Yellow fever outbreak affecting Alouatta populations in southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State), 2008-2009

American Journal of Primatology

Volumn 74, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 68-76

  De Almeida, Marco Antônio Barreto ^a   Dos Santos, Edmilson ^a   Da Cruz Cardoso, Jader ^a   Da Fonseca, Daltro Fernandes ^a   Noll, Carlos Alberto ^b   Silveira, Vivian Regina ^c   Maeda, Adriana Yurika ^c   De Souza, Renato Pereira ^c   Kanamura, Cristina ^c   Brasil, Roosecelis Araújo ^c  

^a Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde Secretaria Estadual   (Brazil)

^b Saúde Estado do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil 17a CRS SES RS   (Brazil)

^c INSTITUTO ADOLFO LUTZ   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Alouatta; Epizootics; Outbreak; Yellow fever; Zoonotic surveillance

Indexed keywords

DISEASE TRANSMISSION; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; MONITORING SYSTEM; MORTALITY; MOSQUITO; PRIMATE; PUBLIC HEALTH; TREEHOLE; VIRAL DISEASE; WILD POPULATION;

ALOUATTA; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MONKEY DISEASE; YELLOW FEVER;

ALOUATTA; ANIMALS; BRAZIL; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MONKEY DISEASES; YELLOW FEVER;

BRAZIL; RIO GRANDE DO SUL;

ALOUATTA; ALOUATTA CARAYA; ALOUATTA GUARIBA CLAMITANS; HAEMAGOGUS; HAPLORHINI; PRIMATES;

EID: 81955161904     PISSN: 02752565     EISSN: 10982345     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.21010     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Agostini I, Holzmann I, Di Bitetti MS. 2008. Infant hybrids in a newly formed mixed-species group of howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans and Alouatta caraya) in northeastern Argentina. Primates 49:304-307.
2. Agramonte A. 1924. Some observations upon yellow fever prophylaxis. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 27:285-287.
3. Anderson CR, Downs WG. 1965. The isolation of yellow fever virus from the livers of naturally infected red howler monkeys. Caribbean Medical Journal 27:75-77.
4. Balfour A. 1914. The wild monkey as a reservoir for the virus of yellow fever. Lancet 1:1176-1178.
5. Beaty B, Calisher CH, Shope RE. 1989. Arboviruses. In: Schmidt NJ, Emmons RW, editors. Diagnostic procedures for viral, rickettsial and chlamydial infections, 6th Edition. Washington: American Public Health Association. p 797-855.
6. Bejarano JF. 1979. Estudio sobre Fiebre Amarilla Selvatica en la Republica Argentina. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Bienestar Social de la Nacion/Secretaria de Estado de Salud Publica. 62 p.
7. Bicca-Marques JC, Freitas DS. 2010. The role of monkeys, mosquitoes, and humans in the occurrence of a yellow fever outbreak in a fragmented landscape in south Brazil: protecting howler monkeys is a matter of public health. Tropical Conservation Science 3:31-42.
8. Boshell J, Groot H. 1957. Encuesta inmunologica sobre Fiebre Amarilla en primates silvestres de America Central (1952-1957). Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana 153:309-322.
9. Brasil. 2005. Manual de vigilância de epizootias em primatas não humanos. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. 56 p.
10. Brasil. 2006. Portaria n.5 da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde de 21.2.2006. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Disponível em: <>.
11. Brasil. 2010. Vigilância em Saúde: panorama, conjunturas, cartografias: gestão 2009-2010. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. 376 p.
12. Cardoso JC, Almeida MAB, Santos E, Fonseca DF, Sallum MAM, Noll CA, Monteiro HAO, Cruz AC, Carvalho VL, Pinto EV, Castro CC, Nunes Neto JP, Segura MNO, Vasconcelos PFC. 2010. Yellow fever virus in Haemagogus leucelaenus and Aedes serratus mosquitoes, southern Brazil, 2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases 16:1918-1924.
13. Collias NE, Southwick CH. 1952. A field study of the population density and social organization in howler monkeys. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 96:144-156.
14. Davis NC. 1931. The transmission of Yellow Fever: further experiments with monkeys of the New World. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine 11:113-125.
15. Dégallier N, Travassos da Rosa APA, Vasconcelos PFC, Travassos da Rosa ES, Rodrigues SG, Sá Filho GC, Travassos da Rosa JFS. 1992. New entomological and virological data on the vectors of sylvatic yellow fever in Brazil. Journal of the Brazilian Association for the Advancement of Science 44:136-142.
16. de Brito T, Siqueira SA, Santos RT, Nassar ES, Coimbra TL, Alves VA. 1992. Human fatal yellow fever-immunohistochemical detection of viral antigens in the liver, kidney and heart. Pathology - Research and Practice 188:177-181.
17. de Thoisy B, Vogel I, Reynes JM, Pouliquen JF, Carme B, Kazanji M, Vié JC. 2001. Health evaluation of translocated free-ranging Primates in French Guiana. American Journal of Primatology 54:1-16.
18. Deubel V, Huerre M, Cathomas G, Drouet MT, Wuscher N, Le Guenno B, Widmer AF. 1997. Molecular detection and characterization of yellow fever virus in blood and liver specimens of a non-vaccinated fatal human case. Journal of Medical Virology 53:212-217.
19. Elton NW. 1952. Progress of sylvan yellow fever wave in Central América: Nicarágua and Honduras. American Journal of Public Health 42:1527-1534.
20. Franco O. 1976. História da Febre Amarela no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Superintendência de Campanhas de Saúde Pública. Ministério da Saúde. 209p.
21. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, Sather GE, Velez M, Oliver A. 1984. Mosquito cell culture and specific monoclonal antibodies in surveillance for dengue viruses. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 33:158-165.
22. Holzmann I, Agostini I, Areta JI, Ferreyra H, Beldomenico P, Di Bitetti MS. 2010. Impact of yellow fever outbreaks on two howler monkey species (Alouatta guariba clamitans and A. caraya) in Misiones, Argentina. American Journal of Primatology 72:475-480.
23. IBGE-Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo. 2010. Primeiros resultados. (English: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. 2010 Census; Initial Results).
24. Kumm HW, Laemmert HW. 1950. The geographical distribution of immunity to yellow fever among the primates of Brazil. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine 30:733-748.
25. Laemmert HW, Kumm HW. 1950. The susceptibility of howler monkeys to yellow fever virus. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine 30:723-731.
26. Lima MA, Romano-Lieber NS, Duarte AMRC. 2010. Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera hydroelectric plant, São Paulo, Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52:11-15.
27. Marques AAB. 2003. Primatas. In: Fontana CS, Benck GA, Reis RE, editors. Livro vermelho da fauna ameaçada de extinção no Rio Grande do Sul. EDIPUCRS: Porto Alegre. p 499-506.
28. Mendes SL. 1989. Estudo ecológico de Alouatta fusca (Primates:Cebidae) na Estação Biológica de Caratinga, MG. Revista Nordestina de Biologia 6:71-104.
29. Monath TP. 1997. Epidemiology of yellow fever: current status and speculations on future trends. In: Saluzzo JF, Dodet B, editors. Factors in the emergence of arbovirus diseases. Paris: Elsevier. p 143-156.
30. Monath TP. 2001. Yellow fever: an update. Lancet Infectious Diseases 1:11-20.
31. Neville MK, Glander KE, Braza F, Rylands AB. 1988. The howling monkeys, genus Alouatta. In: Rylands AB, Coimbra-Filho AF, Fonseca GAB, editors. Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund. p 349-453.
32. Nobre A, Antezana D, Tauil PL. 1994. Febre Amarela e Dengue no Brasil: epidemiologia e controle. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 27:59-66.
33. Oliveira SV, Lopes JTS, Bairros S. 2010. Surveillance of yellow fever in Caçapava do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: a report on the epizootic of 2008-2009. Case Report. Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde 1:181-186.
34. Ott-Joslin JE. 1986. Viral diseases in nonhuman primates. In: Fowler M. editor. Zoo and wild animal medicine. United States of North America: W.B. Saunders Co. p 674-697.
35. Pan American Health Organization. Consultado em 08/ 2010.
36. Pinheiro FP, Travassos da Rosa APA, Moraes MAP. 1981. An epidemic of yellow fever in central Brazil, 1972-1973. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 30:204-211.
37. Printes RC, Liesenfeld MVA, Jerusalinsky L. Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940. 2001. A new southern limit for the specie and for neotropical primates. Neotropical Primates 9:118-121.
38. Rifakis PM, Benitez JA, De-La-Paz-Pineda J, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. 2006. Epizootics of yellow fever in Venezuela (2004-2005). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1081:57-60.
39. Santos E, Almeida MAB, Fonseca DF, Vasconcelos PFC, Rodriguez SG. 2006. Registro de anticorpos para o vírus Saint Louis em primata não humano no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim Epidemiológico/Secretaria da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul 8:6-7.
40. Soper FL. 1936. Jungle yellow fever. A new epidemiological entity in South America. Revista de Hygiene e Saúde Pública 4:109-144.
41. Soper FL. 1979. Andanzas por el mundo de la salud. Memórias de Fred Lowe Soper. John Duffy. Editor. Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud. Organizacion Mundial de la Salud.
42. Soper FL, Penna H, Cardoso E, Serafim Jr J, Frobisher M, Pinheiro J. 1933. Yellow fever without Aedes aegypti. Study of a rural epidemic in the Valle do Chanaan, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 1932. American Journal of Hygiene 18:555-586.
43. Stokes A, Bauer JH, Hudson NP. 1928. The transmission of yellow fever to macacus rhesus. Preliminary note. The Journal of the American Medical Association 90:253-254.
44. Strode GK. 1951. Yellow fever. New York: McGraw-Hill. 709p.
45. Torres MAN. 2002. Febre Amarela Silvestre reemergiu no Rio Grande do Sul. A Hora Veterinária 22:56-57.
46. Torres MAN, Santos E, Almeida MAB, Cruz LL, Sperb AF. 2003. Vigilância da Febre Amarela Silvestre no Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim Epidemiológico/Secretaria da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul 6:1-7.
47. Travassos da Rosa APA, Travassos da Rosa ES, Travassos da Rosa JFS, Degallier N, Vasconcelos PFC, Rodrigues SG, Cruz CR. 1994. Os arbovirus no Brasil: Generalidades, Métodos e Técnicas de Estudo. Documento Técnico no 2 - Instituto Evandro Chagas, FUNASA e MS.
48. Vargas-Mendez O, Elton NW. 1953. Naturally acquired yellow fever in wild monkeys of Costa Rica. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2:850-863.
49. Vasconcelos PFC. 2003. Yellow fever. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 36:275-293.
50. Vasconcelos PFC, Travassos da Rosa APA, Pinheiro FP, Rodrigues SG, Travassos da Rosa ES, Cruz ACR, Travassos da Rosa JFS. 1999. Aedes aegypti, dengue and re-urbanization of yellow fever in Brazil and other South American Countries-past and present situation and future perspectives. World Health Organization, Dengue Bulletin (New Delhi) 23:55-66.
51. Vasconcelos PFC, Costa ZG, Travassos da Rosa ES, Luna E, Rodrigues SG, Barros VLRS, Dias JP, Monteiro HAO, Oliva OFP, Vasconcelos HB, Oliveira RC, Sousa MRS, Barbosa da Silva J, Cruz ACR, Martins EC, Travassos da Rosa JFS. 2001. Epidemic of jungle yellow fever in Brazil, 2000: implications of climatic alterations in disease spread. Journal of Medical Virology 65:598-604.
52. Vasconcelos PFC, Sperb AF, Monteiro HAO, Torres MAN, Sousa MRS, Vasconcelos HB, Mardini LBF, Rodrigues SG. 2003. Isolations of yellow fever vírus from Haemagogus leucocelaenus in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97:60-62.
53. Viégas Sallis ES, Barros VLRS, Garmártz SL, Fighera RA, Graça DL. 2003. A case of yellow fever in a Brown howler monkey (Alouatta fusca) in Southern Brazil. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15:547-576.