entwisle, P. Stern (Eds.).
111. Seto K.C., Kaufmann R.K. Modeling the drivers of urban land use change in the Pearl River Delta, China: integrating remote sensing with socioeconomic data. Land Economics 2003, 79:106-121.
112. Seto K.C., Fragkias M., Güneralp B., Reilly M.K. A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. Plos ONE 2011, 6(8):e23777.
113. Seto K.C., Sanchez-Rodriguez R., Fragkias M. The new geography of contemporary urbanization and the environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 2010, 35:167-194.
114. Sirkeci I. War in Iraq: environment of insecurity and international migration. International Migration 2005, 43:197-214.
115. Sit V.F.S., Yang C. Foreign-investment-induced exo-urbanisation in the Pearl River Delta, China. Urban Studies 1997, 34:647-677.
116. South, A., 2007. Displacement and Dispossession: Forced Migration and Land Rights in Burma, COHRE Country Report, Geneva, Switzerland.
117. Stanley D.J., Warne A.G. Nile Delta in its destruction phase. Journal of Coastal Research 1998, 14:794-825.
118. Stark O., Bloom D.E. The new economics of labor migration. The American Economic Review 1985, 75:173-178.
119. Stewart D.J. Cities in the desert: the Egyptian new-town program. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1996, 86:459-480.
120. Sun H.S., Parikh A. Exports, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and regional economic growth in China. Regional Studies 2001, 35:187-196.
121. Syvitski J.P.M. Deltas at risk. Sustainability Science 2008, 3:23-32.
122. Syvitski J.P.M., Saito Y. Morphodynamics of deltas under the influence of humans. Global and Planetary Change 2007, 57:261-282.
123. Syvitski J.P.M., Kettner A.J., Overeem I., Hutton E.W.H., Hannon M.T., Brakenridge G.R., Day J., Vorosmarty C., Saito Y., Giosan L., Nicholls R.J. Sinking deltas due to human activities. Nature Geoscience 2009, 2:681-686.
124. Tacoli C., Mabala R. Exploring mobility and migration in the context of rural-urban linkages: why gender and generation matter. Environment and Urbanization 2010, 22:389-395.
125. Thangavelu S.M., Wei Yong Y., Chongvilaivan A. FDI, Growth and the Asian Financial Crisis: The Experience of Selected Asian Countries 2009, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., pp. 1461-1477.
126. Thanh H.X., Anh D.N., Tacoli C. Livelihood Diversification and Rural-Urban Linkages in Vietnam's Red River Delta 2004, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, pp. 16.
127. Truong S.A., Gubry P., Vu T.H., Huguet J.W. Migration and employment in Ho Chi Minh City. Asia Pacific Population Journal 1996, 11:3-22.
128. United Nations World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision 2010, United Nations, New York.
129. United Nations World Urbanization Prospects: The 2010 Revision 2011, United Nations, New York.
130. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 2010. Pakistan floods-Historical natural disaster events. Relief Web August 9.
131. VanWey, Leah K. Land Ownership as a Determinant of International and Internal Migration in Mexico and Internal Migration in Thailand. International Migration Review 2005, 39(1):141-172.
132. Vermeer M., Rahmstorf S. Global sea level linked to global temperature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America 2009, 106:21527-21532.
133. Vietnam General Statistics Office Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2005 2006, Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi, Vietnam.
134. Vind I., Fold N. City networks and commodity chains: Identifying global flows and local connections in Ho Chi Minh City. Global Networks 2010, 10:54-74.
135. Vorosmarty C.J., McIntyre P.B., Gessner M.O., Dudgeon D., Prusevich A., Green P., Glidden S., Bunn S.E., Sullivan C.A., Liermann C.R., Davis P.M. Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature 2010, 467(7315):555-561.
136. Walters P.B. Systems of cities and urban primacy: problems of definition and measurement. Urbanization in the World Economy 1985, Academic Press, Orlando. M. Timberlake, E. Shorter, C. Tilly (Eds.).
137. Watts M. Resource curse?. governmentality, oil and power in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Geopolitics 2004, 9:50-80.
138. Webster P.J. Myanmar's deadly daffodil. Nature Geoscience 2008, 1:488-490.
139. Whalley J., Xin X. China's FDI and non-FDI economies and the sustainability of future high Chinese growth. China Economic Review 2010, 21:123-135.
140. Winkels A. Rural in-migration and global trade-managing the risks of coffee farming in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Mountain Research and Development 2008, 28:32-40.
141. Woodroffe C.D., Nicholls R.J., Saito Y., Chen Z., Goodbred S.L. Landscape variability and the response of Asian megadeltas to environmental change. Global Change and Integrated Coastal Management 2006, 277-314. N. Harvey (Ed.).
142. World Bank Pakistan: Growth and Export Competitiveness 2006, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
143. World Bank Rebuilding Iraq: Economic reform and transition 2006, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
144. World Bank Arab Republic of Egypt: Urban Sector Update 2008, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
145. World Bank Vietnam: Laying the foundation for sustainable, inclusive growth 2009, World Bank, International Development Association, Washington, D.C., (2010 June).
146. Wust S., Bolay J.C., Ngoc Du T.T. Metropolization and the ecological crisis: precarious settlements in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Environment and Urbanization 2002, 14:211-224.
147. Yao S.J. On economic growth, FDI and exports in China. Applied Economics 2006, 38:339-351.
148. Zhang W., Yan Y.X., Zheng J.H., Li L., Dong X., Cai H.J. Temporal and spatial variability of annual extreme water level in the Pearl River Delta region, China. Global and Planetary Change 2009, 69:35-47.
149. Zhao Y. Leaving the countryside: rural-to-urban migration decisions in China. The American Economic Review 1999, 89.
150. Zhao Y.H. Labor migration and earnings differences: the case of rural China. Economic Development and Cultural Change 1999, 47:767-782.
151. Zhao Y.H. Causes and consequences of return migration: recent evidence from China. Journal of Comparative Economics 2002, 30:376-394.
152. Zheng J.Y., Zheng Z.Y., Yu Y.F., Zhong L.J. Temporal, spatial characteristics and uncertainty of biogenic VOC emissions in the Pearl River Delta region, China. Atmospheric Environment 2010, 44:1960-1969.