Preliminary Results of the London Congestion Charging Scheme

Public Works Management & Policy

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 164-181

  Santos, Georgina ^a   Shaffer, Blake ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

congestion costs; demand elasticities; London congestion charging; road pricing; traffic congestion

Indexed keywords

EID: 8144224325     PISSN: 1087724X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1087724X04268569     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Acts of Parliament. ( 1999, November ). Greater London Authority Act 1999 c. 29. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Retrieved March 24, 2003, from www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts1999/19990029.htm
2. Acts of Parliament. ( 2000, December ). Transport Act 2000 c. 38. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
3. Automobile Association. ( 2003 ). Your guide to motoring costs. Retrieved July 2, 2003, from www.theaa.com/allaboutcars/advice/advice_rcosts_home.html
4. Commission of the European Communities, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations, and World Bank. ( 1993 ). System of national accounts 1993. Brussels, Luxembourg, New York, Paris, Washington, DC: Author.
5. Department of the Environment, Transport, and the Regions. ( 2001, March ). Transport economics note. Retrieved October 27, 2003, from www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_transstrat/documents/page/dft_transstrat_504865.hcsp
6. Dodgson, J., Young, J., & van derVeer, J. ( 2002, February ). Paying for road use (Technical report, A report to the Commission for Integrated Transport, National Economic Research Associates [NERA]). Retrieved March 1, 2003, from www.cfit.gov.uk/research/pfru/pdf/pfru-tech.pdf
7. Goodwin, P. ( 2003, October 29-31 ). The economic cost of congestion when road capacity is constrained: Lessons from congestion charging in London. CD-ROM16th International Symposium on Theory and Practice in Transport Economics of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport, Budapest, Hungary.
8. Goodwin, P.B. ( 1992 ). Areviewof newdemand elasticities with reference to short and long run effects to price changes. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 26 ( 2 ), 155 - 169.
9. Graham, D., & Glaister, S. ( 2002 ). The demand for automobile fuel: A survey of elasticities. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 36 ( 1 ), 1 - 25.
10. Greater London Authority. ( 2001 ) The mayor’s transport strategy. London: Greater London Authority. Available at www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/transport/trans_strat.jsp
11. Greater London Authority. ( 2004 ). The mayor’s annual report 2004. London: Greater London Authority. Available at www.london.gov.uk/mayor/annual_report/docs/ann_rpt_2004.pdf
12. Hardin, G. ( 1968, December 13 ). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162 ( 3859 ), 1243 - 1248.
13. Mackie, P., Wardman, M., Fowkes, A., Whelan, G., Nellthorp, J., & Bates, J. ( 2003 ). Values of travel time savings in the UK: Summary report (Report to the Department of Transport, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds). Available at www.its.leeds.ac.uk/working/downloads/VOTSummary.pdf
14. Market & Opinion Research International. ( 2003, July 9 ). Poll and surveys archive: London mayor ratings. Retrieved November 4, 2003, from www.mori.com/polls/2003/gla-june.shtml
15. May, A.D., Liu, R., Shepherd, S.P., & Sumalee, A. ( 2002 ). The impact of cordon design on the performance of road pricing schemes. Transport Policy, 9 ( 3 ), 209 - 220.
16. Ministry of Transport. ( 1964 ). Road pricing: The economic and technical possibilities. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
17. MVA Consultancy. ( 1995 ). The London Congestion Charging Research Programme: Final report. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
18. Nash, C. ( 1997 ). Transport externalities: Does monetary valuation make sense? In G. de Rus & C. Nash (Eds.), Recent developments in transport economics (pp. 232 - 254 ). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
19. Nash, C., & Sansom, T. ( 2001 ). Pricing European transport systems. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 35 ( 3 ), 363 - 380.
20. National Statistics. ( 2003, October ). New earnings survey 2003. Retrieved October 28, 2003, from www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/nes1003.pdf
21. Newbery, D.M. ( 1990 ). Pricing and congestion: Economic principles relevant to pricing roads. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 6 ( 2 ), 22 - 38.
22. Pigou, A.C. ( 1920 ). The economics of welfare. London: Macmillan.
23. ROCOLWorking Group. ( 2000 ). Road charging options for London: A technical assessment. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office. Retrieved May 25, 2002, from www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/20000038.htm
24. Sansom, T., Nash, C., Mackie, P., Shires, J., & Watkiss, P. ( 2001, July ) Surface transport costs and charges: GB 1998 (Final report to the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds). Retrieved February 24, 2003, from www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/STCC/downloads/SurfaceTransportCostsReport.pdf
25. Shepherd, S.P., & Sumalee, A. ( 2004 ). A genetic algorithm based approach to optimal toll level and location problems. Networks and Spatial Economics, 4, 161 - 179.
26. Transport for London. ( 2001 ). Transport statistics for London 2001. Retrieved July 2, 2003, from www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/pdfdocs/stats2001.pdf
27. Transport for London. ( 2002 a). Congestion charging: The 11 key numbers. Retrieved February 24, 2003, www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/cc_fact_sheet_key_numbers.shtml
28. Transport for London. ( 2002 b). Congestion charging: Public transport improvements before. Retrieved March 24, 2003, from www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/cc_improve_pt_before.shtml
29. Transport for London. ( 2002 c). London travel report 2002. Retrieved July 10, 2003, from www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/reports_library_stats.shtml
30. Transport for London ( 2003 a, June ). Central London congestion charging scheme: Three months on. Retrieved June 25, 2003, from www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/pdfdocs/congestion_charging/cc-three-month-report.pdf
31. Transport for London. ( 2003 b, October ). Congestion charging: Six months on. Retrieved October 23, 2003, from www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/downloads/pdf/congestion-charging/cc-6monthson.pdf
32. Transport for London ( 2003 c, June ). Impacts Monitoring Programme: First annual report. Retrieved June 25, 2003, from www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/cc_monitoring.shtml
33. Transport for London. ( 2004 ), Congestion charging: Update on scheme impacts and operations. Available from www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/downloads/pdf/congestion-charging/cc-12monthson.pdf
34. Verhoef, E. ( 2002 ). Second-best congestion pricing in general networks: Heuristic algorithms for finding second-best optimal toll levels and toll points. Transportation Research B, 36 ( 8 ), 707 - 729.
35. Walters, A. ( 1961 ). The theory and measurement of private and social cost of highway congestion. Econometrica, 29 ( 4 ), 676 - 699.
36. Westminster City Council. ( 2003 ). Congestion charging: Business survey: Results of Congestion Charging Survey. Available from www.westminster.gov.uk/roadsandstreets/congestioncharging/business_form.cfm
37. Zhang, X., & Yang, H. ( 2004 ). The optimal cordon-based network congestion pricing problem. Transportation Research B, 38, 517 - 537.