Deaths and injuries to Grey-headed Flying-foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus shot at an orchard near Sydney, New South Wales

Australian Zoologist

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 698-710

  Divljan, Anja ^a   Parry Jones, Kerryn ^a   Eby, Peggy ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b NONE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Flying fox; Humane killing; Orchard; Pteropus poliocephalus; Shooting

Indexed keywords

CANID; CAUSE OF DEATH; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HUNTING; INJURY; ORCHARD; SEX RATIO; VULNERABILITY; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

AUSTRALIA; NEW SOUTH WALES; SYDNEY [NEW SOUTH WALES];

ANIMALIA; PTEROPODIDAE; PTEROPUS POLIOCEPHALUS;

EID: 81755187616     PISSN: 00672238     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7882/AZ.2011.022     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. AWAC. 2008. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee's Recommendations. Advice to the Minister for Primary Industries and Fisheries, The Honourable Tim Mulherin Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (Qld) Queensland.
2. Battin, J. 2004. When good animals love bad habitats: Ecological traps and the conservation of animal populations. Conservation Biology 18:1482-1491. (Pubitemid 39651339)
3. Bellamy, T., BVSc (Hons), DipWMEH, MENVSc, CAM. 2008. Interim Report on Non-fatal Shooting Injuries Affecting Grey-headed Flying-foxes.
4. Biel, E. 2002. The cost to orchardists in the management of the Grey-headed Flying-fox. Who pays? A community benefit approach. Pages 47-52 in Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox as a Threatened Species in New South Wales, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney.. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW.
5. Booth, C. 2007. Animal Welfare Implications of Flying-fox Control in Orchards by Shooting: A Response to Questions by the Animal Welfare Advisory Committee. Queensland Conservation Council, Queensland.
6. Delibes, M., Gaona, P., and Ferreras, P. 2001. Effects of an attractive sink leading into maladaptive habitat selection. The American Naturalist 158:277-285. (Pubitemid 32792197)
7. Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW). 2007. Annual Report on Licences issued under the DECC Policy and Procedural Guidelines for the Mitigation of Commercial Crop Damage by Flying-foxes for the 2006-07 Fruit Growing Season Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW), Hurstville, NSW
8. Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW). 2008. Draft National Recovery Plan for the Grey-headed Flyingfox Pteropus poliocephalus. Prepared by Dr Peggy Eby. Department of Environment and Climate Change, NSW Sydney.
9. Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW). 2005. DEC Policy for the Mitigation of Damage to Commercial Fruit Crops by Flying-foxes, Updated June 2005. Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), Hurstville, NSW
10. Department of Environment Climate Change and Water (NSW). 2010. The NPWS commercial crop damage mitigation policy. Available from: . Accessed: 25 February, 2009.
11. Department of Primary Industries (NSW). 2005. Humane pest animal control: Code of Practice and Standard Operating Procedures. Available from: . Accessed: 04 November, 2009.
12. Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts. 2009. Biodiversity-Threatened species: Recovery plans. Available from: . Accessed: 25 November, 2009.
13. Dickman, C. R. and Fleming, M. 2002. Pest, or passenger pigeon? The New South Wales Scientific Committee's assessment of the status of the Grey-headed Flying-fox. Pages 20-28 in Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox as a Threatened Species in New South Wales, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney.. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW.
14. Divljan, A. 2008. Population ecology of the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus: A study on the age-structure and the effects of mortality on a vulnerable species. PhD thesis. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
15. Divljan, A., Parry-Jones, K., and Wardle, G. M. 2006. Age determination in the Grey-headed flying fox. Journal of Wildlife Management 70:607-611. (Pubitemid 43736931)
16. Duverge, P. L., Jones, G., Rydell, J., and Ransome, R. D. 2000. Functional significance of emergence timing in bats. Ecography 23:32-40. (Pubitemid 30167950)
17. Eby, P. 1991a. "Finger-winged night workers"; managing forests to conserve the role of Grey-headed Flying-foxes as pollinators and seed dispersers. Pages 91-100 in D. Lunney, editor. Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW
18. Eby, P. 1991b. Seasonal movements of Gray-headed Flyingfoxes, Pteropus poliocephalus (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae), from two maternity camps in northern New-South-Wales. Wildlife Research 18:547-559.
19. Eby, P. 1999. Low reproductive output in Grey-headed Flyingfoxes associated with a short period of food scarcity. Australasian Bat Society Newsletter 14:17-20.
20. Eby, P. and Lunney, D. 2002. Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus as a threatened species: A context for the debate. Pages 1-15 in Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox as a Threatened Species in NSW, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney,. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW
21. Fleming, M. and Dang, H. 2009. A presentation to the DECC Review Panel on: the issues for the horticultural industry with respect to flying-fox damage, including Grey-headed Flying-foxes in orchards project.
22. Gopalan, P. 2004. Food preference of the grey-headed flyingfox Pteropus poliocephalus. Honours thesis. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
23. Hall, L. S. and Richards, G. 2000. Flying Foxes: Fruit and Blossom Bats of Australia. University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
24. Jones, K. E., Purvis, A., and Gittleman, J. L. 2003. Biological correlates of extinction risk in bats. The American Naturalist 161:601-614. (Pubitemid 36509028)
25. Martin, L. and McIlwee, A. P. 2002. The reproductive biology and intrinsic capacity for increase of the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus (megachiroptera), and the implications of culling. Pages 91-108 in Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox as a Threatened Species in New South Wales, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW.
26. Martin, L., Towers, P. A., McGuckin, M. A., Little, L., Luckhoff, H., and Blackshaw, A. W. 1987. Reproductive biology of flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Australian Mammalogy 10:115-118.
27. McIlwee, A. P. and Martin, L. 2002. On the intrinsic capacity for increase of Australian flying-foxes (Pteropus spp. Megachiroptera). Australian Zoologist 32:76-100. (Pubitemid 35181772)
28. McLachlan, B. 2002. NPWS Operational management of commercial crop damage by flying-foxes - licensing in practice a far north coast perspective. Pages 80-83 in Managing the Greyheaded Flying-fox as a Threatened Species in New South Wales, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney.. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW.
29. Nelson, J. E. 1965. Behaviour of Australian Pteropodidae (Megachiroptera). Animal Behaviour 13:544-557.
30. NHMRC. 2004. Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes, 7th edition. NHMRC - National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra, ACT
31. O'Brien, G. M. 1993. Seasonal reproduction in flying foxes, reviewed in the context of other tropical mammals. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 5:499-521. (Pubitemid 2031334)
32. Parry-Jones, K. 1993. The movements of Pteropus poliocephalus in New South Wales. PhD thesis. University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales.
33. Parry-Jones, K. 2000. Historical declines since the early 1900s, and current mortality factors and abundance of the Grey-headed Flyingfoxes in NSW Pages 56-65 in Proceedings of a Workshop to Assess the Status of the Grey-headed Hying-fox in New South Wales.
34. Parry-Jones, K. and Augee, M. L. 1991. Food selection by Grey-headed Flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) occupying a summer colony site near Gosford, New-South-Wales. Wildlife Research 18:111-124.
35. Parry-Jones, K. and Augee, M. L. 2001. Factors affecting the occupation of a colony site in Sydney, New South Wales by the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus (Pteropodidae). Austral Ecology 26:47-55. (Pubitemid 33719669)
36. Quinn, G. P. and Keough, M. J. 2002. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
37. Ratcliffe, F. N. 1931. The flying fox (Pteropus) in Australia. Bulletin of CSIRO 53:1-80.
38. Read, A. F. and Harvey, P. H. 1989. Life history differences among the eutherian radiations. Journal of Zoology (London) 219:329-353. (Pubitemid 20423430)
39. Smith, A. 2007. Population composition and feeding ecology of the grey-headed flying fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera) in the Sydney region. Honours thesis. University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
40. Stace, P. 1996. Protein content and amino acid profiles of honeybee-collected pollens. Available from: . Accessed: 03 March, 2009.
41. Steller, D. C. 1986. The dietary energy and nitrogen requirements of the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus (Temminck) (Megachiroptera). Australian Journal of Zoology 34:339-350.
42. Tidemann, C., Eby, P., Parry-Jones, K., and Vardon, M. 1999. Grey-headed Flying Fox in A. Duncan, B. Baker, and N. Montgomery, editors. The Action Plan for Australian Bats. Natural Heritage Trust, Canberra, ACT.
43. Tidemann, C. R., Kelson, S. L., and Jamieson, G. 1997. Flying-fox damage to orchard fruit in Australia - incidence, extent and economic impact. Australian Biologist 10:179-186.
44. Ullio, L. 2002. To net or not to net that is the question! But is it the answer? Pages 70-76 in Managing the Grey-headed Flyingfox as a Threatened Species in New South Wales, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney.. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW.
45. Wahl, D. E. 1994. The management of flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) in New South Wales. Degree of Master of Applied Science. University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT.
46. Waples, K. 2002. Review of the NPWS policy on the mitigation of commercial crop damage by flying-foxes. Pages 39-46 in Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox as a Threatened Species in New South Wales, edited by P. Eby and D. Lunney.. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, NSW
47. Webb, N. J. and Tidemann, C. R. 1996. Mobility of Australian flying-foxes, Pteropus spp (Megachiroptera): Evidence from genetic variation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London - Series B: Biological Sciences 263:497-502.
48. Welbergen, J. A. 2005. The social organisation of the greyheaded flying-fox, P poliocephalus. PhD thesis. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
49. Woodhead, A., Biel, E., O'Shannessy, D. S., and Martin, L. 2009. NSW Flying-fox Licensing Review Panel Report to Landscapes and Ecosystems Conservation Branch, NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change. Available from: http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/threatenedspecies/ NSWflyingfoxreview.pdf Accessed: 16 November, 2009.