A 15-dBm SiGe BiCMOS PA for 77-GHz Automotive Radar

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

Volumn 59, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 2910-2918

  Giammello, Vittorio ^a   Ragonese, Egidio ^a   Palmisano, Giuseppe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMOTIVE RADAR; AUTOMOTIVE RADAR APPLICATIONS; BI-CMOS PROCESS; CASCODE; FULLY INTEGRATED; INPUT/OUTPUT; LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION; MATCHING NETWORKS; POWER GAINS; POWER-ADDED EFFICIENCY; PSEUDO DIFFERENTIAL; SIGE BICMOS; STATE-OF-ART PERFORMANCE; TWO STAGE; VOLTAGE SUPPLY;

HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS; POWER AMPLIFIERS; RADAR;

SEMICONDUCTING SILICON;

EID: 81455158800     PISSN: 00189480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2166802     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. H. Hashemi, X. Guan, A. Komijani, and A. Hajimiri, "A 24-GHz SiGe phased-array receiver-LO phase shifting approach," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 614-626, Feb. 2005.
2. S. K. Reynolds, B. Floyd, U. Pfeiffer, T. Beukema, J. Grzyb, C. Haymes, B. Gaucher, and M. Soyuer, "A silicon 60 GHz receiver and transmitter chipset for broadband communications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2820-2831, Dec. 2006.
3. E. Laskin, M. Khanpour, R. Aroca, K. W. Tang, P. Garcia, and S. P. Voinigescu, "A 95 GHz receiver with fundamental-frequency VCO and static frequency divider in 65 nm digital CMOS," in IEEE Int. Solid- State Circuits Conf. Tech. Dig., Feb. 2008, pp. 180-181.
4. I. Gresham, A. Jenkins, R. Egri, C. Eswarappa, N. Kinayman, N. Jain, R. Anderson, F. Kolak, R. Wohlert, S. P. Bawell, J. Bennet, and J.-P. Lanteri, "Ultra-wideband radar sensors for short-range vehicular applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2105-2122, Sep. 2004.
5. E. Ragonese, A. Scuderi, V. Giammello, E. Messina, and G. Palmisano, "A fully integrated 24GHz UWB radar sensor for automotive applications," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Tech. Dig., Feb. 2009, pp. 306-307.
6. V. Jain, F. Tzeng, L. Zhou, and P. Heydari, "A single-chip dual-band 22-29-GHz/77-81-GHz BiCMOS transceiver for automotive radars," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3469-3485, Dec. 2009.
7. D. Saunders et al., "A single-chip 24 GHz BiCMOS transceiver for FMCW automotive radars," in IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits Symp. Dig., Jun. 2009, pp. 459-462.
8. D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1998.
9. L. L. Nagy and J. A. M. Lyon, "An ultrashort pulse radar sensor for vehicular precollision obstacle detection," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. VT-24, no. 4, pp. 41-45, Nov. 1975.
10. S. T. Nicolson, K. Yau, S. Pruvost, V. Danelon, P. Chevalier, P. Garcia, A. Chantre, B. Sautreil, and S. Voinigescu, "A low-voltage SiGe BiCMOS 77-GHz automotive radar chipset," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1092-1103, May 2008.
11. S. C. Cripps, RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1999.
12. J. R. Long and M. Danesh, "A uniform compact model for planar RF/MMIC interconnects, inductors and transformers," in Proc. IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits Tech. Meeting, Sep. 2001, pp. 167-170. (Pubitemid 33075481)
13. A. Scuderi, T. Biondi, E. Ragonese, and G. Palmisano, "A lumped scalable model for silicon integrated spiral inductors," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 51, pp. 1203-1209, Jun. 2004.
14. G. A. Avenier et al., "0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS technology fully dedicated to mm-wave applications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2312-2321, Sep. 2009.
15. V. Giammello, E. Ragonese, and G. Palmisano, "Transmitter chipset for 24/77-GHz automotive radar sensors," in IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits Symp. Dig., May 2010, pp. 75-78.
16. V. Giammello, E. Ragonese, and G. Palmisano, "Transformer coupled cascode stage for mm-wave power amplifiers in sub-m CMOS technology," Springer Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process., vol. 66, pp. 449-453, Mar. 2011.
17. S. Mandegaran and A. Hajimiri, "A breakdown voltage multiplier for high voltage swing drivers," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 302-312, Feb. 2007. (Pubitemid 46374515)
18. H. Veenstra, G. A. M. Hurkx, D. van Goor, H. Brekelmans, and J. R. Long, "Analyses and design of bias circuits tolerating output voltages above BVCEO," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 2008-2018, Oct. 2005.
19. A. Komijani and A. Hajimiri, "A wideband 77-GHz, 17.5-dBm fully integrated power amplifier in silicon," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1749-1756, Aug. 2006. (Pubitemid 44192100)
20. N. Demirel, E. Kerherve, D. Pache, and R. Plana, "Design techniques and considerations for mm-wave SiGe power amplifiers," in IEEE Microw. Opt. Conf. Dig., Nov. 2009, pp. 37-41.
21. R. B. Yishay, R. Carmon, O. Katz, and D. Elad, "A high gain wideband 77 GHz SiGe power amplifier," in IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits Symp. Dig., Jun. 2010, pp. 529-532.
22. B. A. Orner, M. Dahlstrom, A. Pothiawala, R. M. Rassel, Q. Liu, H. Ding, M. Khater, D. Ahlgren, A. Joseph, and J. Dunn, "A BiCMOS technology featuring a 300/330 GHz SiGe HBT for millimeter wave applications," in Proc. IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits Tech. Meeting, Oct. 2006, pp. 49-52.
23. P. Chevalier, D. Gloria, P. Scheer, S. Pruvost, F. Gianesello, F. Pourchon, P. Garcia, J.-C. Vildeuil, A. Chantre, C. Garnier, O. Noblanc, S. P. Voinigescu, T. O. Dickson, E. Laskin, S. T. Nicolson, T. Chalvatzis, and K. H. K. Yau, "Advanced SiGe BiCMOS and CMOS platforms for optical and millimeter-wave integrated circuits," in Proc. IEEE CSICS, Nov. 2006, pp. 12-15.
24. W. M. Huang, J. P. John, S. Braithwaite, J. Kirchgessner, I. S. Lim, D. Morgan, Y. B. Park, S. Shams, I. To, P. Welch, R. Reuter, H. Li, A. Ghazinour, P. Wennekers, and Y. Yin, "SiGe 77 GHz automotive radar technology," in Proc. IEEE Int. Circuits Syst. Symp., 2007, pp. 1967-1970. (Pubitemid 47448921)
25. A. Scuderi, T. Biondi, E. Ragonese, and G. Palmisano, "Analysis and modeling of thick metal spiral inductors on silicon," in Proc. IEEE Eur. Microw. Conf., Oct. 2005, pp. 81-84. (Pubitemid 46288378)
26. E. Ragonese and G. Palmisano, "Design of a SiGe BiCMOS low-noise amplifier for 24-GHz UWB automotive radar," in Eur. Agilent Technol. ADS Users' Group Meeting, Rome, May 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.home. agilent.com/upload/cmc-upload/All/Ragonese EuropeanADSMeetingweb. pdf
27. C. P. Yue and S. S. Wong, "On-chip spiral inductors with patterned ground shields for Si-based RF ICs," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 743-752, May 1998.
28. T. O. Dickson, M. LaCroix, S. Boret, D. Gloria, R. Beerkens, and S. P. Voinigescu, "30-100 GHz inductors and transformers for millimeter- wave (Bi)CMOS integrated circuits," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 123-133, Jan. 2005.
29. J. R. Long, "Monolithic transformers for silicon RF IC design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1368-1382, Sep. 2000.
30. W. S. Kim, X. Li, and M. Ismail, "A 2.4 GHz CMOS low noise amplifier using an inter-stage matching inductor," in Proc. Midwest Symp. Circuits Syst., Aug. 1999, vol. 2, pp. 1040-1043.
31. U. R. Pfeiffer, S. K. Reynolds, and B. A. Floyd, "A 77 GHz SiGe power amplifier for potential applications in automotive radar systems," in IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits Symp. Dig., Jun. 2004, pp. 91-94.
32. Y. Hamada, M. Tanomura, M. Ito, and K. Maruhashi, "A high gain 77 GHz power amplifier operating at 0.7 V based on 90 nm CMOS technology," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 329-331, May 2009.
33. Y. Li, M. Hung, S. Huang, and J. Lee, "A fully integrated 77 GHz FMCW radar system in 65 nm CMOS," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Tech. Dig., Feb. 2010, pp. 216-217.
34. J. Lin, K. To, D. Hammock, B. Knappenberger, M. Majerus, and W. Huang, "Power amplifier for 77-GHz automotive radar in 90-nm LP CMOS technology," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 292-294, May 2010.
35. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), 2009 Update System Drivers, 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.itrs.net/Links/2009ITRS /2009Chapters-2009Tables/2009-SysDrivers.pdf