Development, the environment and ecuador's oil patch: The context and nuances of the case against Texaco

Journal of Third World Studies

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 11-39

  Rochlin, James ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMODITY MARKET; DEBT CRISIS; OIL INDUSTRY; PRICE DYNAMICS;

ECUADOR;

EID: 81255175989     PISSN: 87553449     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (55)

1. For a good overview of the economic history of Ecuador, see Fander Falconi-Benitez, "Integrated Assessment of the Recent Economic History of Ecuador", Population and Environment, vol. 22, Number 3, January 2001, pp. 257-279.
2. Banco Central del Ecuador, La Actividad Petrolera en el Ecuador en la Década de los 80 (Quito: Banco Centra! del Ecuador, 2000), pp. 1-3.
3. Liisa North, "Militares y Estado en Ecuador", Iconos, 6, 2006, pp 86-88.
4. "Ecuador, Oil Up for Grabs", NACLA's Latin America and Empire Report, November 1975, p. 31.
5. Gustavo Esteva, "Regenerating People's Space", Alternatives, vol. 12, #198, 1987, p. 143.
6. Liisa North, "Implementación de la polftica económica y la estructura de poder politica en el Ecuador", in Luis Lefeber, ed., Economia Politico del Ecuador (Quito: Flacso and Cerlac, 1985).
7. John Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1987), p 55.
8. Banco Central del Ecuador, La Actividad Petrolera en el Ecuador en la Decada de los 80, p. 4.
9. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador, pp. 57-59.
10. This is an excerpt from the document, República del Ecuador, Filosqflay plan de accion delgobierno revolucionarioy nacionalista del Ecuador: lineamientos generates, published in 1972. This is taken from a larger quote in Martz, p. 97
11. Banco Central de Ecuador, La Actividad Petrolera en el Ecuador en la Decada de los 80, pp. 4-6.
12. René Vargas Pazzos, "Petróleo, desarrollo y seguridad", from Institute de lnvestigaciones Económicos, Politica petrolera ecuatoriana, 1972-1976 (Quito: Universidad Central, 1976), p. 142.
13. Banco Central de Ecuador, La Actividad Petrolera en el Ecuador en la Década de los 80, p. 5.
14. John Martz, "Instability in Ecuador", Current History, vol. 87, #525, January 1988, pp 18-20.
15. Suzana Sawyer, "Fictions of Sovereignty " Journal of Latin American Anthropology, vol. 41, 2001, p. 164.
16. A. Hurtig and M. San Sebastian, "Incidence of Childhood Leukemia and Oil Exploration in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador", International Journal of Environmental Occupational Health, vol. 10, #3, July 2004, pp 245-46.
17. Suzana Sawyer, "Disabl ing Corporate Sovereignty in a Transnational Lawsuit", Political and Legal Anthropology Review, vol. 29, # 1, pp 27-28.
18. Steven Donzinger, "The Chevron Way", Forbes Magazine, 17 September 2009, pp. 5-6.
19. Liisa North, "Militarers y Estado en Ecuador", Iconos, Quito, #26, 2006, p 93.
20. Carlos Eduardo Paladines Camacho, Masters Thesis, Naval Post Graduate School, "Civil Military Operations in Ecuador", March 2003, pp. 35-52.
21. Carlos Larrea, "Neoliberal Policies and Social Development in Latin America: the Case of Ecuador", paper presented to the 2006 Congress of Social Sciences and Humanities, Cerlac, York University, Tononto, 2 Jun. 2006, p. 8. James Rochlin/Development, the Environment and Ecuador's Oil Patch: The Context and Nuances of the Case Against Texaco
22. Jose Antonio Lucero, "Crisis and Contention in Ecuador", Journal of Democracy, vol. 12, #2, April 2001, pp. 60-62.
23. CIA World Factbook, 'Ecuador", https://www.cia.gov/library/ publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html, viewed 25 May 2010.
24. Statistics from World Bank, 'Ecuador at a Glance', http://docs. google.corn/viewer?a=v&q=cache:6C5DMcfRXFMJ:devdata.worl dbank.org/AAG/ecu-aag.pdf+world+bank+ecuador+total+debt+se rvice+as+percentage+of+gdp&hl=en&gl=ve&pid=bl&srcid=ADG EESi4ReyEh3ffGQaOAmSh5aQH5uXwXSlsrr2qut2mzmT0DjHqPDJvd0ZHabnLVfOsGasniMH- LUV97hhuGPYb m-eHQmVwrbqJU9UtLAeeKFPwy2r54rGnebd4IActlK02I6z20j &sig=AHIEtbSudfrxaOF3inElQzy7cO-XlgArsg, viewed 25 May 2010.
25. James Rochlin, Social Forces and the Revolution in Military Affairs: the Cases of Colombia and Mexico (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).
26. See, for example: A Hurtig and Miguel San Sebastian, "Geographical Differences in Cancer Incidence in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador in Relation to Residence Near Oil Fields", International Journal of Epidemiology, 2002, vol. 31, pp. 1021-27; (Pubitemid 35452511)
27. A Hurtig and Miguel San Sebastian, "Incidence of Childhood Leukemia and Oil Exploration in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador", International Journal of Environmental Occupational Health, vol 10, #3, July 2004, pp 245-50; (Pubitemid 39167250)
28. A. Hurtig and Miguel San Sebastian, "Epidemiology vs epidemiology: the case of oil exploitation in the Amazon basis of Ecuador", International Journal of Epidemiology, pp 1170-72, August 2005; (Pubitemid 41535570)
29. Miguel San Sebastian and A Hurtig, "Oil exploration in the Amazon basis of Ecuador: a public health emergency", Panamerican Journal of Public Health, vol 15, #3, 2004, pp. 205-211; (Pubitemid 38541761)
30. Miguel San Sebastian and A Hurtig, "Cancer among Indigenous in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador, 1985-2000", Pan American Journal of Public Health, vol 16, #5, 2004, p. 328-333; (Pubitemid 39552918)
31. M San Sebastian and A K Hurtig, "Oil development and health in the Amazon basin of Ecuador: the popular epidemiology process", Social Science and Medicine, vol 60, 2005, pp 799-807; (Pubitemid 39574776)
32. Miguel San Sebastian, Ben Armstrong, Carolyn Stephens, "Outcomes of Pregnancy among Women Living in the proximity of oil fields in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador", International Journal of Occupational Environmental Health, vol 8, #4, Oct. 202, 312-19.
33. M. Kelsh, L. Morimoto, and E. Lau, "Cancer mortality and oil production in the Amazonian Region of Ecuador, 1990-2005", International Archives of Occupational Environmental Health, vol 82, 2009, p. 389.
34. See Chevron's website on the case, http://www.chevron. com/ecuador/.
35. See, for example, a 7 April 2010 report by the Environment News Service, http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/apr2010/2010-04-07-01.html, viewed I June 2010.
36. "Preliminary Determination of Contaminants in Water Collected from the Petroleum Production are of Lago Agrio (Pacayacu) in Ecuador", report prepared by Dr Ken Hall and Patricio Velasquez-Lopez, and funded by a UBC Martha Piper Grant, Dr James Rochlin, Principal Investigator, May 2009.
37. Interview by author, names of peasants withheld by request, March 8 2008.
38. El Comercio, 21 December 2007.
39. El Comercio, 14 December 2007.
40. Interview, José Fajardo, 5 March 2008.
41. Interview, Diego Cano, 6 June 2010.
42. After a bitter struggle by the Shuar Indians, the station was re-opened after being shut down in January 2010.
43. As quoted in El Comercio, 19 January 2009.
44. Michel Foucault, The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences.
45. Arturo Escobar, "Reflections on 'Development'", Futures, vol. 24, June 1992, pp. 412-413.
46. Gustavo Esteva, "Regenerating People's Space", Alternatives, vol. 12, #198, 1987, p. 135.
47. See, for example: Jan Nederveen Pieterse, "My Paradigm or Yours? Alternative Development, Post-Development, Reflexive Development", Development and Change, vol. 29, 1998, pp. 343-373;
48. Stuart Corbridge, "Beneath the Pavement Only Soil: the Poverty of Post Development", Journal of Developmental Studies, vol. 34, #6, 1998, pp. 138-148;
49. Ray Kiley, "The Last Refuge of the Noble Savage? Critical Assessment of Post-Development Theory", European Journal of Development Research, vol. 11, #1, June 1999, pp. 30-55;
50. Meera Nanda, "Who Needs Post-Development?" Journal of Development Studies, vol. 15, #1, 1999, pp. 5-31;
51. Andrew McGregor, "Development, Foreign Aid and Post Development in Timor-Leste", Third World Quarterly, vol 28, #1, 2007, pp. 155-170;
52. and Chizu Sato, "Subjectivity, Enjoyment, and Development", Rethinking Marxism, vol. 18, #2, April 2006, pp. 273-288.
53. United Nations, Final Report of the Mission on Human Security, May 2003, http://humansecurity-chc.org/finalreport/, p. 2.
54. United Nations, p. 17, p. 96, p. 97, p. 104, p. 15.
55. United Nations, p. 5, p. 2.