Childhood sexual abuse, HPA axis regulation, and mental health: An integrative review

Western Journal of Nursing Research

Volumn 33, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1069-1097

  Hulme, Polly A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

child abuse; childhood sexual abuse; HPA axis; integrative literature review

Indexed keywords

CHILD; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; HUMAN; HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS SYSTEM; MENTAL HEALTH; REVIEW; THEORETICAL MODEL;

CHILD; CHILD ABUSE, SEXUAL; HUMANS; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; MENTAL HEALTH; MODELS, THEORETICAL; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM;

EID: 81055137337     PISSN: 01939459     EISSN: 15528456     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0193945910388949     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Altemus M.,Cloitre M.,Dhabhar F. S.Enhanced cellular immune response in women with PTSD related to childhood abuse.American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:1705-1707.
2. Bet P. M.,Penninx B. W.,Bochdanovits Z.,Uitterlinden A. G.,Beekman A. T. F.,van Schoor N. M.,. . Hoogendijk W. J.Glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms and childhood adversity are associated with depression: New evidence of gene-environment interaction.American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics. 2009;150B:660-669.
3. Binder E. B.,Nemeroff C. B.The CRF system, depression and anxiety-Insights from human genetic studies.Molecular Psychiatry. 2010;15:574-588.
4. Bremner J. D.,Licinio J.,Darnell A.,Krystal J. H.,Owens M. J.,Southwick S. M.,. . Charney D. S.Elevated CSF corticotrophin-releasing factor concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder.American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154:624-629.
5. Bremner J. D.,Vermetten E.,Kelley M. E.Cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and estradiol measured over 24 hours in women with childhood sexual abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder.Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2007;195:919-927.
6. Bremner J. D.,Vythilingam M.,Vermetten E.,Adil J.,Khan S.,Nazeer A.,. . Charney D. S.Cortisol response to a cognitive stress challenge in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to childhood abuse.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003;28:733-750.
7. Buckingham J. C.Glucocorticoids: Exemplars of multi-tasking.British Journal of Pharmacology. 2006;147:S258-S268.
8. Carpenter L. L.,Carvalho J. P.,Tyrka A. R.,Wier L. M.,Mello A. F.,Mello M. F.,. . Price L. H.Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol responses to stress in healthy adults reporting significant childhood maltreatment.Biological Psychiatry. 2007;62:1080-1087.
9. Carpenter L. L.,Ross N. S.,Tyrka A. R.,Anderson G. M.,Kelly M.,Price L. H.Dex/CRH test cortisol response in outpatients with major depression and matched healthy controls.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34:1208-1213.
10. Chrousos G. P.Stress and disorders of the stress system.Nature Reviews: Endocrinology. 2009;5:374-381.
11. De Bellis M. D.,Baum A. S.,Birmaher B.,Keshavan M. J.,Eccard C. H.,Boring A. M.,. . Ryan N. D.Developmental traumatology: Part I. Biological stress systems.Biological Psychiatry. 1999;45:1259-1270.
12. De Bellis M. D.,Chrousos G. P.,Dorn L. D.,Burke L.,Helmers K.,Kling M. A.,. . Putnam F. W.Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in sexually abused girls.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1994;78:249-255.
13. Duval F.,Crocq M. A.,Guillon M. S.,Mokrani M. C.,Monreal J.,Bailey P.,Macher J. P.Increased adrenocorticotropin suppression following dexamethasone administration in sexually abused adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29:1281-1289.
14. Edwards S.,Clow A.,Evans P.,Hucklebridge F.Exploration of the awakening cortisol response in relation to diurnal cortisol secretory activity.Life Sciences. 2001;68:2093-2103.
15. Finkelhor D.Prevention of sexual abuse through educational programs directed toward children.Pediatrics. 2007;120:640-645.
16. Finkelhor D.The prevention of childhood sexual abuse.Future of Children. 2009;19:169-194.
17. Finkelhor D.,Hotaling G.,Lewis I. A.,Smith C.Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors.Child Abuse & Neglect. 1990;14:19-28.
18. Finkelhor D.,Turner H.,Ormrod R.,Hamby S. L.Trends in childhood violence and abuse exposure: Evidence from 2 national surveys.Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 2010;164:238-242.
19. Frodl T. S.,Koutsouleris N.,Bottlender R.,Born C.,Jäger M.,Scupin I.,. . Meisenzahl E. M.Depression-related variation in brain morphology over 3 years: Effect of stress?.Archives of General Psychiatry. 2008;65:1156-1165.
20. Ganong L. H.Integrative reviews of nursing research.Research in Nursing & Health. 1987;10:1-11.
21. Gordis L.Epidemiology. 2009). Epidemiology (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders; 2009:.
22. Griffin M. G.,Resick P. A.,Yehuda R.Enhanced cortisol suppression following dexamethasone administration in domestic violence survivors.American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162:1192-1199.
23. Hauger R. L.,Risbrough V.,Oakley R. H.,Olivares-Reyes J. A.,Dautzenberg F. M.Role of CRF receptor signaling in stress vulnerability, anxiety, and depression.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009;1179:120-143.
24. Heim C.,Mletzko T.,Purselle D.,Musselman D. L.,Nemeroff C. B.The dexamethasone/corticotrophin-releasing factor test in men with major depression: Role of childhood trauma.Biological Psychiatry. 2008;63:398-405.
25. Heim C.,Newport D. J.,Bonsall R.,Miller A. H.,Nemeroff C. B.Altered pituitary-adrenal axis responses to provocative challenge tests in adult survivors of childhood abuse.American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:575-581.
26. Heim C.,Newport D. J.,Heit S.,Graham Y. P.,Wilcox M.,Bonsall R.,. . Nemeroff C. B.Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood.Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000;284:592-597.
27. Heuser I.,Yassouridis A.,Holsboer F.The combined dexamethasone/CRH test: A refined laboratory test for psychiatric disorders.Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1994;28:341-356.
28. Holsboer F.,Barden N.Antidepressants and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation.Endocrine Reviews. 1996;17:187-205.
29. Holsboer F.,Ising M.Central CRH system in depression and anxiety-Evidence from clinical studies with CRH1 receptor antagonists.European Journal of Pharmacology. 2008;583:350-357.
30. Holsboer F.,Ising M.Stress hormone regulation: Biological role and translation into therapy.Annual Review of Psychology. 2010;61:81-109.
31. Jankord R.,Herman J. P.Limbic regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical function during acute and chronic stress.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008;1148:64-73.
32. Kasai K.,Yamasue H.,Gilbertson M. W.,Shenton M. E.,Rauch S. L.,Pitman R. K.Evidence for acquired pregenual anterior cingulate gray matter loss from a twin study of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.Biological Psychiatry. 2008;63:550-556.
33. Kenny M. C.Child sexual abuse prevention: Psychoeducational groups for preschoolers and their parents.Journal for Specialists in Group Work. 2009;34:24-42.
34. Kenny M. C.Child sexual abuse education with ethnically diverse families: A preliminary analysis.Children and Youth Services Review. 2010;32:981-989.
35. King J. A.,Mandansky D.,King S.,Fletcher K. E.,Brewer J.Early sexual abuse and low cortisol.Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2001;55:71-74.
36. Ladd C. O.,Thrivikraman K. V.,Huot R. L.,Plotsky P. M.Differential neuroendocrine responses to chronic variable stress in adult Long Evans rats exposed to handling-maternal separation as neonates.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005;30:520-533.
37. Lemieux M. A.,Coe C. L.Abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for chronic neuroendocrine activation in women.Psychosomatic Medicine. 1995;57:105-115.
38. Lupien S. J.,McEwen B. S.,Gunnar M. R.,Heim C.Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behavior and cognition.Nature Reviews: Neuroscience. 2009;10:434-445.
39. McEwen B. S.Early life influences on life-long patterns of behavior and health.Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. 2003;9:149-154.
40. McEwen B. S.,Wingfield J. C.What is in a name? Integrating homeostasis, allostasis and stress.Hormones and Behavior. 2010;57:105-111.
41. Meaney M. J.,Diorio J.,Francis D.,Widdowson J.,LaPlante P.,Caldji C.,. . Plotsky P. M.Early environmental regulation of forebrain glucocorticoid receptor gene expression: Implications for adrenocortical responses to stress.Developmental Neuroscience. 1996;18:49-72.
42. Mitra R.,Sapolsky R. M.Acute corticosterone treatment is sufficient to induce anxiety and amygdaloid dendritic hypertrophy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008;105:5573-5578.
43. Mitra R.,Sapolsky R. M.Expression of chimeric estrogen-glucocorticoid-receptor in the amygdala reduces anxiety.Brain Research. 2010;1342:33-38.
44. Nader N.,Chrousos G. P.,Kino T.Interactions of the circadian clock system and the HPA axis.Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolisms. 2010;21:277-286.
45. Neigh G. N.,Gillespie C. F.,Nemeroff C. B.The neurobiological toll of child abuse and neglect.Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2009;10:389-410.
46. Nemeroff C. B.The role of corticotrophin-releasing factor in the pathogenesis of major depression.Pharmacopsychiatry. 1988;21:76-82.
47. Newport D. J.,Heim C.,Bonsall R.,Miller A. H.,Nemeroff C. B.Pituitary-adrenal responses to standard and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests in adult survivors of child abuse.Biological Psychiatry. 2004;55:10-20.
48. Nicolaides N. C.,Galata Z.,Kino T.,Chrousos G. P.,Charmandari E.The human glucocorticoid receptor: Molecular basis of biologic function.Steroids. 2010;75:1-12.
49. Oitzl M. S.,Champagne D. L.,van der Veen R.,de Kloet E. R.Brain development under stress: Hypotheses of glucocorticoid actions revisited.Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2010;34:853-866.
50. Pereda N.,Guilera G.,Forns M.,Gómez-Benito J.The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse: A continuation of Finkelhor (1994).Child Abuse & Neglect. 2009;33:331-342.
51. Popejoy L. L.,Moylan K.,Galambos C.A review of discharge planning research of older adults 1990-2008.Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2009;31:923-947.
52. Pruessner J. C.,Dedovic K.,Pruessner M.,Lord C.,Buss C.,Collins L.,. . Lupien S. J.Stress regulation in the central nervous system: Evidence from structural and functional neuroimagining studies in human populations-2008 Curt Richter Award Winner.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010;35:179-191.
53. Ribeiro S. C. M.,Tandon R.,Grunhaus L.,Greden J. F.The DST as a predictor of outcome in depression: A meta-analysis.American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150:1618-1629.
54. Rodrigues S. M.,LeDoux J. E.,Sapolsky R. M.The influence of stress hormones on fear circuitry.Annual Review of Neuroscience. 2009;32:289-313.
55. Roozendaal B.,McEwen B. S.,Chattarji S.Stress, memory and the amygdala.Nature Reviews: Neuroscience. 2009;10:423-433.
56. Runyan D. K.Prevalence, risk, sensitivity, and specificity: A commentary on the epidemiology of child sexual abuse and the development of a research agenda.Child Abuse & Neglect. 1998;22:493-498.
57. Schaefer G. A.,Mundt I. A.,Feelgood S.,Hupp E.,Neutze J.,Ahlers C. J.,. . Beier K. M.Potential and Dunkelfeld offenders: Two neglected target groups for prevention of child sexual abuse.International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 2010;33:154-163.
58. Seeman T.,Epel E.,Gruenewald T.,Karlamangla A.,McEwen B. S.Socio-economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2010;1186:223-239.
59. Shonkoff J. P.,Boyce W. T.,McEwen B. S.Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: Building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention.Journal of the American Medical Association. 2009;301:2252-2259.
60. Spijker A. T.,van Rossum E. F.Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms in major depression: Focus on glucocorticoid sensitivity and neurocognitive functioning.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009;1179:199-215.
61. Stein M. B.,Yehuda R.,Koverola C.,Hanna C.Enhanced dexamethasone suppression of plasma cortisol in adult women traumatized by childhood sexual abuse.Biological Psychiatry. 1997;42:680-686.
62. Yehuda R.,Southwick S. M.,Krystal J. H.,Bremner D.,Charney D. S.,Mason J. W.Enhanced suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in posttraumatic stress disorder.American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150:83-86.
63. Young E. A.,Veldhuis J. D.Disordered adrenocorticotropin secretion in women with major depression.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;91:1924-1928.
64. Yu S.,Holsboer F.,Almeida O. F.Neuronal actions of glucocorticoids: Focus on depression.Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2008;108:300-309.