Low-density Lipoprotein Apheresis

Clinical Lipidology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 363-375

  Moriarty, Patrick M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 81855178381     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-141605469-6.50034-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (136)

1. Ventura HO, Mehra MR Bloodletting as a cure for dropsy: heart failure down the ages. [Erratum appears in J Card Fail. 2005;11(5):404.]. J Card Fail 2005, 11(7):247-252.
2. Abel JJ, Rowntree LG, Turner BB Plasma removal with return of corpuscles (plasmaphaeresis). The Journal of Pharmacology and experimental therapeutics Vol. V. No. 6, July, 1914. Trans Sci 1990, 11(2):166-177.
3. Solomon BA, Castino F, Lysaght MJ, et al. Continuous flow membrane filtration of plasma from whole blood. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1978, 24:21-26.
4. de Gennes JL, Touraine R, Maunand B, et al. Homozygous cutaneo-tendinous forms of hypercholesteremic xanthomatosis in an exemplary familial case. Trial of plasmapheresis ans heroic treatment. Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris 1967, 118(15):1377-1402.
5. Thompson GR, Lowenthal R, Myant NB Plasma exchange in the management of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet 1975, 1(7918):1208-1211.
6. Thompson GR, Myant NB, Kilpatrick D, et al. Assessment of long-term plasma exchange for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Br Heart J 1980, 43(6):680-688.
7. Agishi T, Kaneko I, Hasuo Y, et al. Double filtration plasmapheresis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1980, 26:406-411.
8. Stoffel W, Borberg Grevev Application of specific extracorporeal removal of low-density lipoprotein in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet 1981, 2(8254):1005-1007.
9. Richter WO, Jacob EG, Ritter MM, et al. Three-year treatment of familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia by extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein immunoadsorption with polyclonal apolipoprotein B antibodies. Metabolism 1993, 42(7):888-894.
10. Pokrovsky SN, Sussekov AV, Adamova IY, et al. Development of immunosorbents for apoB-containing lipoproteins apheresis. Artif Organs 1995, 19(6):500-505.
11. Koll R, Klinkmann J, Richter W RheoSorb: a specific adsorber for fibrinogen elimination in clinical situations with impaired rheology. Artif Organs 2002, 26(2):145-151.
12. Wieland H, Seidel D A simple specific method for precipitation of low-density lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 1983, 24(7):904-909.
13. Davidson WS, Sparks DL, Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC The molecular basis for the difference in charge between pre-beta- and alpha-migrating high-density lipoproteins. J Biol Chem 1994, 269(12):8959-8965.
14. Susca M Heparin-induced extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein precipitation futura, a new modification of HELP apheresis: technique and first clinical results. Ther Apher 2001, 5(5):387-393.
15. Mabuchi H, Michishita I, Takeda M, et al. A new low-density lipoprotein apheresis system using two dextran sulfate cellulose columns in an automated column regenerating unit (LDL continuous apheresis). Atherosclerosis 1987, 68(1-2):19-25.
16. Bosch T, Schmidt B, Blumenstein M, et al. Lipid apheresis by hemoperfusion: in vitro efficacy and ex vivo biocompatibility of a new low-density lipoprotein adsorber compatible with human whole blood. Artif Organs 1993, 17(7):640-652.
17. Otto C, Geiss HC, Laubach E, Schwandt P Effects of direct adsorption of lipoproteins apheresis on lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein subtypes, and hemorheology in hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary artery disease. Ther Apher 2002, 6(2):130-135.
18. Kobayashi A, Nakatani M, Furuyoshi S, Tani N In vitro evaluation of dextran sulfate cellulose beads for whole blood infusion low-density lipoprotein-hemoperfusion. Ther Apher 2002, 6(5):365-371.
19. Kroon AA, van't Hof MA, Fuss-Lejeune MM, et al. The rebound of lipoproteins after LDL-apheresis. Kinetics and estimation of mean lipoprotein levels. Atherosclerosis 2000, 152(2):519-526.
20. Marais AD, Naoumova RP, Firth JC, et al. Decreased production of low-density lipoprotein by atorvastatin after apheresis in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 1997, 38(10):2071-2078.
21. Pfohl M, Naoumova RP, Klass C, et al. Acute and chronic effects on cholesterol biosynthesis of LDL-apheresis with or without concomitant HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy. J Lipid Res 1994, 35(11):1946-1955.
22. Gordon BR, Kelsey SF, Dau PC, et al. Long-term effects of low-density lipoprotein apheresis using an automated dextran sulfate cellulose adsorption system. Liposorber Study Group. Am J Cardiol 1998, 81(4):407-411.
23. Holvoet P, Mertens A, Verhamme P, et al. Circulating oxidized LDL is a useful marker for identifying patients with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001, 21(5):844-848.
24. St-Pierre AC, Ruel IL, Cantin B, et al. Comparison of various electrophoretic characteristics of LDL particles and their relationship to the risk of ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2001, 104(19):2295-2299.
25. Napoli C, Ambrosio G, Scarpato N, et al. Decreased low-density lipoprotein oxidation after repeated selective apheresis in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Am Heart J 1997, 133(5):585-595.
26. Schamberger B, Geiss HC, Ritter MM, et al. Influence of LDL apheresis on LDL subtypes in patients with coronary heart disease and severe hyperlipoproteinemia. J Lipid Res 2000, 41:727-733.
27. Parhofer KG, Barrett PH, Demant T, et al. Effects of weekly LDL-apheresis on metabolic parameters of apolipoprotein B in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 1996, 37(11):2383-2393.
28. Hershcovici T, Schechner V, Orlin J, et al. Effect of different LDL-apheresis methods on parameters involved in atherosclerosis. J Clin Apher 2004, 19(2):90-97.
29. Schechner V, Berliner S, Shapira I, et al. Comparative analysis between dextran sulfate adsorption and direct adsorption of lipoproteins in their capability to reduce erythrocyte adhesiveness/aggregation in the peripheral blood. Ther Apher Dial 2004, 8(1):39-44.
30. Opole IO, Belmont JM, Kumar A, Moriarty PM Effect of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on inflammatory and noninflammatory high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Cardiol 2007, 100:1416-1418.
31. Navab M, Ananthramaiah GM, Reddy ST, et al. The double jeopardy of HDL. Ann Med 2005, 37(3):173-178.
32. Schmaldienst S, Banyai S, Stuinig TM, et al. Prospective randomised cross-over comparison of three LDL-apheresis systems in statin pretreated patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 2000, 151(2):493-499.
33. Richter WO, Donner MG, Schwandt P Short- and long-term effects on serum lipoproteins by three different techniques of apheresis. Artif Organs 1996, 20(4):311-317.
34. Geiss HC, Bremer S, Barrett PH, et al. In vivo metabolism of LDL subfractions in patients with heterozygous FH on statin therapy: rebound analysis of LDL subfractions after LDL apheresis. J Lipid Res 2004, 45(8):1459-1467.
35. Le NA, Dutton J-A, Moriarty P, Brown WV Acute changes in oxidative and inflammatory markers with LDL apheresis [abstract]. Circulation 2006, 114:II-111.
36. Keller C Apheresis in coronary heart disease with elevated Lp (a): a review of Lp (a) as a risk factor and its management. Ther Apher Dial 2007, 11(1):2-8.
37. Bambauer R Is lipoprotein(a)-apheresis useful?. Ther Apher Dial 2005, 9(2):142-147.
38. Kojima S, Shiba M, Kuramochi M, et al. Effect of nafamostat mesilate on bradykinin generation and hemodynamics during LDL apheresis. Artif Organs 1995, 19(2):135-139.
39. Schuff-Werner P Clinical long-term results of H.E.L.P.-apheresis. Z Kardiol 2003, 92(Suppl 3):III28-III29.
40. Bosch T, Gahr S, Belschner U, et al. Direct adsorption of low-density lipoprotein by DALI-LDL-apheresis: Results of a prospective long-term multicenter follow-up covering 12,291 sessions. Ther Apher Dial 2006, 10(3):210-218.
41. Koga N, Nagano T, Sato T, Kagasawa K Anaphylactoid reactions and bradykinin generation in patients treated with LDL-apheresis and an ACE inhibitor. ASAIO J 1993, 39(3):M288-M291.
42. Bosch T, Keller C Clinical effects of direct adsorption of lipoprotein apheresis: beyond cholesterol reduction. Ther Apher Dial 2003, 7(3):341-344.
43. Johansen HT, Buøo L, Karlsrud TS, Aasen AO Dextran sulphate activation of the contact system in plasma and ascites. Thromb Res 1994, 76(4):363-371.
44. Julius U, Siegert G, Gromeier S Intraindividual comparison of the impact of two selective apheresis methods (DALI and HELP) on the coagulation system. Int J Artif Organs 2000, 23(3):199-206.
45. Gordon BR, Sloan BJ, Parker TS, et al. Humoral immune response following extracorporeal immunoadsorption of patients with hypercholesterolemia. Transfusion 1990, 30:327-332.
46. Tataru MC, Schulte H, von Eckardstein A, et al. Plasma fibrinogen in relation to the severity of arteriosclerosis in patients with stable angina pectoris after myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2001, 12(3):157-165.
47. Tatami R, Inove N, Itoh H, et al. Regression of coronary atherosclerosis by combined LDL-apheresis and lipid-lowering drug therapy in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a multicenter study. The LARS Investigators. Atherosclerosis 1992, 95(1):1-13.
48. Waidner T, Franzen D, Voelker W, et al. The effect of LDL apheresis on progression of coronary artery disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Results of a multicenter LDL apheresis study. Clin Investig 1994, 72(11):858-863.
49. Schuff-Werner P, Gohlke H, Bartmann U, et al. The HELP-LDL-apheresis multicenter study, an angiographically assessed trial on the role of LDL-apheresis in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. II. Final evaluation of the effect of regular treatment on LDL cholesterol plasma concentration and the course of coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Invest 1994, 24:724-732.
50. Thompson GR, Maherum, Matthews S, et al. Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Regression Study: a randomised trial of low-density-lipoprotein apheresis. [See comment.]. Lancet 1995, 345(8953):811-816.
51. Kroon AA, Aengevaeren WR, van der Werf T, et al. LDL-Apheresis Atherosclerosis Regression Study (LAARS). Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering treatment on coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 1996, 93(10):1826-1835.
52. Mabuchi H, Koizumi J, Shimizu M, et al. Long-term efficacy of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolemia. Hokuriku-FH-LDL-Apheresis Study Group. Am J Cardiol 1998, 82(12):1489-1495.
53. Tamai O, Matsuoka H, Itabe H, et al. Single LDL apheresis improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in hypercholesterolemic humans. Circulation 1997, 95:76-82.
54. Igarashi K, Tsuji M, Nishimura M, Horimoto M Improvement of endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation after a single LDL apheresis in patients with hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Apher 2004, 19(1):11-16.
55. Sato M, Amano I Changes in oxidative stress and microcirculation by low-density lipoprotein apheresis. Ther Apher Dial 2003, 7(4):419-424.
56. Kobayashi K, Yamashita K, Tasaki H, et al. Evaluation of improved coronary flow velocity reserve using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography after single LDL apheresis. Ther Apher Dial 2004, 8(5):383-389.
57. Klingel R, Göhlen B, Schwarting A, et al. Differential indication of lipoprotein apheresis during pregnancy. Ther Apher Dial 2003, 7(3):359-364.
58. de Ferranti SD, Rifai N C-reactive protein: a nontraditional serum marker of cardiovascular risk. Cardiovasc Pathol 2007, 16(1):14-21.
59. Moriarty PM, Gibson CA Effect of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. Am J Cardiol 2005, 95(10):1246-1247.
60. Empen K, Otto C, Brödl VC, Parhofer KG The effects of three different LDL-apheresis methods on the plasma concentrations of E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. J Clin Apher 2002, 17(1):38-43.
61. Wang Y, Blessing F, Walli AK, et al. Effects of heparin-mediated extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein precipitation beyond lowering proatherogenic lipoproteins-reduction of circulating proinflammatory and procoagulatory markers. Atherosclerosis 2004, 175(1):145-150.
62. Kobayashi S, Moriya H, Maesato K, et al. LDL-apheresis improves peripheral arterial occlusive disease with an implication for anti-inflammatory effects. J Clin Apher 2005, 20(4):239-243.
63. Nakamura T, Matsuda T, Suzuki Y, Ueda Y, Koicle H Effects of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 and serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels in diabetic hemodialysis patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. ASAIO J 2003, 49(4):430-434.
64. Kobayashi J, Katsube S, Shimoda M, et al. Single LDL apheresis improves serum remnant-like particle-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and malondialdehyde-modified-low-density lipoprotein concentrations in Japanese hypercholesterolemic subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2002, 321(1-2):107-112.
65. Kojima S, Shida M, Yokoyama H Changes in C-reactive protein plasma levels during low-density lipoprotein apheresis. Ther Apher Dial 2003, 7(4):431-434.
66. Otto C, Geiss HC, Empen K, Parhofer KG Long-term reduction of C-reactive protein concentration by regular LDL apheresis. Atherosclerosis 2004, 174(1):151-156.
67. Wieland E, Schettler V, Armstrong VW Highly effective reduction of C-reactive protein in patients with coronary heart disease by extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein apheresis. Atherosclerosis 2002, 162(1):187-191.
68. Moriarty PM, Gibson CA, Shih J, Matias MS C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation among patients undergoing HELP LDL apheresis. Atherosclerosis 2001, 158(2):495-498.
69. Kobayashi S, Moriya H, Negishi K, et al. LDL-apheresis up-regulates VEGF and IGF-I in patients with ischemic limb. [See comment.]. J Clin Apher 2003, 18(3):115-119.
70. Jovin IS, Taborski U, Muller-Berghaus G Analysis of the long-term efficacy and selectivity of immunoadsorption columns for low-density lipoprotein apheresis. ASAIO J 2000, 46(3):298-300.
71. Knisel W, Di Nicuolo A, Pfohl M, et al. Different effects of two methods of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. [See comment.]. J Intern Med 1993, 234(5):479-487.
72. Jaeger BR Evidence for maximal treatment of atherosclerosis: drastic reduction of cholesterol and fibrinogen restores vascular homeostatis. Ther Apher 2001, 5(3):207-211.
73. Angelkort B, Amann B, Lawall H Hemorheology and hemostatis in vascular disease. A pathophysiological review. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2002, 26:145-154.
74. Moriarty PM, Gibson CA, Kensey KR, Hogenaver W Effect of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol apheresis on blood viscosity. Am J Cardiol 2004, 93(8):1044-1046.
75. Rubba P, Iannuzzi A, Postiglione A, et al. Hemodynamic changes in the peripheral circulation after repeat low-density lipoprotein apheresis in familial hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 1990, 81:610-616.
76. Schuff-Werner P, Schütz E, Seyde WC, et al. Improved haemorheology associated with a reduction in plasma fibrinogen and LDL in patients being treated by heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP). Eur J Clin Invest 1989, 19(1):30-37.
77. Iannuzzi A, Bianciardi G, Faccenda F, et al. Correction of erythrocyte shape abnormalities in familial hypercholesterolemia after LDL-apheresis: does it influence cerebral hemodynamics?. Heart Vessels 1997, 12:234-240.
78. Tasaki H Low-density lipoprotein apheresis in the prevention of recurrent coronary heart disease: a review. Ther Apher Dial 2003, 7(4):408-412.
79. Krieter DH, Steinke J, Kerkhoff M, et al. Contact activation in low-density lipoprotein apheresis systems. Artif Organs 2005, 29(1):47-52.
80. Mii S, Mori A, Sakata H, et al. LDL apheresis for arteriosclerosis obliterans with occluded bypass graft: change in prostacyclin and effect on ischemic symptoms. Angiology 1998, 49(3):175-180.
81. Nakamura T, Vshiyama C, Osada S, et al. Effect of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on plasma endothelin-1 levels in diabetic hemodialysis patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. J Diabetes Complications 2003, 17(6):349-354.
82. Mellwig KP, Baller D, Gleichmann U, et al. Improvement of coronary vasodilatation capacity through single LDL apheresis. Atherosclerosis 1998, 139(1):173-178.
83. Kroon AA, van Asten WN, Stalenhoef AF Effect of apheresis of low-density lipoprotein on peripheral vascular disease in hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1996, 125(12):945-954.
84. Takagi M, Yamada T, Yamaguchi H, et al. The role of low-density lipoprotein apheresis as postoperative care of bypass grafting for chronic arterial occlusion. Cardiovasc Surg 1996, 4(4):459-465.
85. Walzl B, Walzl M, Lechner P, et al. Heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP): a new therapeutic intervention in cerebrovascular diseases and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Wien Med Wochenschr 1993, 143(22):563-570.
86. Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K, et al. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. [See comment.]. Stroke 2001, 32(1):280-299.
87. Smith CJ, Emsley HC, Gavin CM, et al. Peak plasma interleukin-6 and other peripheral markers of inflammation in the first week of ischaemic stroke correlate with brain infarct volume, stroke severity and long-term outcome. BMC Neurol 2004, 4(1):2.
88. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: The MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. [See comment][summary for patients in Curr Cardiol Rep 2002;4(6):485; PMID: 12379168]. JAMA 2001, 285(13):1711-1718.
89. 2 reactivity after Heparin-mediated Extracorporeal LDL Precipitation (HELP) in patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia. Stroke 1999, 30:1802-1806.
90. Walzl M, Lechner H, Walzl B, Schied G Improved neurological recovery of cerebral infarctions after plasmapheretic reduction of lipids and fibrinogen. [See comment.]. Stroke 1993, 24(10):1447-1451.
91. Wenke K Management of hyperlipidaemia associated with heart transplantation. Drugs 2004, 64(10):1053-1068.
92. Mehra MR, Raval NY Metaanalysis of statins and survival in de novo cardiac transplantation. Transplant Proc 2004, 36(5):1539-1541.
93. Park JW, Merz M, Braun P Regression of transplant coronary artery disease during chronic low-density lipoprotein-apheresis. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997, 16(3):290-297.
94. Matschke K, Mrowietz C, Sternitzky R, et al. Effect of LDL apheresis on oxygen tension in skeletal muscle in patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy and severe lipid disorder. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2004, 30(3-4):263-271.
95. Jaeger BR, Meiser B, Nagel D, et al. Aggressive lowering of fibrinogen and cholesterol in the prevention of graft vessel disease after heart transplantation. Circulation 1997, 96(Suppl 9):II-154-II-158.
96. Nakamura T, Kawagoe Y, Ogawa H, et al. Effect of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on urinary protein and podocyte excretion in patients with nephrotic syndrome due to diabetic nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2005, 45(1):48-53.
97. Muso E, Mune M, Fujii Y, et al. Significantly rapid relief from steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome by LDL apheresis compared with steroid monotherapy. Nephron 2001, 89(4):408-415.
98. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2007 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. 2007:e69-e171.
99. Stone PH, Stone PH Triggering myocardial infarction. [See comment.]. N Engl J Med 2004, 351(17):1716-1718.
100. Ray KK, Cannon CP, Ganz P Beyond lipid lowering: What have we learned about the benefits of statins from the acute coronary syndromes trials?. Am J Cardiol 2006, 98(11A):18P-25P.
101. Adachi H, Niwa A, Shinoda T Prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty with low-density lipoprotein apheresis. Artif Organs 1995, 19(12):1243-1247.
102. Jaeger BR, Kreuzer E, Knez A, et al. Case reports on emergency treatment of cardiovascular syndromes through heparin-mediated low-density lipoprotein/fibrinogen precipitation: a new approach to augment cerebral and myocardial salvage. Ther Apher 2002, 6(5):394-398.
103. Rim S-J, Leong-Poi H, Lindner JR, et al. Decrease in coronary blood flow reserve during hyperlipidemia is secondary to an increase in blood viscosity. Circulation 2001, 104:2704-2709.
104. Buono LM, Foroozan R, Sergott RC, et al. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002, 13(6):357-361.
105. Beatty S, Au Eong KG Acute occlusion of the retinal arteries: current concepts and recent advances in diagnosis and management. J Accid Emerg Med 2000, 17(5):324-329.
106. Williamson TH, Rumley A, Lowe GD Blood viscosity, coagulation, and activated protein C resistance in central retinal vein occlusion: a population controlled study. [See comment.]. Br J Ophthalmol 1996, 80(3):203-208.
107. Fraser S, Siriwardena D Interventions for acute non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev 2002, 1:CD001989.
108. Walzl M, Lechner P, Walzl B, et al. First experiences with the heparin-induced extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein precipitation in the treatment of critical limb ischaemia: a new therapeutical approach?. Haemostasis 1993, 23(5):237-243.
109. Moriarty PM, Whitaker TJ Treatment of acute occlusion of the retinal artery by LDL-apheresis. J Clin Apher 2005, 20(2):88-92.
110. Ramunni A, Giancipoli G, Guerriero S, et al. LDL-apheresis accelerates the recovery of nonarteritic acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Ther Apher Dial 2005, 9(1):53-58.
111. Friedman DS, O'Colmain BJ, Münoz B, et al. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. [See comment.]. Arch Ophthalmol 2004, 122(4):564-572.
112. Tan JS, Mitchell P, Rochtenina E, et al. Statins and the long-term risk of incident age-related macular degeneration: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2007, 143(4):685-687.
113. Schaumberg DA, Christen WG, Buring JE, et al. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, other markers of inflammation, and the incidence of macular degeneration in women. Arch Ophthalmol 2007, 125(3):300-305.
114. Pulido JS, Multicenter Investigation of Rheopheresis for AMD (MIRA-1) Study Group Multicenter prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of Rheopheresis to treat nonexudative age-related macular degeneration: interim analysis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2002, 100:85-106; discussion 106-107.
115. Nakashima T, Itoh A, Misawa H, Ohno Y Clinicoepidemiologic features of sudden deafness diagnosed and treated at university hospitals in Japan. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000, 123(5):593-597.
116. Zheng S, Jiang R, Fan M: Hemorheological disorders in patients with sudden deafness. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 14(1):11-14.
117. Heiden C, Porzsolt F, Biesinger E, et al. Spontaneous remission of sudden deafness. HNO 2000, 48(8):621-623.
118. Ullrich H, Kleinjung T, Steffens T, et al. Improved treatment of sudden hearing loss by specific fibrinogen aphaeresis. J Clin Apher 2004, 19(2):71-78.
119. Balletshofer BM, Stock J, Rittig K, et al. Acute effect of rheopheresis on peripheral endothelial dysfunction in patients suffering from sudden hearing loss. Ther Apher Dial 2005, 9(5):385-390.
120. Suckfull M, Suckfull G. Hearing Loss Study: Fibrinogen and LDL apheresis in treatment of sudden hearing loss: A randomised multicentre trial. [Erratum appears in Lancet 2003;361(9372):1916.] Lancet 2002, 360(9348):1811-1817.
121. Saftlas AF, Olson DR, Franks AL, et al. Epidemiology of preeclampsia and eclampsia in the United States, 1979-1986. [See comment.]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990, 163(2):460-465.
122. Roberts JM, Taylor RN, Musci TJ, et al. Preeclampsia: an endothelial cell disorder. [See comment.]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989, 161(5):1200-1204.
123. Qiu C, Kivipelto M, Agüero-Torres H, et al. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Oxidized LDL) and the risk of preeclampsia. Physiol Res 2006, 55(5):491-500.
124. Garcia RG, Celedón J, Sierra-Laguado J, et al. Raised C-reactive protein and impaired flow-mediated vasodilation precede the development of preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens 2007, 20(1):98-103.
125. Ustün Y, Engin-Ustün Y, Kamaci M Association of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein with severity of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2005, 121(2):154-158.
126. Wang J, Mimuro S, Lahoud R, et al. Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) in women with preeclampsia. [See comment.]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998, 178(1 Pt 1):146-149.
127. Wang Y, Walli AK, Schulze A, et al. Heparin-mediated extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein precipitation as a possible therapeutic approach in preeclampsia. Transfus Apher Sci 2006, 35(2):103-110.
128. Grutzmacher P, Landgraf H, Esser R, et al. In vivo rheologic effects of lipid apheresis techniques: comparison of dextran sulfate LDL adsorption and heparin-induced LDL precipitation. ASAIO Trans 1990, 36:M327-M330.
129. Thompson GR LDL apheresis. Atherosclerosis 2003, 167(1):1-13.
130. Nakamura T, Ushi Yama C, Oscda S, et al. Effect of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on plasma endothelin-1 levels in diabetic hemodialysis patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. J Diabetes Complications 2003, 17(6):349-354.
131. Kojima S, Ogi M, Sugi T, et al. Changes in plasma levels of nitric oxide derivative during low-density lipoprotein apheresis. Ther Apher 1997, 1(4):356-361.
132. Schaumann D, Welch-Wichary M, Voss A, et al. Prospective cross-over comparisons of three low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis methods in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur J Clin Invest 1996, 26(11):1033-1038.
133. Julius U, Metzler W, Pietsch J, et al. Intraindividual comparison of two extracorporeal LDL apheresis methods: lipidfiltration and HELP. International Journal of Artif Organs 2002, 25(12):1180-1188.
134. Geiss HC, Parhofer KG, Donner MG, et al. Low-density lipoprotein apheresis by membrane differential filtration (cascade filtration). Ther Apher 1999, 3(3):199-202.
135. Blaha M Adhesive selectin molecules MCP-1 and endothelin-1 during long-lasting LDL-apheresis in familial hyperlipoproteinemia. Ther Apher 2005, 9(3):A29.
136. Spieker LE, Ruschitzka F, Badimon JJ, et al. Shear stress-dependent platelet function after LDL cholesterol apheresis. Thromb Res 2004, 113(6):395-398.