Visual impairment in children in middle- and lower-income countries

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 96, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 1129-1134

  Courtright, Paul ^a,b   Hutchinson, Amy K ^b   Lewallen, Susan ^a,b  

^a Good Samaritan Foundation   (Tanzania)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CATARACT; CHILD; HUMAN; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MEDICAL EDUCATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT;

BLINDNESS; CATARACT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; GLAUCOMA; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; REFRACTIVE ERRORS; RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY; VISION, LOW; VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY;

EID: 81255160588     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300093     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Hussaini G, et al. Increased mortality in children with mild vitamin A deficiency. Lancet 1983;2:585-8. (Pubitemid 13051044)
2. Pizzarello L, Abiose A, Ffytche T, et al. VISION 2020: The Right to Sight: a global initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:615-20. (Pubitemid 38456298)
3. Gilbert C, Foster A. Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020-the right to sight. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79:227-32. (Pubitemid 32246481)
4. World Health Organization. Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness. Geneva: WHO, 1997.
5. Gilbert CE, Anderton L, Dandona L, et al. Prevalence of visual impairment in children: a review of available data. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 1999;6:73-82. (Pubitemid 29313004)
6. Gogate P, Kalua K, Courtright P. Blindness in childhood in developing countries: time for a reassessment? PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000177.
7. Muhit MA, Shah SP, Gilbert CE, et al. Causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in Bangladesh: a study of 1935 children. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1000-4. (Pubitemid 47122100)
8. Shirima S, Lewallen S, Kabona G, et al. Estimating numbers of blind children for planning services: findings in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:1560-2.
9. Razavi H, Kuper H, Rezvan F, et al. Prevalence and causes of severe visual impairment and blindness among children in the lorestan province of iran, using the key informant method. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2010;17:95-102.
10. Muhammad N, Maishanu NM, Jabo AM, et al. Tracing children with blindness and visual impairment using the key informant survey in a district of north- Western Nigeria. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2010;17:330-4.
11. Kalua K, Patel D, Muhit M, et al. Causes of blindness among children identified through village key informants in Malawi. Can J Ophthalmol 2008;43:425-7.
12. Xiao B, Fan J, Deng Y, et al. Using key informant method to assess the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in Xiu'shui County, Jiangxi Province, Southeast China. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2011;18:30-5.
13. Gogate P, Kishore H, Dole K, et al. The pattern of childhood blindness in Karnataka, South India. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2009;16:212-17.
14. Njuguna M, Msukwa G, Shilio B, et al. Causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in schools for the blind in eastern Africa: changes in the last 14 years. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2009;16:151-5.
15. Gao Z, Muecke J, Edussuriya K, et al. A survey of severe visual impairment and blindness in children attending thirteen schools for the blind in sri lanka. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2011;18:36-43.
16. Patel DK, Tajunisah I, Gilbert C, et al. Childhood blindness and severe visual impairment in Malaysia: a nationwide study. Eye (Lond) 2011;25:436-42.
17. Gilbert C, Foster A, Négrel AD, et al. Childhood blindness: a new form for recording causes of visual loss in children. Bull World Health Organ 1993;71:485-9. (Pubitemid 23339739)
18. Rahi JS, Cable N. Severe visual impairment and blindness in children in the UK. Lancet 2003;362:1359-65. (Pubitemid 37338336)
19. Bhattacharjee H, Das K, Borah RR, et al. Causes of childhood blindness in the northeastern states of India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008;56:495-9.
20. Gilbert C. Retinopathy of prematurity: a global perspective of the epidemics, population of babies at risk and implications for control. Early Hum Dev 2008;84:77-82.
21. Campbell K. Intensive oxygen therapy as a possible cause of retrolental fibroplasia; a clinical approach. Med J Aust 1951;2:48-50.
22. Gilbert C, Fielder A, Gordillo L, et al. Characteristics of infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity in countries with low, moderate, and high levels of development: implications for screening programs. Pediatrics 2005;115:e518-25. (Pubitemid 43843209)
23. Gilbert C. Changing challenges in the control of blindness in children. Eye (Lond) 2007;21:1338-43. (Pubitemid 47534747)
24. Skalet AH, Quinn GE, Ying GS, et al. Telemedicine screening for retinopathy of prematurity in developing countries using digital retinal images: a feasibility project. J AAPOS 2008;12:252-8.
25. Quinn GE, Gilbert C, Darlow BA, et al. Retinopathy of prematurity: an epidemic in the making. Chin Med J 2010;123:2929-37.
26. Mintz-Hittner HA, Kennedy KA, Chuang AZ. Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med 2011;364:603-15.
27. Carlo WA, Finer NN, Walsh MC, et al. Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1959-69.
28. Papadopoulos M, Cable N, Rahi J, et al. The British Infantile and Childhood Glaucoma (BIG) Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:4100-6. (Pubitemid 351261035)
29. Ben-Zion I, Tomkins O, Moore DB, et al. Surgical results in the management of advanced primary congenital glaucoma in a rural pediatric population. Ophthalmology 2011;118:231-5.e1.
30. Mandal AK, Bhatia PG, Bhaskar A, et al. Long-term surgical and visual outcomes in Indian children with developmental glaucoma operated on within 6 months of birth. Ophthalmology 2004;111:283-90. (Pubitemid 38183228)
31. Onwasigwe EN, Ezegwui IR, Onwasigwe CN, et al. Management of primary congenital glaucoma by trabeculectomy in Nigeria. Ann Trop Paediatr 2008;28:49-52.
32. Bowman RJ, Dickerson M, Mwende J, et al. Outcomes of goniotomy for primary congenital glaucoma in East Africa. Ophthalmology 2011;118:236-40.
33. Beck AD. Primary congenital glaucoma in the developing world. Ophthalmology 2011;118:229-30.
34. Wright KW. Visual development and amblyopia. In: Wright KW, Spiegel PH, eds. Pediatric Opthalmology and Strabismus. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag 2003:159.
35. Simons K. Amblyopia characterization, treatment, and prophylaxis. Surv Ophthalmol 2005;50:123-66. (Pubitemid 40340947)
36. Msukwa G, Njuguna M, Tumwesigye C, et al. Cataract in children attending schools for the blind and resource centers in eastern Africa. Ophthalmology 2009;116:1009-12.
37. World Health Organization. Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995-2005: WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency. Geneva: WHO, 2009.
38. Kello AB, Gilbert C. Causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in schools for the blind in Ethiopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:526-30. (Pubitemid 36535315)
39. Gilbert CE, Canovas R, Hagan M, et al. Causes of childhood blindness: results from west Africa, south India and Chile. Eye (Lond) 1993;7:184-8. (Pubitemid 23129959)
40. Zeidan Z, Hashim K, Muhit MA, et al. Prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in camps for displaced persons in Khartoum: results of a household survey. East Mediterr Health J 2007;13:580-5. (Pubitemid 47091265)
41. Waddell KM. Childhood blindness and low vision in Uganda. Eye (Lond) 1998;12:184-92. (Pubitemid 28263851)
42. Courtright P, Williams T, Gilbert C, et al. Measuring cataract surgical services in children: an example from Tanzania. Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92:1031-4.
43. Khandekar R, Sudhan A, Jain BK, et al. Pediatric cataract and surgery outcomes in Central India: a hospital based study. Indian J Med Sci 2007;61:15-22.
44. Agarwal PK, Bowman R, Courtright P. Child Eye Health Tertiary Facilities in Africa. J AAPOS 2010;14:263-6.
45. Foster A, Gilbert C, Rahi J. Epidemiology of cataract in childhood: a global perspective. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23 (Suppl 1) : 601-4. (Pubitemid 27357972)
46. Mwende J, Bronsard A, Mosha M, et al. Delay in presentation to hospital for surgery for congenital and developmental cataract in Tanzania. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:1478-82. (Pubitemid 41527386)
47. Eriksen JR, Bronsard A, Mosha M, et al. Predictors of poor follow-up in children that had cataract surgery. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2006;13:237-43. (Pubitemid 44180004)
48. Zhao J, Pan X, Sui R, et al. Refractive Error Study in Children: results from Shunyi District, China. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:427-35. (Pubitemid 30184911)
49. Maul E, Barroso S, Munoz SR, et al. Refractive Error Study in Children: results from La Florida, Chile. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:445-54. (Pubitemid 30184913)
50. Naidoo KS, Raghunandan A, Mashige KP, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in African children in South Africa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3764-70. (Pubitemid 37047944)
51. Pokharel GP, Negrel AD, Munoz SR, et al. Refractive Error Study in Children: results from Mechi Zone, Nepal. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:436-44. (Pubitemid 30184912)
52. World Health Organization. Preventing Blindness in Children: Report of a WHO/ IAPB Scientific Meeting. Hyderabad: WHO, 1999.
53. Muhit MA, Shah SP, Gilbert CE, et al. The key informant method: a novel means of ascertaining blind children in Bangladesh. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:995-9. (Pubitemid 47122099)
54. Kalua K, Patel D, Muhit M, et al. Productivity of key informants for identifying blind children: evidence from a pilot study in Malawi. Eye (Lond) 2009;23:7-9.
55. Wedner S, Masanja H, Bowman R, et al. Two strategies for correcting refractive errors in school students in Tanzania: randomised comparison, with implications for screening programmes. Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92:19-24.
56. Kishiki E, Shirima S, Lewallen S, et al. Improving postoperative follow-up of children receiving surgery for congenital or developmental cataracts in Africa. J AAPOS 2009;13:280-2.
57. Mosha M, Courtright P. Change in educational opportunities for children who have had cataract surgery in Tanzania. Vis Impair Res 2008;10:44-8.