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1
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84888470083
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The plaintiffs challenged the field trial permit by the FOEN (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment) on procedural grounds, claiming that the step-by-step approval process required by law was not properly implemented. The court approved the plaintiffs' request to delay the beginning of the field trial until the court had decided. However, the court eventually decided against the plaintiffs, judging that the approval procedure had been correctly implemented. But the court decision came too late for the field trial to start as planned
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The plaintiffs challenged the field trial permit by the FOEN (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment) on procedural grounds, claiming that the step-by-step approval process required by law was not properly implemented. The court approved the plaintiffs' request to delay the beginning of the field trial until the court had decided. However, the court eventually decided against the plaintiffs, judging that the approval procedure had been correctly implemented. But the court decision came too late for the field trial to start as planned.
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2
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84888442541
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This part of the data collection and cost estimation was carried out by Dr. Hans Hosbach from FOEN
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This part of the data collection and cost estimation was.carried out by Dr. Hans Hosbach from FOEN
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3
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84888441882
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E.g. the Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), the Office for Waste, Water, Energy and Air (AWEL) of the Canton of Zurich, the Office for the Environment and Energy of the Canton of Vaud (SEVEN), the Federal Committee for Biosafety, and the Federal Ethics Committee on Non-Human Biotechnology
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E.g. the Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), the Office for Waste, Water, Energy and Air (AWEL) of the Canton of Zurich, the Office for the Environment and Energy of the Canton of Vaud (SEVEN), the Federal Committee for Biosafety, and the Federal Ethics Committee on Non-Human Biotechnology.
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4
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84888443039
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The application fees charged by the FOEN were funded by the SNSF, the remaining expenses by the applicants' institutions. The production of the GM seeds took around 15 months and cost around 100,000 EUR (including the gardener, energy in the greenhouse, soil, fertilizer, and plant protection products, and infrastructure). We include these costs in our estimate because the seed production in the greenhouse as required by the FOEN is much more expensive than the usual seed production in the field (without any regulatory restrictions it would have cost no more than around 3,700 EUR to produce the seeds). Salaries of scientists are not included in the mentioned amounts. The translation of the applications into German and French is not included in our cost estimates because we could not reliably estimate the total work time and costs of this activity
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The application fees charged by the FOEN were funded by the SNSF, the remaining expenses by the applicants' institutions. The production of the GM seeds took around 15 months and cost around 100,000 EUR (including the gardener, energy in the greenhouse, soil, fertilizer, and plant protection products, and infrastructure). We include these costs in our estimate because the seed production in the greenhouse as required by the FOEN is much more expensive than the usual seed production in the field (without any regulatory restrictions it would have cost no more than around 3,700 EUR to produce the seeds). Salaries of scientists are not included in the mentioned amounts. The translation of the applications into German and French is not included in our cost estimates because we could not reliably estimate the total work time and costs of this activity.
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5
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84888472926
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The initial security installation costs at the ART field were around 275,000 EUR, of which 248,000 EUR were paid by the SNSF and 27,000 EUR were paid by ART. In 2008 and 2009, the operational expenses for security were 335,000 and 307,000 EUR respectively, paid by the SNSF. The cost for the security guard (168'000 EUR) took up the largest part of the security costs, followed by the enhancement of the infrastructure for surveillance of the field (146,000 EUR in 2009). Accordingly, the security costs in 2010 were around 186,000 EUR. The damage inflicted by the attack in 2008 at the ART field was in the order of 183,000 EUR, measured by what it would have cost to set up the field experiment again.
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The initial security installation costs at the ART field were around 275,000 EUR, of which 248,000 EUR were paid by the SNSF and 27,000 EUR were paid by ART. In 2008 and 2009, the operational expenses for security were 335,000 and 307,000 EUR respectively, paid by the SNSF. The cost for the security guard (168'000 EUR) took up the largest part of the security costs, followed by the enhancement of the infrastructure for surveillance of the field (146,000 EUR in 2009). Accordingly, the security costs in 2010 were around 186,000 EUR. The damage inflicted by the attack in 2008 at the ART field was in the order of 183,000 EUR, measured by what it would have cost to set up the field experiment again. However, some of the scientists involved decided not to repeat the first trial year at Reckenholz. Hence we do not include these costs. The site in Pully spent 193,000 EUR for the security guard and around 80,000 EUR for the initial installation of the security infrastructure and its maintenance Personnel costs for technical coordination of biosafety and security amounted to 69,000 EUR in Reckenholz and 70,000 EUR in Pully.
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6
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84888471584
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If infrastructure costs are added, a 6 months field trial with GM wheat costs around 365,000 EUR in the cases examined, including all security and biosafety measures. Because expenses for the security guard make up the largest share of the security costs, the total amount would increase if other GM crops with a longer growth period were tested in the field
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If infrastructure costs are added, a 6 months field trial with GM wheat costs around 365,000 EUR in the cases examined, including all security and biosafety measures. Because expenses for the security guard make up the largest share of the security costs, the total amount would increase if other GM crops with a longer growth period were tested in the field.
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7
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84888463852
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The field trials and their results may, of course, also change public perceptions of the benefits and risks of GM plants. However, such effects are longer-term and cannot be quantified for the time being
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The field trials and their results may, of course, also change public perceptions of the benefits and risks of GM plants. However, such effects are longer-term and cannot be quantified for the time being.
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8
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84888445432
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Further analysis should focus both on basic research costs and additional costs and distinguish countries in which both types of costs are similar and low or similar and high. While the ratio would in both cases be similar or even identical, the underlying cost structures could differ very strongly
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Further analysis should focus both on basic research costs and additional costs and distinguish countries in which both types of costs are similar and low or similar and high. While the ratio would in both cases be similar or even identical, the underlying cost structures could differ very strongly.
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9
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84888466259
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Based on estimates by Agroscope
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Based on estimates by Agroscope.
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