Decreasing oxidative stress and retarding the aging process

Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Retarding the Aging Process

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-210

  Poljsak, Borut ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

^b Laboratory for Oxidative Stress Research   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 81555202553     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (471)

1. Adachi, S; Kawamura, K; Takemoto, K. Oxidative damage of nuclear DNA in liver of rats exposed to psychological stress. Cancer Research, 1993, 53, 4153-4155.
2. Afanas’ev, IB; Dorozhko, AI; Brodskii, AV; Kostyuk, VA; Potapovitch, AI. Chelating and free radical scavenging mechanisms of inhibitory action of rutin and quercetin in lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1998, 38, 1763-9.
3. Agarwal, S; Sohal, RS. “Relationship between susceptibility to protein oxidation, aging, and maximum life span potential of different species.” Experimental Gerontology, 1996, 31, 365-372.
4. Agarwal, S; Sohal, RS. Aging and protein oxidative damage. Mech. Ageing Dev, 1994, 75, 11-19.
5. Aggarwal, BB; Shishodia, S. “Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer.” Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 71, 1397-421.
6. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Milk thistle: effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects. Summary, evidence report/technology assessment: number 21, September 2000.
7. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. “A randomized, placebocontrolled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotine for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9,” Arch. Ophthalmol, 2001, 119, 1439-52.
8. Alessio, HM. Oxidative stress across the exercise continuum. In: Oxidative stress, exercise and aging. (Eds: Alessio HM and Hagerman, AE.). Imperial College Press, London, 2006.
9. Amara, CE; Shankland, EG; Jubrias, SA; Marcinek, DJ; Kushmerick, MJ; Conley, KE. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling impacts cellular aging in human muscles in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2007, 1631-1635.
10. Ames, BN; Shigenaga, M; Hagen, MT. Oxidants, antioxidants and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1993, 17: 7915-22.
11. Andersen, HR; Jeune, B; Nybo, H; Nielsen, JB; Andersen-Ranberg, K; Grandjean, P. “Low activity of superoxide dismutase and high activity of glutathione reductase in erythrocytes from centenarians.” Age Ageing, 1998, 27, 643-8.
12. Anderson, RM; Bitterman, KJ; Wood, JG; Medvedik, O; Sinclair, DA. Nicotinamide and Pnc 1 govern lifespan extension by calorie restriction in S. cerevisiae, Nature, 2003, 432, 181-185.
13. Anupam, B. Cancer Prevention and Treatment with Resveratrol: From Rodent Studies to Clinical Trials, Cancer Prevention Research, 2, 2009, 58-60.
14. Arble, DA; Bass, J; Laposky, AD; Vitaterna, MH, Turek, FW. Circadian Timing of Food Intake Contributes to Weight Gain. Obesity, 2009, 2010-20102.
15. Arking, R. The biology of aging, observations and principles. Third edition. Oxford University Press, New York, 2006.
16. Arora, RB; Basu, N; Kapoor, V; Jain, AP. Anti-inflammatory studies on Curcuma-longa (turmeric). Ind. J. Med. Res., 1971, 59, 1289-95.
17. Ashburner, M; Bonner, JJ. The induction of gene activity in Drosophila by heat shock. Cell, 1979, 17, 241-254.
18. Aubrey, DNJ. “Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations.” Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology, 1, 2007.
19. Austad, SN; Fischer, KE. Mammalian aging, metabolism, and ecology: evidence from the bats and marsupials. Journal of gerontology biological sciences, 1991, 46, B47
20. Azzi, A. “Molecular mechanism of alpha-tocopherol action.” Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2007, 43, 16-21.
21. Babior, BM., Woodman, RD. Chronic granulomatous disease. Semin. Hematol, 1990, 27, 247-259.
22. Balantine, J. Pathology of oxygen toxicity. Academic press: New York, 1982.
23. Bandy, B; Davison, AJ. Mitochondrial mutations may increase oxidative stress: implications for carcinogenesis and aging? Free Radical Biol. Med., 1990, 8, 523-539.
24. Barbieri Et, M; Rizzo, MR; Manzella, D; Grella, R; Ragno, E; Carbonella, M; Abbatecola AM; Paolisso, G. Glucose modulation and oxidative stress in healthy centenarianws. Exp. Gerontol., 2003, 38, 137-143.
25. Barger J.L., et al. A Low Dose of Dietary Resveratrol Partially Mimics Caloric Restriction and Retards Aging Parameters in Mice, Plose One, 2008, 3, 1-10.
26. Barger, JL; Kayo, T; Vann, JM; Arias, EB; Wang, J. A Low Dose of Dietary Resveratrol Partially Mimics Caloric Restriction and Retards Aging Parameters in Mice. Plos One, 3, 64-71.
27. Barja, G. Endogenous oxidative stress: relationship to aging, longevity and caloric restriction. Ageing Res. Rev., 2002, 1, 397-411.
28. Barja, G; Herrero, A. “Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is inversely related to maximum lifespan in the heart and brain of mammals.” The Faseb Journal, 2000, 14, 312-318.
29. Barja, G. Endogenous oxidative stress: relationship to aging, longevity, and caloric restriction. Ageing Res. Rev, 2002, 1, 397-411
30. Barros, MH; Bandy, B; Tahara, EB; Kowaltowski, AJ. Higher Respiratory Activity Decreases Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Release and Increases Life Span in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem, 2004, 279, 49883-8.
31. Bases, R; Franklin, WA; Moy, T; Mendez, F. Enhanced expression repair activity in mammalian cell after ionizing radiation. Int. J. Radiat. Biol, 1992; 62, 427-441.
32. Baur, JA; Pearson, KJ; Price, NL. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet. Nature, 2006, 444, 337-342.
33. Bayne, S; Liu, JP. Hormones and growth factors regulate telomerase activity in aging and cancer. Mol. Cell Endocrinol., 2005, 240, 11-22.
34. Beckman, KB; Ames, BN. The free radical theory of aging matures. Physiol. Rev, 1998, 78, 547-581.
35. Beard, J. Dietary iron intakes and elevated iron stores in the elderly: is it time to abandon the set-point hypothesis of regulation of iron absorption? Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2002, 76, 1189-90.
36. Best, B. http://www.benbest.com/lifeext/aging.html#mitochondria.
37. Beyer, W; ImLay, J; Fridovich, I. Superoxide dismutases. Prog. Nucl. Acid Res, 40: 221-253.
38. Bjelakovic, G; Nikolova, D; Gluud, L; Simonetti, R; Gluud, C. “Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” Jama, 2007, 8, 842-57.
39. Bjelakovic, G; Nikolova, D; Simonetti, RG; Gluud, C. Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev, 2004, 4.
40. Bjelakovic, G; Nikolova, D; Simonetti, RG; Gluud, C. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 2004, 364, 1219-28.
41. Bokov, A; Chaudhuri, A; Richardson A. The role of oxidative damage and stress in aging. Mech. Ageing Dev, 2004, 125, 811-826.
42. Bonnefoy, M; Drai, J; Kostka, T. Antioxidants to slow aging, facts and perspectives. Presse Med., 2002, 31, 1174-84.
43. Boothby, LA; Doering, PL. “Vitamin C and vitamin E for Alzheimer’s disease.” Ann. Pharmacother, 2005, 39, 2073-80.
44. Borrelli, F; Maffia, P; Pinto, L; Ianaro, A; Russo, A; Capasso, F; Ialenti, A. Phytochemical compounds involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis extract. Fitoterapia, 2002, 73, 53-63.
45. Bowen, RL; Atwood, CS. “Living and dying for sex. A theory of aging based on the modulation of cell cycle signaling by reproductive hormones.” Gerontology, 2004, 50, 265-90.
46. Bowler, C; Slooten, L; Vandenbranden, S; De Rycke, R; Botterman, J; Sybesma, C; Van Montagu, M; Inze, D. Manganese superoxide dismutase can reduce cellular damage mediated by oxygen radicals in transgenic plants. Embo J., 1991, 10, 1723-32.
47. Braeckman, BP; Houthoofd, K; Vanfleteren, JR. Insulin-like signaling, metabolism, stress resistance and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mechanisms of Aging &Development, 2001, 122, 673-693.
48. Bravo, L. Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutrition Reviews, 1998, 56, 317-333.
49. Brown, QK. Theories of aging. 1988. http://www.cryonet.org/cgibin/dsp.cgi?msg=28.
50. Brunk, UT; Jones, CB; Sohal, RS. A novel hypothesis of lipofuscinogenesis and cellular aging based on interaction between oxidative stress and autophagocitosis. Mutat Res, 1992, 275, 395-403.
51. Brunk, UT; Terman, A. The mitochondrial-lysosomal axis theory of aging: accumulation of damaged mitochondria as a result of imperfect autophagocytosis. Eur. J. Biochem., 2002, 269, 1996-2002.
52. Busse, EW. Theory and Therapeutics of Aging. Medcom Press, New York, 1973.
53. Caraballoso, M; Sacristan, M; Serra, C; Bonfill, X. Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003, 2.
54. Carr, A; Frei, B. Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? Faseb. J. 13, 1999, 1007-1024.
55. Cheeseman, KH; Slater, TF. An introduction to free radical biochemistry. Br. Med. Bull, 1993, 49, 481-493.
56. Chen, D; Guarente, L. SIR2: a potential target for calorie restriction mimetics. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2007, 13, 64-71.
57. Chen, E.I. Adaptation of energy metabolism in breast cancer brain metastases. Cancer Res., 2007, 67, 1472-1486.
58. Chen, LH; Lowry, SR. 1989. Cellular antioxidant defense system. In: Dietary restriction and Aging, Alan, RL, Inc. New York, 247-256.
59. Chen, Q; Fischer, A; Reagan, JD; Yan, LJ; Ames, BN. Oxidative DNA damage and senescence of human diploid fibroblast cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 1995, 92, 4337-4341.
60. Cherubini, A; Vigna, G; Zuliani, G; Ruggiero, C; Senin, U; Fellin, R. “Role of antioxidants in atherosclerosis: epidemiological and clinical update.” Curr. Pharm. Des, 2005, 11, 2017-32.
61. Chiba, T; Yamaza, H; Higami, Y; Shimokawa, I. Anti-aging effects of caloric restriction: Involvement of neuroendocrine adaptation by peripheral signaling. Microscopy Research and Technique, 2002, 59, 317-24.
62. Childs, A; Jacobs, C; Kaminski, T; Halliwell, B; Leeuwenburgh, C. Supplementation with vitamin C and.V-acetyl-cysteineincreasesoxidative stressin humansafter an acutemuscle injury inducedby eccentricexercise. FreeRadic. Biol. Mcd., 2001, 31, 745-153.
63. Cho, E; Seddon, JM; Rosner, B; Willett, WC; Hankinson, SE. Prospective study of intake of fruits, vegetables, vitamins, and carotenoids and risk of age-related maculopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol., 2004, 122, 883-92.
64. Chung, HY; Sung, B; Jung, KJ; Zou, Y; Yu, BP. The molecular inflammatory process in aging. Antioxid. Redox. Signal., 2006, 8, 572-581.
65. Colbert, LH. Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 2004, 1098-104.
66. Comfort, A. Effect of ethoxyquin on the longevity of C3H mice. Nature, 1971, 229, 254-255.
67. Cohen, L; Marshall, GD; Cheng, L; Agarwal, SK; Wei, Q. DNA repair capacity in healthy medical students during and after exam stress. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2000, 23 (6), 531-544.
68. Congdon, JD; Nagle, RD; Kinney, OM; van Loben Sels, RC. Hypotheses of aging in a long-lived vertebrate, Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii). Exp. Gerontol, 2001, 36, 813-827.
69. Congdon, JD; Nagle, RD; Kinney, OM; van Loben Sels, RC; Quinter, T; Tinkle, DW. Testing hypotheses of aging in long-lived painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Exp. Gerontol, 2003, 38, 765-772.
70. Cook, NC; Samman, S. Flavonoids-Chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 1996, 7, 66-76.
71. Cook, R; Calabrese, E.J. “The Importance of Hormesis to Public Health.” Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006, 114, 1631-1635.
72. Cook, CI; Yu, BP. Iron accumulation in aging: modulation by dietary restriction. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 1998, 102, 1-13.
73. Corder, EH; Saunders, AM; Strittmatter, WJ; Schmechel, DE; Gaskell, PC; Small, GW. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families. Science, 1993, 261, 921-3.
74. Cortopassi, GA; Wang, E. “There is substantial agreement among interspecies estimates of DNA repair activity.” Mechanisms of Aging and Development, 1996, 91, 211-218.
75. Corder, R.; Mullen, W.; Khan, N.Q.; Marks, S.C.; Wood, E.G.; Carrier, M.J.; Crozier, A. Oenology: red wine procyanidins and vascular health. Nature, 2006, 444 566.
76. Costa, V; Moradas-Ferreira, P. Oxidative stress and signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: insights into ageing, apoptosis and diseases. Mol. Aspects Med., 2001, 22, 217-246.
77. Cutler, RG. Peroxide-producing potential of tissues: inverse correlation with longevity of mammalian species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1985, 82, 4798-4802.
78. Cypser, JR; Johnson, TE. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2002, 57, B109-B114.
79. D’Almeida V, Lobo LL, Hipólide DC, de Oliveira AC, Nobrega JN, Tufik S. Sleep deprivation induces brain region-specific decreases in glutathione levels. Neuroreport., 1998 Aug 24; 9(12): 2853-6.
80. Davies, KJ. Oxidative stress: the paradox of aerobic life. Biochem. Soc. Symp., 1995, 61, 1-31.
81. De Diego-Otero, Y; Romero-Zerbo, Y; el Bekay, R; Decara, J; Sanchez, L; Rodriguez-de Fonseca, F; del Arco-Herrera, I. “Alpha-tocopherol protects against oxidative stress in the fragile X knockout mouse: an experimental therapeutic approach for the Fmr1 deficiency.” Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, 34, 1011-26.
82. De Grey, ADNJ. Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Mitochondrial Matrix: Implications for the Mechanism of Mitochondrial Mutation Accumulation. Rejuvenation Res. 2005, 8(1), 13-7.
83. De Grey, ADNJ; Rae, M. Ending Aging. New York, St. Martin’s Griffin, 2007.
84. De Magalhaes, JP; Church, GM. Cells discover fire: employing reactive oxygen species in development and consequences for aging. Exp. Gerontol., 2006, 41, 1-10.
85. Demetrius, L. Aging in mouse and human systems: a comparative study. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2006, 1067, 66-82.
86. Dhahbi, JM; Kim, HJ; Mote, PL; Beaver, RJ; Spindler, SR. Temporal linkage between the phenotypic and genomic responses to caloric restriction. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101, 5524-5529.
87. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. A report of the panel on dietary antioxidants and related comounds, Subcomitees on upper reference levels of nutrients and interpretation and uses of dietary reference intakes, and the standing comitee on the scientific evaluation of dietary reference intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. http:books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9810.
88. Dickson, RA; Paiva, NL. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant cell, 1995, 7, 1085-1097.
89. Dirks, AJ; Leeuwenburgh, C. Calorie restriction in humans: potential pitfalls and health concerns. Mech. Ageing Dev., 2006, 127, 1-7.
90. Duffy, P; Feuers, RJ; Leaky, JFA; Hart, RW. Chronic caloric restriction in old female mice: changes in the circadian rhythms and physiological and behavioral parameters. In: Biological effects of caloric restriction. Fishbein, L. Ed. New York: Springer, 1987.
91. Echtay, KS; Murphy, MP; Smith, RA; Talbot, DA; Brand, MD. Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncupling protein 2 from the matrix side. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 47129-47135.
92. Eisenberg, T.; Knauer, H.; Schauer, A.; Buttner, S.; Ruckenstuhl, C.; Carmona-Gutierrez, D.; Ring, J.; Schroeder, S.; Magnes, C.; Antonacci, L.; Fussi, H.; Deszcz, L.; Hartl, R.; Schraml, E.; Criollo, A.; Megalou, E.; Weiskopf, D.; Laun, P.; Heeren, G.; Breitenbach, M.; Grubeck-Loebenstein, B.; Herker, E.; Fahrenkrog, B.; Frohlich, K.U.; Sinner, F.; Tavernarakis, N.; Minois, N.; Kroemer, G.; Madeo, F. Induction of autophagyby spermidine promotes longevity, Nat. Cell Biol., 2009, 11, 1305-1314.
93. Elosua, R; Demissie, S; Cupples, LA; Meigs, JB; Wilson, PW; Schaefer, EJ; Corella, D; Ordovas, JM. Obesity modulates the association among APOE genotype, insulin, and glucose in man. Obes. Res., 2003, 11, 1502-1508.
94. Enerbäck, S. The origins of brown adipose tissue. N. Engl. J. Med., 2009, 360 (19): 2021-2023.
95. Epel, ES; Blackburn, EH; Lin, J; Dhabhar, FS; Adler, NE; Morrow, JD; Cawthorn, RM. Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004, 101, 17312-17315.
96. Epstein, J; Gershon, D. Studies on aging in nematodes, IV. The effect of antioxidants on cellular damage and lifespan. Mech.Ageing Dev., 1972, 1, 257-264.
97. Eskiocak, S; Gozen, AS; Yapar, SB; Tavas, F; Kilic, AS; Eskiocak, M. Glutathione and free sulphydryl content of seminal plasma in healthy medical students during and after exam stress. Hum. Reprod., 2005, 20(9), 2595-600.
98. Evans, MD; Dizdaroglu, M; Cooke, MS. Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance. Mutat. Res., 2004, 567, 1-61.
99. Evans, EM; Racette, SB; Peterson, LR; Villareal, DT; Greiwe, JS; Holloszy, JO. Aerobic power and insulin action improve in response to endurance exercise training in healthy 77-87 yr olds. J. Appl. Physiol., 2005 98, 40-45.
100. Everson; CA; Laatsch, CD; Hogg, N. Antioxidant defense responses to sleep loss and sleep recovery. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2005, 288(2), R374-83.
101. Eyre, H; Kahn, R; Robertson, RM; ACS/ADA/AHACollaborative Writing Committee. Preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes: a common agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association. CA Cancer J. Clin., 2004, 54, 190-207.
102. Fang, Y.Z., Yang, S. & Wu, G.Y. Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition, 2002, 18, 872-879.
103. Ferrell, RE; Salamatina, NV; Dalakishvili, SM; Bakuradze, NA; Chakraborty, R. A population genetic study in the Ochamchir region, Abkhazia, SSR. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 1985, 66, 63-71.
104. Finch, CE. The biology of human longevity. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007.
105. Finkel, T; Nikki, J. Holbrook. Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature, 2000, 408, 239-247.
106. Fleming, DJ; Tucker, KL; Jacques, PF; Dallal, GE; Wilson, PW; Wood, RJ. Dietary factors associated with the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2002, 76, 1375-84.
107. Florez-Duquet, M; McDonald, RB. Cold-induced thermoregulation and biological aging. Physiol. Rev, 1998, 78, 339-58.
108. Floyd, RA. Measurement of oxidative stress in vivo. In: The Oxygen paradox. Cleup University Press. Padova, 1995, 89-103.
109. Fontaine, KR; Redden, DT; Wang, C; Westfall, AO; Allison, DB. Years of life lost due to obesity. Jama, 2003, 289, 187-93.
110. Fontana, L; Klein, S. Aging, Adiposity, and Calorie Restriction. Jama, 2007, 297, 986-994.
111. Fontella, FU; Siqueira, IR; Vasconcellos, AP; Tabajara, AS; Netto, CA; Dalmaz, C. Repeated restraint stress induces oxidative damage in rat hippocampus. Neurochem. Res., 2005, 30(1), 105-11.
112. Forlenza, MJ; Latimer, JJ; Baum, A. The Effects of Stress on DNA Repair. Psychology and Health: An International Journal, 2000, 15, 881-981.
113. Forlenza, MJ. Relationship between psychological stress and oxidative stressin victims of motor vehicle accidents. Doctor’s dissertation. University of Pittsburgh, 2002.
114. Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization: Fruit and Vegetables for Health: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Workshop, 1-3 September 2004, Kobe, Japan.
115. Food and Drug Administration. November 1-3. FDA Conference on Antioxidant Vitamins and Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. Washington. DC: Office of Special Nutritionals, 1993.
116. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. World Cancer Research Fund. http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/. 2007.
117. Forman, HJ; Boveris, A. Superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria. In: Pryor, E. Free Radicals in Biology. New York: Academic Press, 1982, 65-90.
118. Fraga, C.G.; Oteiza, P.I. Iron toxicity and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology, 2002, 180, 23-32.
119. Frei, B. On the role of vitamin C and other antioxidants in atherogenesis and vascular dysfunction. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1999, 222, 196-204.
120. Frei, B. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant vitamins: mechanisms of action. Am. J. Med., 1994, 97: 5-13.
121. Frye, RA. Phylogenetic classification of prokaryotic and eucaryotic Sir2-like proteins. Biochemical & Biophysical Researc Communications, 2000, 273, 793-798.
122. Friedberg, EC; McDaniel, LD; Schultz, RA. DNA repair and mutagenesis. ASM Press, Washington, 1995.
123. Fuchs J, Milbradt R. Antioxidant inhibition of skin inflammation induced by reactive oxidants. Skin Pharmacol., 1994, 7, 278-84.
124. Gao, P. HIF-dependent antitumorigenic effect of antioxidants in vivo. Cancer Cell, 2007, 12, 230-238.
125. Gems, D; Partridge, L. “Stress-Response Hormesis and Aging: ‘That which Does Not Kill Us Makes Us Stronger.'" Cell Metabolism, 2008, 7, 200-203.
126. Gianni, P; Jan, KJ; Douglas, MJ; Stuart, PM; Tarnopolsky, MA. Oxidative stress and the mitochondrial theory of aging in human skeletal muscle. Exp. Gerontol, 2004, 39, 1391-1400.
127. Gilbert, DL. Oxygen and living processes: an interdisciplinary approach. Springer Verlag: New York, 1981.
128. Gilca, M; Stoian, I; Atanasiu, V; Virgolici, B. The oxidative hypothesis of senescence. J. Postgrad. Med., 2007, 53-62.
129. Girondot, M; Garcia, J. Senescence and longevity in turtles: What telomeres tell us. In.: Miaud, C; Guyétant, R. 9th Extraordinary Meeting of the Europea Societas Herpetologica, Chambéry, France, 1999, 25-29.
130. Goodrick, CL. Effects of long-term voluntary wheel exercise on male and female Wistar rats. Gerontology, 1980, 26, 22-23.
131. Golden, T; Morten, K; Johnson, F; Samper, E; Melov, S. Mitochondria: A critical role in aging. In: Handbook of the biology of aging. 6th edition. Ed: Masoro, EJ; Austad, S. Elsevier, 2006.
132. Goldhammer, E; Tanchilevitch A, Maor, I; Beniamini, Y; Rosenchein, U; Sagiv, M. Exercise training modulates cytokinesactivity in coronary heart disease patients. Int. J. Cardiol., 2005, 100, 93-99.
133. Goldsmith, T. Aging, evolvability, and the individual benefit requirement; medical implications of aging theory controversies. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2008, 764-768.
134. Gonzalez, MJ; Miranda-Massari, JR; Mora, EM; Guzman, A; Riordan, NH; Riordan, HD; Casciari, JJ; Jackson, JA Roman-Franco, A. Orthomolecular oncology review: ascorbic acid and cancer 25 years later. Integr. Cancer Ther., 2005, 4, 32-44.
135. Goswami, A; Dikshit, P; Mishra, A; Mulherkar, S; Nukina, N; Jana, NR. Oxidative stress promotes mutant huntingtin aggregation and mutant huntingtin-dependent cell death by mimicking proteasomal malfunction. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006, 342, 184-190.
136. Góth, L. A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range. Clinica Chimica Acta, 1991, 196, 143-151.
137. Goto, S; Radak, Z; Nyakas, C; Chung, HY; Naito, H; Takahashi R; Nakamoto, H; Abea, R. Regular exercise: An effective means to reduce oxidative stress in old rats. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2004, 1019, 471-474.
138. Goto, S; Radak, Z; Takahasi, R. Biological implications of protein oxidation. In: Critical reviewv of oxidative stress and aging (Eds: Cutler, R and Rodriguez, H). World Scientific, New Jersey, 2003
139. Gredilla, R; Barja, G. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and caloric restriction. Advances in cell aging and gerontology, 2003, 14, 105-122.
140. Gredilla, R; Sanz, A; Lopez-Torres, M; Barja, G. Caloric restriction decreases mitochondrial free radical generation at complex I and lowers oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in the rat heart. Faseb J., 2001, 15, 1589-1591.
141. Green, GA. “Review: antioxidant supplements do not reduce all-cause mortality in primary or secondary prevention.” Evid. Based Med., 2008 13 (6): 177.
142. Gregory, SR; Piccolo, N; Piccolo, MT; Piccolo, MS; Heggers, JP. Comparison of propolis skin cream to silver sulfadiazine: A naturopathic alternative to antibiotics in treatment of minor burns. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 2002, 8, 77-83.
143. Grootveld, M; Silwood, C; Claxson, AWD. NMR evaluation of thermallyinduced peroxidation in culinary oils. In: Rhodes CJ. Toxicology of the human environment. Tylor & Francis, London, 2000.
144. Grune, T; Reinheckel, T; Davies, KJ. Degradation of oxidised proteins in mammalian cells. Faseb. J., 1997, 11, 526-34.
145. Guarente, L; Picard, F; Calorie restriction-the SIR2connection. Cell, 2005, 120, 473-482.
146. Guemouri, L; Artur, Y; Herbeth, B; Jeandel, C; Cuny, G; Siest, G. Biological variability of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in blood. Clin. Chem., 1991, 37, 1932-1937.
147. Hagen, JL; Krause, DJ; Baker, DJ; Fu, MH; Tarnopolsky, MA; Hepple, RT. Skeletal muscle aging in F344BN F1-hybrid rats: I. mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the age-associated reduction in CO2max. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2004, 59, 1099-1110.
148. Hagen, TM. Oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and the aging process. Antioxid. Redox Signal, 5: 503-506, 2003.
149. Halliwell, B. Oxidants and human disease: some new concepts. Faseb J., 1987, 1, 358-3649.
150. Halliwell, B. Vitamin C and genomic stability. Mutat Res., 2000, 475, 29-35.
151. Halliwell, B. Vitamin C: poison, prophylatic or panacea? Trends Biochem. Sci,. 1999, 24, 255-9.
152. Halliwell, B; Cross, CE. Oxygen-derived species: their role in human disease and environmental stress. Environ Health Perspect., 1994, 102, 5-12.
153. Halliwell, B; Gutteridge, J. Free radicals in biology and medicine, 3nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.
154. Halliwell, B; Gutteridge, JMC. Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochemical J., 1984, 219, 1-14.
155. Halvorsen, B.L; Holte, K; Myhrstad, M.C; Barikmo, I; Hvattum, E; Remberg, S.F; Wold, A.B; Haffner, K; Baugerod, H; Andersen, L.F; Moskaug, O; Jacobs, D.R; Blomhoff, R. A systematic screening of total antioxidants in dietary plants. J. Nutr., 2002, 132, 461-71.
156. Hakim, A; Petrovich H; Burchfiel, CM; Ross, GW; Rodriguez, BL; White, LR; Yano, K; Curb, JD; Abbott, RD. Effects of walking on mortality among non-smoking men. N. Engl. J. Med., 1998, 388, 94-99.
157. Hamilton, ML; Van Remmen, H; Drake, JA; Yang, H; Guo, ZM; Kewitt, K; Walter, CA; Richardson, A. Does oxidative damage to DNA increase with age? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2001, 98, 10469-10474.
158. Hardeland, R. “Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance.” Endocrine, 2005, 27, 119-30.
159. Harman, D. “A biologic clock: the mitochondria?" Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1972, 20, 145-147.
160. Harman, D. “Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry.” Journal of Gerontology, 1956, 11, 298-300.
161. Harman, D. Aging: overview. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2001, 928, 1-21.
162. Harman, D. Free radical theory of aging: effect of free radical inhibitors on the mortality rate of male LAf1 mice. Gerontol., 1968, 23, 476-482.
163. Havsteen, B.H. The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. Pharmacol. Ther., 2002, 96, 67-202.
164. Hawkes, J; Wang, E; Cochran, GM; Moyzis, R. Recent Acceleration of Human Adaptive Evolution. Proceedings of the National Accademy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104, 20753-20758.
165. Hayflick, L. The not-so-close relationship between biological aging and ageassociated pathologies in humans. J. Gerontol. Bio. Sci., 2004, 59, 547-550.
166. Hayflick, L; Moorhead, PS. “The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains.” Exp. Cell Res., 1961, 25, 585-621.
167. Hayflick, L. “The cell biology of aging.” Clin. Geriatr. Med., 1985, 1(1), 15-27.
168. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group “MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,356 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial” Lancet, 2002, 23-33.
169. Heilbronn, LK; de Jonge, L; Frisard, MI; DeLany, JP. Effect of six-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals. Jama, 2006; 295, 1539-1548.
170. Heppell, HCN. “Nutritional losses and gains during processing: future problems and issues.” Proc. Nutr. Soc., 2002, 61, 145-8.
171. Herbert, V. The antioxidant supplement myth. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1994, 60, 157-158.
172. Herman, D. Free radical involvement in aging: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Drugs Aging, 1993, 3, 60-80.
173. Herskind, AM; McGue, M; Holm, NV; Sorensen, TI; Harvald, B; Vaupel, JW. The heritability of human longevity: a population-based study of 2872 Danish twin pairs born 1870-1900. Hum. Genet., 1996, 97, 319-323.
174. Hertog, MG; Feskens, EJ; Hollman, PC; Katan, MB; Kromhout, D. Dietaryantioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen ElderlyStudy, Lancet, 1993, 342, 1007-1011.
175. Higami, Y; Pugh, TD; Page, GP; Allison, DB; Prolla, TA; Weindruch, R. Adipose tissue energy metabolism: altered gene expression profile of mice subjected to long-term caloric restriction. Faseb. J., 2004, 18, 415-417.
176. Hindhede, M. The effects of food restriction during war on mortality in Copenhagen. Jama, 1921, 74, 381-382.
177. Hollander, J; Fiebig, R; Gore, M; et al. Superoxide dismutase gene expression in skeletal muscle: fiber-specific adaptation to endurance training. Am J. Physiol. 1999, 277, R856-R862.
178. Holloszy, JO. The biology of aging. Mayo Clin. Proc., 2000, 75, 3-8.
179. Holliday, R. Food, reproduction and longevity: is the extended lifespan of calorie-restrictedanimals an evolutionary adaptation? Bioessays, 1989, 10, 125-127.
180. Horrum, MA; Harman, D; Tobin, RB. Free radical theory of ageing: effects of antioxidants on mitochondrial function. Age, 1987, 10, 58-61.
181. Howes, RM. The free radical fantasy: A panoply of paradoxes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2006, 1067, 22-6.
182. Humphries, KM; Szweda, PA; Szweda, LI. Aging: A shift from redox regulation to oxidative damage. Free Radic Res., 2006, 40, 1239-43.
183. Hutchinson, F. Chemical changes induced in DNA by ionizing radiation. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol,. 1985, 32, 115-154.
184. Imlay, J. “Pathways of oxidative damage.” Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 2003, 57, 395-418.
185. Ingram, DK; Zhu, M; Mamczarz, J. Calorierestriction mimetics: an emerging research field. AgingCell., 2006, 5, 97-108.
186. Ionescu, JG; Merk, M; Dowes, F. Clinical application of redox potential testing in the blood. Syllabus of 33rd AAEM Annual Meeting, Baltimore, USA, 1998, 503-512.
187. Ionescu, JG; Novotny, JS; Latsch, V; Blaurock-Busch, A; Eisenmann-Klein, M. Increased levels of transition metals in breast cancer tissue. Neuro Endocrinol. Lett., 2006, 27, 1, 36-9.
188. Irie, M; Asami, S; Nagata, S; Ikeda, M; Miyata, M; Kasai, H. Psychosocial factors as a potential trigger of oxidative DNA damage in human leukocytes. Japanese Journalof Cancer Research, 2001a, 92, 367-375.
189. Irie, M; Asami, S; Nagata, S; Miyata, M; Kasai, H. Classical conditioning ofoxidative DNA damage in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 2000, 288, 13-16.
190. Irie, M; Asami, S; Nagata, S; Miyata, M; Kasai, H. Relationships betweenperceived workload, stress and oxidative damage. International Archives ofOccupational and Environmental Health, 2001b, 74, 153-157.
191. Irie, M; Asami, S; Nagata, S; Miyata, M; Kasai, H. Psychological mediation of a type of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, in peripheral blood leukocytes of non-smoking and non-drinking workers. Psychother. Psychosom., 2002, 71(2), 90-6.
192. Ishii, N. “Oxidative stress and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans.” Free Radical Research, 2000, 33, 6, 857-64.
193. Ivshina, A.V. Genetic reclassification of histologic grade delineates new clinical subtypes of breast cancer. Cancer Res., 2006, 66, 10292-10301.
194. Iwasaki, K; Gleiser, CA; Masoro, EJ; McMahan, CA, Seo, EJ; Yu, BP. The influence of the dietary protein source on longevity and age-related disease processes of Fischer rats. Journal of gerontology, 1988, 43, B5-B12.
195. Izawa, S; Inoue, Y; Kimura, A. Oxidative stress respone in yeast: effect of glutathione on adaptation to hydrogen peroxide stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fabs Lett, 1995, 368, 73-76.
196. Jackson, AS; Sui, X; Hébert, JR; Church, TS; Blair, SN. Role of Lifestyle and Aging on the Longitudinal Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Arch. Intern. Med., 2009, 169(19),1781.
197. Jacobs, HT. The mitochondrial theory of aging: dead or alive? Aging cell, 2003, 2, 11.
198. Jamnik, P; Goranovic, D; Raspor, P. Antioxidative action of royal jelly in the yeast cell. Exp. Gerontol., 2007, 42, 594-600.
199. Jamnik, P; Raspor, P. Stress response of yeast Candida intermedia to Cr(VI). J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 2003, 17 316-23.
200. Jin, Y; Koizumi, A. Decreased cellular proliferation by energy restriction is recovered by increasing housing temperature in rats. Mech. Ageing and Development, 1994, 75, 59-67.
201. Ji, LL. Antioxidants and oxidative stress in exercise. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1999, 222, 283-292.
202. Johnson, TE. Recent results: biomarkers of aging. Exp. Gerontol., 2006, 41, 1243-1246.
203. Kagawa, Y. Impact of Westernization on the nutrition of Japanese: changes in physique, cancer, longevity and centenarians. Prev. Med., 1978, 7, 205-217.
204. Kaul, N; Forman, HJ. Reactive oxygen species in physiology and toxicology. In: Rhodes, CJ. Toxicology of the human environment. Tylor & Francis, London, 2000.
205. Kenyon, C. A conserved regulatory mechanisms of aging. Cell, 2001, 105, 165-168.
206. Kell, BD. Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0808/0808.1371.pdf. Accessed: 14.3. 2010.
207. Kelley, R; Ideker, T. “Genome-Wide Fitness and Expression Profiling Implicate Mga2 in Adaptation to Hydrogen Peroxide.” PLoS Genet. 5, 2009.
208. Keyer, K; Imlay, JA. Superoxide accelerates DNA damage by elevating freeiron levels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1996, 93, 13635-13640.
209. Khaw, KT; Wareham, N; Bingham, S; Welch, A; Luben, R; Day, N. Combined impact of health behaviours and mortality in men and women: the EPIC.
210. Kimata, H; Hirata, H. Redox regulation and cellular signaling. Cell signal, 1999, 11, 1-14.
211. King, DE; Mainous, AG; Carnemolla, M; Everett, C.J. The American Journal of Medicine, 2009, 6, 528-534.
212. Kirkwood, B; Mathers, JC. The basic biology of aging. In: Stanner, S; Thompson, R; Buttriss, J. Healthy aging-The role of nutrition and lifestyle. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
213. Kirkwood, TBL. Evolution of aging. Nature, 1997, 270, 301-304.
214. Kłapcińska, B; Derejczyk, J; Wieczorowska-Tobis, K; Sobczak, A; Sadowska-Krepa, E; Danch, A. “Antioxidant defense in centenarians (a preliminary study).” Acta Biochim. Pol., 2007, 47, 281-92.
215. Koizumi, A; Tsukada, M; Weindruch, W. Mitotic activity in mice suppressed by energy restriction-induced torpor. J. Nutr., 1992, 122, 1446-1455.
216. Kokkinos, A; W. le Roux, C; Alexiadou, K; Tentolouris, N; Royce P; Despoina, D; Kyriaki, DP, Ghatei, MA; Bloom, R.S; Katsilambros, N. Eating Slowly Increases the Postprandial Response of the Anorexigenic Gut Hormones, Peptide YY and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2009.
217. Kontush, K; Schekatolina, S. “Vitamin E in neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer’s disease.” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2004, 1031, 249-62.
218. Korshunov, SS; Skulachev, VP; Starkov, AA. High protonic potential actuates a mechanism of production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Febs. Lett., 1997, 416, 15-18.
219. Koster, JF; Sluiter, W. Is increased tissue ferritin a risk factor for atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease? Br. Heart J, 1995, 73, 208-9.
220. Kowald, A; Kirkwood, TB. Towards a network theory of aging: A model combining the free radical theory and the protein error theory. J. Theoret. Biol, 1994, 168, 75-94.
221. Kowald, A; Kirkwood, TB. A network theory of aging: The interactions of defective mitochondria, aberrant proteins, free radicals and scavengers in the aging process. Mutat. Res., 1996, 316, 209-236.
222. Krauss, S; Zhang, CY; Lowell, BB. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein homologues. Nat.Rev. Mol. Cell Biol, 2005, 6, 248-261.
223. Kregel, KC; Zhang, HJ. An integrated view of oxidative stress in aging: Basic mechanisms, functional effects and pathological considerations. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Physiol, 2007, 292, 18-36.
224. Ku, HH; Brunk, UT; Sohal, RS. Relationship between mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and longevity of mammalian species. Free Radical Biol. Med., 1993, 15, 621-627.
225. Kurapati, R; Passananti, HB; Rose, MR; Tower, J. Increased hsp22 RNA levels in Drosophila lines genetically selected for increased longevity. J. Gerontol. Biool. Sci. Med. Sci., 2000, 55, B552-B559.
226. Kurz, DJ; Decary, S; Hong, Y; Trivier, E; Akhmedov, A; Erusalimsky, JD. Chronic oxidative stress compromises telomere integrity and accelerates the onset of senescence in human endothelial cells. J. Cell Sci, 2004, 117, 2417, 2426.
227. Kuriyama, S; Shimazu, T; Ohmori, K; Kikuchi, N; Nakaya, N; Nishino, Y; Tsubono, Y; Tsuji, I. Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in Japan: the Ohsaki study. JAMA, 2006, 13, 296(10), 1255-65.
228. Lamming, DW; Wood, JG; Sinclair, DA. Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis. Molecular microbilogy, 2004, 53, 1003-1009.
229. Lane, MA; Baer, DJ; Rumpler, WV; Weindruch, R; Ingram, DK; Tilmont, EM; Cutler, RG; Roth, GS. Calorie restriction lowers body temperature in rhesus monkeys, consistent with a postulated anti-aging mechanism in rodents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1996, 93, 59-64.
230. Lane, N. Power, Sex, Suicide: Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life. Oxford University Press, 2006.
231. Larsen, P. “Aging and resistance to oxidative damage in Caenorhabditis elegans.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1993, 90, 19, 8905-9.
232. Le Bourg, E. Is caloric restriction a means of delaying ageing and increasing longevity? Presse Med., 2005, 34, 121-127.
233. Lee, DW; Yu, BP. Food restriction as an effective modulator of free radical metabolism in rats. Korean Biochem J., 1991, 24, 148-154.
234. Leeuwenburgh, C; Fiebig, R; Chandwaney, R; Ji, L. “Aging and exercise training in skeletal muscle: responses of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme systems.” Am. J. Physiol, 1994, 267, 439-45.
235. Leeuwenburgh, C; Heinecke, J. “Oxidative stress and antioxidants in exercise.” Curr. Med. Chem, 2001, 8, 829-38.
236. Levine, B.; Kroemer, G. Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease, Cell, 2008, 132 27-42.
237. Lin, YJ; Seroude, L; Benzer, S. Extended lifespan and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant methuselah. Science, 1998, 282, 943-946.
238. Liu, J. Immobilization stress causes oxidative damage to lipid, protein, and DNA in the brain of rats. Faseb J., 1996, 10, 1532-1538.
239. Li, WQ; Kuriyama, S; Li, Q; Nagai, M; Hozawa, A; Nishino, Y; Tsuji, I. Citrus consumption and cancer incidence: The Ohsaki Cohort Study. Int. J. Cancer, 2010, [Epub ahead of print].
240. Liu, RK; Walford, LR. Observations on the lifespans of several species of annualfish and of world’ s smallest fish. Exp. Gerontol., 1970, 5, 241-246.
241. Liu, RK; Walford, RL. The effect of lowered body temperature on lifespan and immune and non-immune processes. Gerontologia, 1972, 18, 363-388.
242. Liu, J; Wang, X; Shigenaga, M K; Yeo, HC; Mori, A; Ames, BN. Immobilization stress causes oxidative damage to lipid, protein, and DNA in the brains ofrats. The FASEB Journal, 1996, 10, 1532-1538.
243. Lithgow, GJ; Walker, G. Stress resistance as a determinate of C. elegans lifespan. Mech. Ageing Dev., 2002, 123, 765-771.
244. Ljungquist, B; Berg, S; Lanke, J; McClearn, GE; Pedersen, NL. The effect ofgenetic factors for longevity: a comparison of identical and fraternal twins in theSwedish Twin Registry. J. Gerontol.A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 1998, 53, 441-6.
245. López-Torres, M; Barja, G. Lowered methionine ingestion as responsible for the decrease in rodent mitochondrial oxidative stress in protein and dietary restriction: Possible implications for humans. BiochemicaetBiophysica Acta, 2008, 1780, 1337-1347.
246. Lopez-Torres, M; Gredilla, R; Sanz, A; Barja, G. Influence of aging and longterm caloric restriction on oxygen radical generation and oxidative DNA damage in rat liver mitochondria. Free Radic Biol. Med, 2002, 32, 882-889.
247. Lotito, SB; Frei, B. “Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon?" Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2006, 41, 1727-46.
248. Lui, J; Killilea, DW; Ames, BN. Age-associated mitochondrial oxidative decay: Improvement of carnitine acetyltransferase substrate-binding affinity and activity in brain by feeding old rats acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-a-lipoic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002, 99, 1876-1881.
249. Lunec J, Griffits HR. Measuring in vivo oxidative damage. New York: John Willey and Sons, Ltd.
250. Lushchak, VI. Oxidative stress and mechanisms of protection against it in bacteria. Biochemistry (Moscow), 2001, 66, 476-489.
251. Lutz, PL; Prentice, HM; Milton, SL. Is turtle longevity linked to enhanced mechanisms for surviving brain anoxia and reoxygenation? Exp. Gerontol, 2003, 38, 797-800.
252. Madvedev, ZA. An attempt at a rational classification of theories of ageing. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc, 1990, 65, 375-398.
253. Maiani, G; Periago Castón, MJ; Catasta, G. “Carotenoids: Actual knowledge on food sources, intakes, stability and bioavailability and their protective role in humans.” Mol. Nutr. Food Res, 2008, 53, 194-218.
254. Mandel, S; Amit, T; Bar-Am, O; Youdim, MB. Iron dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease: multimodal brain permeable iron chelating drugs, possessing neuroprotective-neurorescue and amyloid precursor proteinprocessing regulatory activities as therapeutic agents. Prog. Neurobiol., 2007, 82, 348-60.
255. Marnett, LJ. Oxyradicals and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis, 2000, 21, 361-370.
256. Martin, GM. Interaction of aging and environmental agents: The gerontological perspective. Prog. Clin. Bio. Res, 1987, 228, 25-80.
257. Martin, GM; Austad, SN; Johnson, TE. Genetic analysis of ageing: Role of oxidative damage and environmental stress. Nat. Genet, 1996, 13, 25-34.
258. Martínez-González, MA; García-López, M; Bes-Rastrollo, M; Toledo, E; Martínez-Lapiscina, EH; Delgado-Rodriguez, M; Vazquez, Z; Benito, S; Beunza, JJ. Mediterranean diet and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: A Spanish cohort. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2010, [Epub ahead of print].
259. Martindale, JL; Holbrook, NJ. Cellular response to oxidative stress: signaling for suicide and survival. J. Cell Physiol., 2002 192, 1-15.
260. Masoro, EJ. Dietary restriction and aging. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 1993, 41, 994-9.
261. Matsuo, M. Age-related alterations of antioxidant defense. In: Free radiclas in aging. (Ed: Yu, BP). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993.
262. Mattson, MP; Chan, SL; Duan, W. Modification of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders by genes, diet, and behaviour. Physiological Reviews, 2002, 82, 637-672.
263. Mazat, JP; Rossignol, R; Malgat, M; Rocher, C; Faustin, B; Letelliner, T. What do mitochondrial diseases teach us about normal mitochondrial functions… that we already knew: ehreshold expression of mitochondrial defects. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2001, 1504, 20
264. McCall, MR; Frei, B. Can antioxidant vitamins materially reduce oxidative damage in humans?, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1999, 26, 1034-1053.
265. McKersie, BD. Oxidative stress. Dept of Crop science, University of Guelph. http://www.agronomy.psu.edu/Courses/AGRO518/Oxygen.htm#activation (8.2.2004).
266. Mecocci, P; Polidori, MC; Troiano, L. “Plasma antioxidants and longevity: a study on healthy centenarians.” Free Radic Biol. Med., 2000, 28, 1243-8.
267. Melpomeni, P; Uribarri, J; Vaslava, H; Glucose, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Diabetes Complications: What is New and What Works. Clinical diabetes, 2003, 21, 186-187.
268. Merry, BJ. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial function with aging-the effects of calorie restriction. Aging Cell, 2004, 3, 7-12.
269. Metchnikoff, E. The Prolongation of Life. Optimistic Studies Heinemann, London, 1907.
270. Meyers, DG; Maloley, PA; Weeks, D. “Safety of antioxidant vitamins.” Arch. Intern. Med., 1996, 156, 925-35.
271. Mlekusch, W; Tillian, H; Lamprecht, M; Trutnovsky, H; Reibnegger, G. The effect of reduced physical activity on longevity of mice. Mech Ageing Dev, 1996, 88, 159-168.
272. Middleton Fillmore, K; Kerr, WC; Stockwell, T; Chikritzhs, T; Bostrom, M. Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk: Systematic error in prospective studies. Addiction Research & Theory, 2006, 101-132.
273. Miller, DM; Buettner, G; Aust, SD. Transition metals as catalysts of autooxidation reactions. Free Radic Biol. Med., 1990, 8, 95-108.
274. Miller, ER, Pastor-Barriuso, R; Dalal, D; Riemersma, RA; Appel, LJ; Guallar, E. Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann. Intern. Med., 2005, 142, 37-46.
275. Miller, ER; Pastor-Barriuso, R; Dalal, D; Riemersma, RA; Appel, LG; Guallar, E. “Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality” Annals of Internal Medicine, 1995, 142, 37-46.
276. Milton, N.G.N. (2004). Role of hydrogen peroxide in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease-Implications for treatment. Drugs & Aging, 21, 81-100.
277. Mineharu, Y; Koizumi, A; Wada, Y; Iso, H; Watanabe, Y; Date, C; Yamamoto, A; Kikuchi, S; Inaba, Y; Toyoshima, H; Kondo, T; Tamakoshi, A. Coffee, green tea, black tea and oolong tea consumption and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japanese men and women. J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 2009, [Epub ahead of print].
278. Miquel, J; Fleming, J; Economos, AC. Antioxidants, metabolic rate and aging in Drosophila. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., 1982, 1, 159-165.
279. Miller, R; Austad, SN. Growth and aging: why do big dogs die young? In: Handbook of the biology of aging. 6th edition. Ed: Masoro, EJ; Austad, S. Elsevier, 2006.
280. Miquel, J; Johnson, JR. Effects of various antioxidants and radiation protectants on the lifespan and lipofuscin of Drosophila and C57BL/6J mice. Gerontologist, 1975, 15-25.
281. Mirzoeva, OK; Calder, PC. The effect of propolis and its components on eicosanoid production during the inflammatory response. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 1996, 55, 441-449.
282. Mitteldorf, J. Chaotic population dynamics and the evolution of ageing: proposing a demographic theory of senescence. Evol. Ecol. Res., 2006, 8, 561-574.
283. Moran, J.F; Klucas, R.V; Grayer, R.J; Abian, J; Becana, M. Complexes of iron with phenolic compounds from soybean nodules and other legume tissues: prooxidant and antioxidant properties. Free Radic Biol. Med. 1997, 22, 861-70.
284. Morrow, GS; Battistini, S; Zhang, P; Tanguay, RM. Decreased lifespan in the absenceof expression of the mitochondrial small heat shockprotein hsp22 in Drosophila. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 43382-43385.
285. Morel, I; Lescoat, G; Cillard, P; Cillard, J. Role of flavonoids and iron chelation in antioxidant action. Methods Enzymol., 1994, 234, 437-43.
286. Mooijaart, SP; van Heemst, D; Schreuder, J; van Gerwen, S; Beekman, M; Brandt, BW. Variation in the SHC1 gene and longevity in humans. Exp. Gerontol, 2004, 39, 263-8.
287. Narayanan, B.A. Chemopreventive agents alters global gene expression pattern: predicting their mode of action and targets. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets, 2006, 6, 711-727.
288. National Institutes of Health. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults-the evidence report. Obes Res., 1998, 6, 51-209.
289. Navara, KJ; Nelson, RJ. “The dark side of light at night: physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences” J. Pineal Res., 2007, 43, 215-224.
290. Nedergaard, J; Ricquier, D; Kozak, LP. Uncoupling proteins: current status and therapeutic prospects. EMBO Rep., 2005, 6 (10), 917-21.
291. Nemoto, S; Otsuka, M; Arakawa, N. Effect of high concentration of ascorbateon catalaseactivity in cultured cells and tissuesof guineapigs. J. Nutr.Sci. Vitaminol., 1997, 43, 297-203.
292. Nicholls, D. Mitochondrial bioenergetics, aging, and aging-related diseases. Sci. Aging Knowl., 2002
293. Nordberg, J; Arner, ESJ. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. Free Radic Biol. Med., 2001, 31, 1287-1312.
294. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. World HealthOrgan Tech. Rep. Ser., 2000, 894, 1-253.
295. Oishi, K; Yokoi, M; Maekawa, S; Sodeyama, C; Shiraishi, T; Kondo, R; Kuriyama, T; Machida, K. Oxidative stress and haematological changes in immobilized rats. Acta Physiol. Scand., 1999, 165(1), 65-9.
296. Oleinck, NL; Chiu, S; Ramakrishman, N; Xue, L. The formation, identification, and significance of DNA-protein cross-links in mammalian cells. Brit. J. Cancer, 1986, 55, 135-140.
297. Olivenza, R; Moro, MA; Lizasoain, I; Lorenzo, P; Fernández, AP; Rodrigo, J; Boscá, L; Leza, JC. Chronic stress induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat brain cortex. J. Neurochem., 2000, 74(2), 785-91.
298. Olshansky, SJ; Carnes, BA. Science at the frontiers of aging. The quest for immortality. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2001.
299. Omenn, GS; Goodman, GE; Thornquist, MD; Balmes, J; Cullen, MR; Glass, A. “Effects of a combination of beta carotine and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.” New England Journal of Medicine, 1996, 334, 1150-5.
300. Orentreich, N; Matias, JR; DeFelice, A; Zimmerman, JA. Low methionine ingestion by rats extends lifespan. Journal of Nutrition, 1993, 123, 269-274.
301. Orr, WC; Radyuk, SN; Prabhudesai, L; Toroser, D; Benes, JJ; Luchak, JM; Mockett, RJ; Rebrin, I; Hubbard, JG; Sohal, RS. “Overexpression of glutamate-cysteine ligase extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster.” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2005, 280, 37331-37338.
302. Ortega, RM. Importance of functional foods in the Mediterranean diet. Public Health Nutr., 2006, 9(8A), 1136-40.
303. Ostan, I; Poljšak, B; Simčič, M; Tijskens, LLM. Nutrition for the selfish gene. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2009, 20, 355-365.
304. Ouwor, ED; Kong AN. Antioxidants and oxidants regulate signal transduction pathways. Pharmacol., 2002, 64, 765-770.
305. Ozturk, F; Kurt, E; Cerci, M; Emiroglu, L; Inan, U; Turker, M; Ilker, S. The effect of propolis extract in experimental chemical corneal injury. Ophthalmic Res, 2000, 32, 13-18.
306. Packer, L; Fuehr, K. Low oxygen concentration extends the lifespan of cultured human diploid cells. Nature, 267, 1997, 423-425.
307. Packer L. Oxidants, antioxidant nutrients and the athlete. J Sports Sci, 1997, 15, 353-363.
308. th Food Technologydays. 2006 dedicated to Prof. F. Bitenc.-Ljubljana: University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, 199-206.
309. Pak, JW; Herbst, A; Bua, E; Gokey, N; McKenzie, D; Aiken, JM. Rebuttal to Jacobs: the mitochondrial theory of aging: alive or dead. Aging Cell, 2003, 2, 9
310. Pal Yu, B. Approaches to anti-aging intervention: the promises and the uncertainties. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 1999, 2, 73-87.
311. Pallàs, M; Verdaguer, E; Tajes, M; Gutierrez-Cuesta, J; Camins, A. Modulation of sirtuins: new targets for anti-ageing. Recent Pat. CNS Drug Discov., 2008, 3, 61-9.
312. Palozza, P. Prooxidant action of carotenoid in biologic systems. Nutr. Rev., 1998, 56, 257-265.
313. Pandey, R; Muller, A; Napoli, CA; Selinger, DA; Pikaard, CS; Richards, EJ; Bander, J; Mount, DW; Jorgensen, RA. Analysis of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase families of Arabidopsis thaliana suggests functional diversification of chromatin modification among multicellular eukaryotes, Nucleic acid research, 2002, 30, 5036-5055.
314. Paolisso, G; Ammendola, S; del Buono, A; Gambardella, M; Riondino, M; Tagliamonte, MR; Rizzo, MR; Carella, C; Varrichio, M. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 in healthy centenarians. J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab., 1997, 82, 2204-2209.
315. Pardini, RS; Heidker, JC; Fletcher, DC. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport by nordihydroguaiaretic acid. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1970, 19, 2695-2699.
316. Park, SK; Prolla, TA. Gene expression profiling studies of aging in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Cardiovasc.Res., 2005, 66, 205-212.
317. Parrinello, S; Samper, E; Krtolica, A; Goldstein, J; Melov, S; Campisi J. Oxygen sensitivity severely limits the replicative lifespan of murine fibroblasts. Nat. Cell Biol., 2003, 5, 741-747.
318. Patronek, GJ; Waters, DJ; Glickman, LT. Comparative longevity of pet dogs and humans: implications for gerontology research. Journals of gerontology series A: Biological sciences and medical sciences, 1997, 52, B171.
319. Pérez, IV; Van Remmen, H; Bokov, A; Epstein, CJ; Vijg, J; Richardson, A. The overexpression of major antioxidant enzymes does not extend the lifespan of mice. Aging Cell., 2009, 8, 73-75.
320. Perez-Campo, R; Lopez-Torres, M; Cadenas, S; Rojas, C; Barja G. “The rate of free radical production as a determinant of the rate of aging: evidence from the comparative approach.” Journal of comparative physiology, 1998, 168, 149-158.
321. Pérez-López, FR; Chedraui, P; Haya, J; Cuadros, JL. Effects of the Mediterranean diet on longevity and age-related morbid conditions. Maturitas, 2009, 20, 64(2), 67-79.
322. Perls, T; Kunkel, ML; Puca, AA. The Genetics of Exceptional Human Longevity. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2002, 19, 2002, 233-8.
323. Phelan, JP; Rose, MR. Caloric restriction increases longevity substantially only when the reaction norm is steep (2006). Biogerontology, 161-164.
324. Phelan, JP; Rose, MR. Why dietary restriction substantially increases longevity in animal models but won’t in humans. Ageing Res. Rev., 2005, 4: 339-350
325. Podmore, ID. Vitamin C exhibits pro-oxidant properties. Nature, 1998, 392, 559-559.
326. Podmore, ID; Griffiths, HR; Herbert, KE; Mistry, N; Mistry, P; Lunec, J. Vitamin C exhibits pro-oxidant properties. Nature, (London), 1998, 392, 559.
327. Poeggeler, B; Saarela, S; Reiter, RJ. “Melatonin--a highly potent endogenous radical scavenger and electron donor: new aspects of the oxidation chemistry of this indole accessed in vitro.” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1994, 738, 419-20.
328. Polidori, MC; Mariani, E; Baggio, G. “Different antioxidant profiles in Italian centenarians: the Sardinian peculiarity.” Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2007, 61, 922-4.
329. Poljsak, B; Jamnik, P. Methodology for Oxidative State Detection in Biological Systems. In: Handbook of Free Radicals: Formation, Types and Effects. New York: Nova Science Publishers.: in press.
330. Poulsen, HE; Loft, S; Vistisen, K. Extreme exercise and oxidative DNA modification. J. Sports. Sci., 1996, 14, 343-346.
331. Powers, SK; Ji, LI; Leeuwenburgh, C. Exercise training-induced alterations in skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity: a brief review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1999, 31(7), 987 predicting their mode of action and targets. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets, 2006, 6, 711-727.
332. Price, A; Lucas, PW; Lea, PJ. Age-dependent damage and glutathione metabolism in ozone fumigated barley: a leaf section approach. J. Exptl. Bot., 1990, 41, 1309-1317.
333. Pryor, WA. “Vitamin E and heart disease: basic science to clinical intervention trials.” Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2000, 28, 141-64.
334. Radák, Z; Young Chung, H; Naito, H; Takahashi, R; Jin Jung, K; Hyon-Jeen, K; Goto, S. Age-associated increases in oxidative stress and nuclear transcription factor κB activation are attenuated in rat liver by regular exercise. The Faseb Journal express article, 2004, 749-750.
335. Radak, Z; Naito, H; Kaneko T; Nakamoto, H; Ohno, H; Ookawara, T; Goto S. Exercise training decreases DNA damage and increases DNA repair and resistance against oxidative stress of proteins in aged rat skeletal muscle. Pflugers Archiv: Eur J Physiol., 2002, 445, 273-278.
336. Radak, Z; Taylor, AW; Ohno, H; Goto S. Adaptation to exercise-induced oxidative stress: From muscle to brain. Exerc Immunol Rev, 2010, 7, 90-107.
337. Radak, Z; Nakamura, A; Nakamoto, H et al. A period of exercise increases the accumulation of reactive carbonyl derivatives in the lungs of rats. Pfluger Arch Eur J Physiol. 1998, 435, 439-441.
338. Rattan, S. “Theories of biological aging: genes, proteins, and free radicals.” Free Radic Res, 2006, 40, 1230-8.
339. Rattan, SI. Hormesis in aging. Ageing Res Rev., 2008, 1, 63-78.
340. Rattan, SI; Gonzalez-Dosal, R; Nielsen, ER; Kraft, DC; Weibel, J; Kahns S. Slowing down aging from within: mechanistic aspects of anti-aging hormetic effects of mild heat stress on human cells. Acta Biochim Pol., 2004, 51, 481-92.
341. Rattan, SIS. Hormesis in aging. Ageing Research Reviews, 2008, 7, 63-78.
342. Reddy, BS; Rao, CV. Novel approaches for colon cancer prevention by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol., 2002, 21, 155-64.
343. Rehman, A; Collis, CS; Yang, M; Kelly, M; Diplock, AT; Halliwell, B; Fuce-Evans, C. The effects of iron and vitamin C co-supplementation on oxidative damage to DNA in healthy volunteers. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 1998, 246, 293-298.
344. Reiter, R; Acuña-Castroviejo, D; Tan, D; Burkhardt, S. “Free radical-mediated molecular damage. Mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin in the central nervous system.” Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2001, 939, 200-15.
345. Reiter, RJ. Oxygen radical detoxification processes during aging: the functional importance of melatonin. Aging (Milano), 1995, 7, 340-51.
346. Reverter-Branchat, G; Cabiscol, E; Tamarit, J; Ros, J. Oxidative damage to specific proteins in replicative and chronological-aged Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Common targets and prevention by calorie restriction. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 31983-31989.
347. Reznick, AZ; Kegan, VE; Ramasey, R; Tsuchiya, M; et al. Antiradical effects in L-propionyl carnitine protection of the heart against ishemiareperfusion injury: the possible role of iron chelation. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1992, 394-401.
348. Rhee, SG. Redox signaling: hydrogen peroxide as intracellular messenger. Exp. Mol. Med., 1999, 31, 53-59.
349. Rial, E; Zardoya, R. Oxidative stress, thermogenesis and evolution of uncoupling proteins. Journal of Biology, 2009, 8, 1-5.
350. Richie JP; Leutzinger, Y; Parthasarathy, S; Malloy, V; Orentreich, N; Zimmerman, JR. Methionine restriction increases blood glutathione and longevity in F344 rats. FASEB Journal, 1994, 8, 1302.
351. Rietjens, I; Boersma, M; de Haan, L. The pro-oxidant chemistry of the natural antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and flavonoids. Environ Toxicol. Pharmacol, 2001, 11, 321-333.
352. Rockenfeller, P.; Madeo, F. Ageing and eating, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.01.001.
353. Rikke, BA; Johnson, TE. Lower body temperature as a potential mechanism of life extension in homeotherms. Exp. Gerontol., 2004, 39, 6, 927-30.
354. Rodriguez, D. “Food carotenoids: analysis, composition and alterations during storage and processing of foods.” Forum Nutr., 2003, 56, 35-7.
355. Roman, B; Carta, L; Martínez-González, MA; Serra-Majem, L. Effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in the elderly. Clin. Interv. Aging, 2008, 3(1), 97-109.
356. Rosè, RC. Intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1996, 212, 191-198.
357. Rossi, A; Longo, R; Russo, A; Borrelli, F; Sautebinm, L. The role of the phenethyl ester of caffeic acid (CAPE) in the inhibition of rat lung cyclooxygenase activity by propolis. Fitoterapia, 2002, 73, 30-37.
358. Rottkamp, CA; Raina, AK; Zhu, X; Gaier, E; Bush, AI; Atwood, CS. Redoxactive iron mediates amyloid-beta toxicity. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2001, 30, 447-50.
359. Rousset, S; Alves-Guerra, MC; Mozo, J; Miroux, B; Cassard-Doulcier, A.M; Bouillaud, F; Ricquie, D. The Biology of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins. Diabetes, 2004, 53, 130-135.
360. Ruano-Ravina, A; Figueiras, A; Freire-Garabal, M; Barros-Dios, JM. “Antioxidant vitamins and risk of lung cancer.” Curr. Pharm. Des., 2006, 12, 599-613.
361. Sahyoun, N.R.; Jacques, P.F.; Russell, R.M. Carotenoids, vitamins C and E, andmortality in an elderly population, Am. J. Epidemiol., 1996, 144, 501-511.
362. Rumsey, SC; Levine, M. Absorption, transport and disposition of ascorbic acid in humans. Nutr. Biochem., 1998, 9, 113-130.
363. Sandra, M; Myers, JN; Oliveira, RB; Abella, JP; Proelicher, VF. “Characterizing Differences in Mortality at the Low End of the Fitness Spectrum,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2009, 41, 1573-1579.
364. Santoro, N; Thiele, DJ. 1997. Oxidative stress responses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In: Yeast stress responses In.: Hohmann, S; Mager, HRG. Landes Company, 1997, 171-204.
365. Santrock, J. 2008. Physical Development and Biological Aging. In Ryan, M; Sugarman, J.M; Spada, M; Pecora, E. A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. New York. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 129-132.
366. Sapolsky, RM. Organismal stress and telomeric aging: an unexpected connection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004, 101, 17323-17324.
367. Schafer, FQ; Buettner, GR. Acidic pH amplifies iron-mediated lipid peroxidation in cells. Free Radic Biol. Med., 2000, 28, 1175-1181.
368. Schafer, ZT. Antioxidant and oncogene rescue of metabolic defects caused by loss of matirx attachment. Nature, 2009, 461, 109-113.
369. Schernhammer, E; Rosner, B; Willett, W; Laden, F; Colditz, G; Hankinson, S. “Epidemiology of urinary melatonin in women and its relation to other hormones and night work.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 2004, 13, 936-43.
370. Schneider, RH; Nidich, SI; Salerno, JW; Sharma, HM; Robinson, CE; Nidich, RJ; Alexander, CN. Lower lipid peroxide levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program. Psychosom. Med., 1998, 60(1), 38-41.
371. Schriner, SE; Linford, NJ; Martin, GM; Treuting, P; Ogburn, CE; Emond, M; Coskun, PE; Ladiges, W; Wolf, N; Van Remmen, H; Wallace, DC; Rabinovitch, PS. “Extension of murine life span by overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria.” Science, 2005, 308, 1909-1911.
372. Schulz, TJ; Zarse, K; Voigt, A; Urban, N; Birringer, M; Ristow, M. “Glucose Restriction Extends Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan by Inducing Mitochondrial Respiration and Increasing Oxidative Stress.” Cell Metabolism, 2007, 6, 280-293.
373. Sell, DR; Lane, MA; Johnson, WA; Masoro, EJ; Mock, OB; Reiser, KM. Longevity and the genetic determination of collagen glycoxidation kinetics in mammalian senescence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1996, 93, 485-90.
374. Sell, DR; Monnier, VM. Long-lived proteins: Extracellular matrix (collagens, elastins and crystallins) and lens crystallins. Pp. 235-308 In: Masoro, EJ: (ed), Handbook of Physiology, Section 11, Aging. 1999. Oxford University Press, New York.
375. Selman, C; McLaren, J; Meyer, C; Duncan, J; Redman, P. Life-long vitamin C supplementation in combination with cold exposure does not affect oxidative damage or lifespan in mice, but decreases expression of antioxidant protection genes. In: Mechanisms of ageing and development, 2006, 127, 897-904.
376. Serafini, M. Role of the Antioxidant Network in the Prevention of Age-Related Diseases. In: Miwa, S; Beckman, KB; Muller, FL. Oxidative Stress in Aging. From Model Systems to Human Diseases.Totowa: Humana Press; 2008.
377. Sharma, H; Sen, S; Singh, A; Bhardwaj, NK; Kochupillai, V; Singh, N. Sudarshan Kriya practitioners exhibit better antioxidant status and lower blood lactate levels. Biol. Psychol., 2003, 63(3), 281-91.
378. Sheehy, MRJ; Greenwood, JG; Fielder, DR. Lipofuscin as a record of “rate of living” in an aquatic poikilotherm. J. Gerontol. Biol. Sci., 1995, 50A, B322-B326.
379. Shenkin, A. “The key role of micronutrients.” Clin. Nutr, 200625, 1-13.
380. Sherrington, R; Rogaev, EI; Liang, Y; Rogaeva, EA; Levesque, G; Ikeda, M. Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Nature, 1995, 375, 754-60.
381. Short, KR; Bigelow, ML; Kahl, J; Singh, R; Coenen-Schimke, J; Raghavakaimal, S; Nair, KS. Decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function with aging in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2005, 102, 5618-5623.
382. Shringarpure, R; Davies, KJ. Protein turnover by the proteasome in aging and disease. FreeRadic Biol. Med., 2002, 32, 1084-9.
383. Sigler, K; Chaloupka, J; Brozmanova, J; Stadler, N; Hofer, M. Oxidative stress in microorganisms. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 1999, 44: 587-624.
384. Silva, RH; Kameda, SR; Carvalho, RC; Takatsu-Coleman, AL; Niigaki, ST; Abílio, VC; Tufik, S; Frussa-Filho, R. Anxiogenic effect of sleep deprivation in the elevated plus-maze test in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2004, 176(2), 115-22.
385. Silva RH, Chehin AB, Kameda SR, Takatsu-Coleman AL, Abílio VC, Tufik S, Frussa-Filho R. Effects of pre-or post-training paradoxical sleep deprivation on two animal models of learning and memory in mice. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 2004 Sep; 82(2): 90-8.
386. Sinclair, DA; Howitz, TK. Dietary restriction, hormesis, and small molecule mimetics. In: Handbook of the biology of aging, Sixth edition. Academic Press, 2006.
387. Singh, D. Electron spin resonance spectroscopic demonstration of the generation of reactive oxygen species by diseased human synovial tissue following ex vivo hypoxia-reoxygenation. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1995, 54, 94-99.
388. Skulachev, V. Aging is a Specific Biological Function Rather than the Result of a Disorder in Complex Living Systems: Biochemical Evidence in Support of Weismann’s Hypothesis. Biochemistry, 1997, 62, 1191-1195.
389. Skulachev, VP. Role of uncoupled and non-coupled oxidations in maintenance of safely low levels of oxygen and its one-electron reductants. Q. Rev. Biophys., 1996, 29, 169-202.
390. Skulacev, VP. Uncoupling: new approaches to an old problem of bioenergetics. Rev Biochim Biophys Acta, 1998, 1363, 100-124.
391. Smelick, C. 2003. http://www.biologicalgerontology.com/
392. Smith, KR; Mineau, GP; Bean, LL. Fertility and post-reproductive longevity. Soc. Biol., 2002, 49, 185-205.
393. Smith, M.A.L.; Marley, K.A.; Seigler, D.; Singletary, K.W.; Meline B. Bioactive Properties of Wild Blueberry Fruits. Journal of Food Science, 2000, 65, 352-356.
394. Sohal, R. “Role of oxidative stress and protein oxidation in the aging process.” Free Radic Biol. Med., 2002, 33, 37-44.
395. Sohal, R; Mockett, R; Orr, W. “Mechanisms of aging: an appraisal of the oxidative stress hypothesis.” Free Radic Biol. Med., 2002, 33, 575-86.
396. Sohal, RS. Metabolic rate and lifespan. In: Witler, R. Cellular aging: Concepts and metabolism. Basel: Karger; 1976, 25-40.
397. Sohal, RS; Hu, H; Agarwal, S; Forster, MJ; Lal, H. Oxidative damage, mitochondrial oxidant generation and antioxidant defenses during aging and in response to food restriction in the mouse. Mech. Ageing Dev., 1994, 74, 121-133.
398. Sohal, RS; Weindruch R. Oxidative stress caloric restriction, aging. Science, 1996, 273, 59-63.
399. Sohal, RS; Allen, RG. Relationship between oxygen metabolism, aging and development. Adv Free Radic Biol Med, 1986, 2, 117-160.
400. Sohal, RS; Allen, RG; Farmer, KJ; Newton, RK; Toy, PL. Effects of exogenous antioxidants on the levels of endogenous antioxidants, lipidsoluble fluorescent material and lifespan of the house fly Musca domestica. Mech Ageing Dev, 1985, 31, 329-336.
401. Sorlie, T. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2001, 98, 10869-10874.
402. Speakman, JR; van Acker, A; Herper, EJ. Age-related changes in the metabolism and body composition of three dog breeds and their relationship to life expectancy. Aging cell, 2003, 2, 265-275.
403. Speakamn, JR; Talbot DA; Selman, C; Snart, S; McLaren, JS; Redman, P; Krol, E; Jackson, DM; Johnson, MS; Brand, MD. Uncoupled and surviving: individual mice with high metabolism have greater mitochondrial uncoupling and live longer. Aging Cell, 2004, 3, 87
404. Speakman, JR; Krol, E. Limits to sustained energy intake IX: A review of hypotheses. J. Comp. Physiol., 2005, 175, 375-394.
405. Sreekumar, R; Unnikrishnan, J; Fu, A. Effects of caloric restriction on mitochondrial function and gene transcripts in rat muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol.Metab., 2002, 283, 38-43.
406. Stadtman, ER. Protein oxidation and aging. Science, 1992, 257, 1220-4.
407. Stadtman, ER; Berlett, BS. Reactive oxygen-mediated protein oxidation in ageing and disease. Drug Metab. Rev., 1998, 30, 225-243.
408. Stanner, SA; Hughes, J; Kelly, CN; Buttriss, J. “A review of the epidemiological evidence for the ‘antioxidant hypothesis’.” Public Health Nutr., 2004, 7, 407-22.
409. Starkov, AA. “Mild” uncoupling of mitochondria. Biosci. Rep., 1997, 17, 273-279.
410. Stephan, JS; Megowa, D; Raupacha, A; Victorovb, IV; Dirnagl, U. Agerelated changes of oxygen free radical production in the rat brain slice after hypoxia: on-line measurement using enhanced chemiluminescence. Brain Research, 1995, 703, 227-230.
411. Stocker, R. The ambivalence of vitamin E in atherogenesis. Tibs, 1999, 24, 219.
412. Stocker, R; Frei, B. Endogenous antioxidant defenses in human blood plasma. In: Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants. London: Academic press, 1991, 213-42.
413. Strom, A; Jensen, RA. Mortality from circulatory diseases in Norway 1940-1945. Lancet, 1951, 258, 126-129.
414. Suzuki, M; Willcox, BJ; Willcox, DC. Implications from and for food cultures for cardiovascular disease: longevity. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2001, 10, 165-171.
415. Takabayashi, F; Tahara, S; Kaneko, T; Miyoshi, Y; Harada, N. Accumulation of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage) in the tissues of aged hamsters and change in antioxidant enzyme activities after single administration of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine. Gerontology, 2004, 50, 57-63.
416. Tan, DX; Chen, LD; Poeggeler, B; Manchester, LC; Reiter, RJ. Melatonin: a potent, endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger. Endocr. J., 1993, 1, 57-60.
417. Tapia, PC. “Sublethal mitochondrial stress with an attendant stoichiometric augmentation of reactive oxygen species may precipitate many of the beneficial alterations in cellular physiology produced by caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, exercise and dietary phytonutrients:“Mitohormesis for health and vitality.” Med. Hypotheses, 2006, 66, 832-43.
418. Terman, A. Garbage catastrophe theory of aging: Imperfect removal of oxidative damage? Redox. Rep., 2001, 6, 15-26.
419. Terman, A; Brunk, UT. Oxidative stress, accumulation of biological ‘garbage,’ and aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal, 2006, 8, 197-204.
420. Terman, A; Gustafsson, B; Brunk, UT. Mitochondrial damage and intralysosomal degradation in cellular aging. Mol. Aspects Med., 2006, 27, 471-82.
421. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotine Cancer Prevention Study Group. “The effect of vitamin E and beta carotine on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers.” New England Journal of Medicine, 1994, 330, 1029-35.
422. Thomas, D. “Vitamins in health and aging.” Clin. Geriatr. Med., 2000, 259-74.
423. Thomas, T; Perls, LA; Ruth, CF. Middle-aged mothers live longer. Nature, 1997, 389, 38-48.
424. Tijskens, P. Discovering the Future: Modelling Quality Matters. Wageningen University, 2004.
425. Tourlouki, E; Polychronopoulos, E; Zeimbekis, A; Tsakountakis, N; Bountziouka, V; Lioliou, E; Papavenetiou, E; Polystipioti, A; Metallinos, G; Tyrovolas, S; Gotsis, E; Matalas, AL; Lionis, C; Panagiotakos, DB. The “secrets” of the long livers in Mediterranean islands: the MEDIS study. Eur. J. Public Health, 2009, [Epub ahead of print].
426. Trichopoulou, A; Costacou, T; Bamia, C; Trichopoulos, D. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N. Engl. J. Med., 2003, 26; 348, 26, 2599-608.
427. Tsurudome, Y; Hirano, Y; Hirata, K; Higure, A; Nagata, N; Takahashi, K; Itoh, K; Kasai, H. Age-Associated Increase of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in Human Colorectal Tissue DANN. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2001, 56, 83-85.
428. Turturro, A; Hass, BS; Hart, RW. Does caloric restriction induce hormesis? Human experimental toxicology, 2000, 19, 320-329.
429. Turrens, JF. Superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biosci. Rep., 1997, 17, 3-8.
430. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; Healthy People. 2010, 2000.
431. Valko, M; Leibfritz, D; Moncol, J; Cronin, MT; Mazur, M; Telser, J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 2007, 39, 44-84.
432. Valls, V; Peiro, C; Muniz, P; Saez, GT. Age-related changes in antioxidant status and oxidative damage to lipids and DNA in mitochondria of rat liver. Process Biochem., 2005, 40, 903-908.
433. Van Rammsdonk, JM; Hekimi, S. “Deletion of the Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase sod-2 Extends Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.” PLoS Genetics, 2009, 2, 361-37.
434. Vercellotti, GM. A balanced budget-evaluating the iron economy. Clin. Chem., 1996, 42, 657.
435. Vina, J; Borras, C; Gambini, J; Sastre, J; Pallardo, FV. “Why females live longer than males? Importance of the upregulation of longevity-associated genes by oestrogenic compounds.” Febs Letters, 2005, 579, 2541-2545.
436. Vitetta, A; Anton, B. Lifestyle and nutrition, caloric restriction, mitochondrial health and hormones: Scientific interventions for anti-aging. Clin. Interv. Aging, 2007, 2, 537-543.
437. Vivekananthan, DP; Penn, MS; Sapp, SK; Hsu, A; Topol, EJ. Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: metaanalysis of randomised trials. Lancet, 2003, 361, 2017-23.
438. Vlahchev, T; Zhivkov, Z. Hunza-a healthy and a long living people. Asklepii., 2002, 15, 96-7.
439. Walford, RL. Maximum Lifespan. W.W. Norton, New York, 1983.
440. Wallace, DC. A mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degenerative diseases, aging, and cancer: A dawn for evolutionary medicine. Annu. Rev. Genet., 2005, 39, 359-407.
441. Walston, J; Xue, Q; Semba, R.D; Ferrucci, L; Cappola, AR; Ricks, M; Guralnik, J; Fried, LP. Serum Antioxidants, Inflammation, and Total Mortality in Older Women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2005, 23, 97-107.
442. Wan, R; Camandola, S; Mattson, MP. Dietary supplementation with 2-deoxy-D-glucose improves cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress adaptation in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2004, 287, 186-193.
443. Wang, XL; Rainwater, DL; Mahaney, MC; Stocker, R. Cosupplementation with vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 reduces circulating markers of inflammation in baboons. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 80, 649-55.
444. Wani, G; Milo, GE; D’Ambrosio, SM. Enhanced expression of 8-OHdG triphosphatase gene in human breast tumor cells. Cancer Lett, 1998; 125, 123-130.
445. Ward, J. “Should antioxidant vitamins be routinely recommended for older people?" Drugs Aging, 2004, 12, 169-75.
446. Warner, D; Sheng, H; Batinić-Haberle, I. 2004. “Oxidants, antioxidants and the ischemic brain.” J. Exp. Biol., 2004, 207, 3221-31.
447. Watson, JD; Berry, A. DNA: The Secret of Life. Ljubljana: Modrijan, 2007.
448. Wechsler, H; Rigotti, NA; Gledhill-Hoyt, J; Lee, H. Increased levels of cigarette use among college students: a cause for national concern. Jama, 1998, 280, 1673-8.
449. Wei, M; Kampert, JB; Barlow, CE; Nichaman, MZ; Gibbons, LW; Paffenbarger, RS. Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortalityin normal-weight, overweight, and obese men. Jama, 1999, 282, 1547-53.
450. Weindruch, R; Walford, RL; Fligiel, S; Guthrie, D. The retardation of aging in mice by dietary restriction: longevity, cancer, immunity and lifetime energy intake. J. Nutr., 1986, 116, 641-654.
451. Weindruch, R; Kristie, JA; Cheney, K, Walford, RL. The influence of controlled dietary restriction on immunologic function and aging. Fed. Proc., 1979, 38, 2007-2016.
452. Weindruch, RK; Walford, RL. Retardation of aging and disease by dietaryrestriction. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1988.
453. Weinert, BT; Timiras, PS. Invited review: theories of aging. J. Appl. Physiol., 2003, 95, 1706-1716.
454. Wilken, Rennie. 2009. Healthy aging: Skeletal muscla. In: Stanner, S; Thompson, R; Buttriss, J. Healthy aging-The role of nutrition and lifestyle. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
455. Willcox, BJ; Willcox, DC; Todoriki, H; Fujiyoshi, A. Caloric Restriction, the Traditional Okinawan Diet, and Healthy Aging: The Diet of the World’s Longest-Lived People and Its Potential Impact on Morbidity and Life Span. Ann.N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2007, 1114, 434-455.
456. Willcox, DC; Willcox, BJ; Todoriki, H; Curb, JD; Suzuki, M. Caloric restriction and human longevity: what can we learn from the Okinawans? Biogerontology, 2006, 7(3): 173
457. Williams, GC. Pleiotropy, natural selection and the evolution of senescence. Evolution, 1957, 11, 398-411.
458. Wilson, J; Gelb, A. “Free radicals, antioxidants, and neurologic injury: possible relationship to cerebral protection by anesthetics.” J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol, 2002, 14, 66-79.
459. Wolf, FI; Fasanella, S; Tedesco, B; Cavallini, G; Donati, A; Bergamini, E; Cittadini, A. Peripheral lymphocyte 8-OHdG levels correlate with ageassociated increase of tissue oxidative DNA damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. Protective effects of caloric restriction. Exp. Gerontol., 2005, 40, 181-188.
460. Wu, D.; Rea, SL; Yashin, AI; Johnson, TE. Visualizing hidden heterogeneity in isogenic populations of C. elegans. Exp. Gerontol., 2006, 41, 261-270. www.wikipedia.com
461. Xianquan, S; Shi, J; Kakuda, Y; Yueming, J. “Stability of lycopene during food processing and storage.” J. Med. Food, 2005, 8, 413-22.
462. Yates, LB; Djoussé, L; Kurth, T; Buring, JE; Gaziano, JM. Exceptional longevity in men: modifiable factors associated with survival and function to age 90 years. Arch. Intern. Med., 2008, 168, 277-83.
463. Yoshino, M; Murakami, K. Interaction of iron with polyphenolic compounds: application to antioxidant characterization. Anal. Biochem., 1998, 257, 40-4.
464. Yoshioka, MT; Tanaka, H; Shono, N; Snyder, E; Shindo, M; St-Amand, J. Serial analysisof gene expression in the skeletal muscleof endurance athletes compared to sedentary man. FASEB J., 2003, 17, 1812-1819.
465. Yu, BP. 1995. Putative interventions. In: Masoro, EJ. Handbook of Physiology. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, 613-631.
466. Yu, BP; Masoro, EJ; McMahan, CA. Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats: I-Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. Journal of Gerontology, 1985, 40, 657-670.
467. Yu, BP. Aging and oxidative stress: modulation by dietary restriction. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1996, 21, 651-668.
468. Zachara, BA; Ukleja-Adamowicz, M; Nartowicz, E; Łecka, J. Increased plasma glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Med. Sci. Monit., 2001, 7, 415-20.
469. Zhang, HJ; Doctrow, SR; Xu, L; Oberley, LW; Beecher, B; Morrison, J; Oberley, TD; Kregel, KC. Redox modulation of the liver with chronic antioxidant enzyme mimetic treatment prevents age-related oxidative damage associated with environmental stress. Faseb J, 2004, 18, 1547-1549.
470. Zhang, HJ; Xu, L; Drake, VJ; Xie, L; Oberley, LW; Kregel, KC. Heat-induced liver injury in old rats is associated with exaggerated oxidative stress and altered transcription factor activation. Faseb J, 2003, 17, 2293-2295.
471. Zimmerman, JA; Malloy, V; Krajcik, R; Orentreich, N. Nutritional controlof aging. Experimental gerontology, 2003, 38, 47