Evaluation of collocated measurements of radar reflectivity and particle sizes in ice clouds

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 50, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 2104-2119

  Pokharel, Binod ^a   Vali, Gabor ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCULATED VALUES; CLOUD RADAR; DATA SETS; DEGREE OF SCATTER; ICE CLOUDS; ICE CRYSTAL SHAPES; ICE WATER CONTENT; PARTICLE DENSITIES; PARTICLE IMAGING; POWER-LAW RELATIONSHIP; PRECIPITATION RATES; RADAR REFLECTIVITIES; SAMPLING LOCATION; SAMPLING PARTICLES; WYOMING;

CLOUDS; ICE; PARTICLE SIZE; PROBES; RADAR; RADAR IMAGING; REFLECTION;

RADAR MEASUREMENT;

AIRBORNE SURVEY; CLOUD WATER; ICE CRYSTAL; PARTICLE SIZE; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; STRATIFORM CLOUD;

EID: 81355141574     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-10-05010.1     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Bohren, C. F., and L. J. Battan, 1980: Radar backscattering by inhomogeneous precipitation particles. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1821-1827.
2. Brown, P. R. A., and P. N. Francis, 1995: Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 410-414.
3. Brown, P. R. A., A. J. Illingworth, A. J. Heymsfield, G. M. McFarquhar, K. A. Browning, and M. Gosset, 1995: The role of spaceborne millimeter-wave radar in the global monitoring of ice cloud. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2346-2366.
4. Cooper, W. A., and C. P. R. Saunders, 1980: Winter storms over the San Juan Mountains. Part II: Microphysical processes. J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 927-941.
5. Cooper, W. A., and G. Vali, 1981: The origin of ice in mountain cap clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1244-1259.
6. Delanoë, J., A. Protat, D. Bouniol, A. Heymsfield, A. Bansemer, and P. Brown, 2007: The characterization of ice cloud properties from Doppler radar measurements. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 1682-1698.
7. Frisch, S., M. Shupe, I. Djalalova, G. Feingold, and M. Poellot, 2002: The retrieval of stratus cloud droplet effective radius with cloud radars. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 835-842.
8. Gayet, J. F., P. R. A. Brown, and F. Albers, 1993: A comparison of in-cloud measurements obtained with six PMS 2D-C probes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 180-194.
9. Heymsfield, A. J., and D. Baumgardner, 1985: Summary of a workshop on processing of 2D probe data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 66, 437-440.
10. Heymsfield, A. J., C. Schmitt, A. Bansemer, and C. H. Twohy, 2010: Improved representation of ice particle masses based on observations in natural clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3303-3318.
11. Hogan, R. J., and A. J. Illingworth, 2003: Parameterizing ice cloud inhomogeneity and the overlap of inhomogeneities using cloud radar data. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 756-767.
12. Knollenberg, R. G., 1970: The optical array: An alternative to scattering or extinction for airborne particle size determination. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 86-103.
13. Korolev, A., 2007: Reconstruction of the sizes of spherical particles from their shadow images. Part I: Theoretical considerations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 376-389.
14. Korolev, A., J. W. Strapp, and G. A. Isaac, 1998: Evaluation of the accuracy of PMS optical array probes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 708-720.
15. Lhermitte, R., 2002: Centimeter and Millimeter Wavelength Radars in Meteorology. Lhermitte, 550 pp.
16. Liu, C.-L., and A. J. Illingworth, 2000: Toward more accurate retrievals of ice water content from radar measurements of clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1130-1146.
17. Locatelli, J. D., and P. V. Hobbs, 1974: Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2185.
18. Marchand, R., G. G. Mace, T. Ackerman, and G. Stephens, 2008: Hydrometeor detection using CloudSat-An Earth-orbiting 94-GHz cloud radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 519-533.
19. Matrosov, S. Y., 2007: Modeling backscatter properties of snowfall at millimeter wavelengths. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1727-1736.
20. Matrosov, S. Y., M. D. Shupe, and I. V. Djalalova, 2008: Snowfall retrievals using millimeter-wavelength cloud radars. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 769-777.
21. Mitchell, D. L., 1996: Use of mass- and area-dimensional power laws for determining precipitation particle terminal velocities. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1710-1723.
22. Okamoto, H., 2002: Information content of the 95-GHz cloud radar signals: Theoretical assessment of effects of nonsphericity and error evaluation of the discrete dipole approximation. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4628, doi:10.1029/2001JD001386.
23. Pazmany, A., J. Mead, R. E. McIntosh, M. Hervig, R. Kelly, and G. Vali, 1994: 95-GHz polarimetric radar measurements of orographic cap clouds. J. Atmos.Oceanic Technol., 11, 140-153.
24. Protat, A., J. Delanoë, D. Bouniol, A. J. Heymsfield, A. Bansemer, and P. Brown, 2007: Evaluation of ice water content retrievals from cloud radar reflectivity and temperature using a large airborne in situ microphysical database. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 557-572.
25. Protat, A., and Coauthors, 2009: Assessment of CloudSat reflectivity measurements and ice cloud properties using ground-based and airborne cloud radar observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 1717-1741.
26. Ramanathan, V., R. D. Cess, E. F. Harrison, P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, E.Ahmad, andD.Hartmann, 1989: Cloud-radiative forcing and climate change: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. Science, 243, 57-63.
27. e and LDR of nonspherical and inhomogeneous ice particles for 95-GHz cloud radar: Its implication to microphysical retrievals. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22213, doi:10.1029/2005JD006959.
28. Stephens, G. L., 2005: Cloud feedbacks in the climate system: A critical review. J. Climate, 18, 237-273.
29. Stephens, G. L., and Coauthors, 2002: The CloudSat Mission and the A-Train. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1771-1790.
30. Ulaby, F. T., R. K. Moore, and K. Fung, 1981: Microwave Remote Sensing Fundamentals. Vol. I, Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive, Addison-Wesley, 456 pp.
31. Wang, Z., G. M. Heymsfield, L. Li, and A. J. Heymsfield, 2005: Retrieving optically thick ice cloud microphysical properties by using airborne dual-wavelength radar measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D19201, doi:10.1029/2005JD005969.
32. Zikmunda, J., and G. Vali, 1972: Fall patterns and fall velocities of rimed ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1334-1347.