메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 879-890

Population extinctions in the Italian diurnal lepidoptera: An analysis of possible causes

Author keywords

Butterflies; Extinctions; Global change; Habitat loss; Zygenids

Indexed keywords

AUTECOLOGY; BUTTERFLY; DATA SET; EXTINCTION; GLOBAL CHANGE; HABITAT LOSS; HABITAT QUALITY; PROBABILITY; SPECIES OCCURRENCE; VULNERABILITY;

EID: 80855144755     PISSN: 1366638X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10841-011-9387-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (84)
  • 2
    • 80855150088 scopus 로고
    • Lepidoptera
    • Miscellanea di Filosophia e Matematica della Società Reale di Torino per gli anni 1762-1765 N. 3185-3198
    • Allioni C (1766) Lepidoptera. In: Manipulus Insectorum Taurinensium a Carolo Allionio editus. Miscellanea di Filosophia e Matematica della Società Reale di Torino per gli anni 1762-1765 N. 3185-3198.
    • (1766) Manipulus Insectorum Taurinensium a Carolo Allionio editus
    • Allioni, C.1
  • 3
    • 0002703895 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the conservation of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Italy, with recommendations for the future strategy
    • Balletto E, Kudrna O (1985) Some aspects of the conservation of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Italy, with recommendations for the future strategy. Boll Soc Ent Ital 117: 39-59.
    • (1985) Boll Soc Ent Ital , vol.117 , pp. 39-59
    • Balletto, E.1    Kudrna, O.2
  • 5
    • 45449110294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionoidea
    • In: Ruffo S, Stoch F (eds) 10, 000 terrestrial and inland water species. 2nd and revised edition-Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 2° serie, Sez. Scienze della Vita 280 pls on CD-ROM
    • Balletto E, Bonelli S, Cassulo L (2007) Insecta Lepidoptera Papilionoidea. In: Ruffo S, Stoch F (eds) Checklist and distribution of the Italian Fauna. 10, 000 terrestrial and inland water species. 2nd and revised edition-Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 2° serie, Sez. Scienze della Vita. 17: 257-261, 280 pls on CD-ROM.
    • (2007) Checklist and distribution of the Italian Fauna , vol.17 , pp. 257-261
    • Balletto, E.1    Bonelli, S.2    Cassulo, L.3
  • 7
    • 0030404983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization and depopulation in the Alps
    • Bätzing W, Perlik M, Dekleva M (1996) Urbanization and depopulation in the Alps. Mt Res Devel 16: 335-350.
    • (1996) Mt Res Devel , vol.16 , pp. 335-350
    • Bätzing, W.1    Perlik, M.2    Dekleva, M.3
  • 9
    • 3242678931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active choice, passive attraction and the cognitive machinery of acoustic preferences
    • Castellano S, Rosso A, Giacoma C (2004) Active choice, passive attraction and the cognitive machinery of acoustic preferences. Anim Behav 68: 323-329.
    • (2004) Anim Behav , vol.68 , pp. 323-329
    • Castellano, S.1    Rosso, A.2    Giacoma, C.3
  • 10
    • 0037012826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis
    • Ceballos G, Ehrlich PR (2002) Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis. Science 296: 904-907.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 904-907
    • Ceballos, G.1    Ehrlich, P.R.2
  • 11
    • 48849086744 scopus 로고
    • Land use change and biodiversity conservation in the Alps
    • Chemini C, Rizzoli A (1993) Land use change and biodiversity conservation in the Alps. J MT Ecol 7: 1-7.
    • (1993) J MT Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 1-7
    • Chemini, C.1    Rizzoli, A.2
  • 13
    • 58149216509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High variability in patterns of population decline: the importance of local processes in species extinctions
    • Cowlishaw G, Pettifor RA, Isaac NJB (2009) High variability in patterns of population decline: the importance of local processes in species extinctions. Proc R Soc B 276: 63-69.
    • (2009) Proc R Soc B , vol.276 , pp. 63-69
    • Cowlishaw, G.1    Pettifor, R.A.2    Isaac, N.J.B.3
  • 14
    • 80855162744 scopus 로고
    • Panphyton siculum sive historia naturalis de animalibus stirpibus, fossilibus, quae in Sicilia, vel in circuito ejus invenientur
    • Cupani F (1713) Panphyton siculum sive historia naturalis de animalibus stirpibus, fossilibus, quae in Sicilia, vel in circuito ejus invenientur. Panormi, Ex Typographia Regia Antonini Epiro.
    • (1713) Panormi,Ex Typographia Regia Antonini Epiro
    • Cupani, F.1
  • 16
    • 0033492178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in butterfly distributions maps: the effects of sampling effort
    • Dennis RLH, Sparks TH, Hardy PB (1999) Bias in butterfly distributions maps: the effects of sampling effort. J Insect Conserv 3: 33-34.
    • (1999) J Insect Conserv , vol.3 , pp. 33-34
    • Dennis, R.L.H.1    Sparks, T.H.2    Hardy, P.B.3
  • 17
    • 0041709169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a functional resource-based concept for habitat: a butterfly biology viewpoint
    • Dennis RLH, Shreeve TG, van Dyck H (2003) Towards a functional resource-based concept for habitat: a butterfly biology viewpoint. Oikos 102: 417-426.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.102 , pp. 417-426
    • Dennis, R.L.H.1    Shreeve, T.G.2    van Dyck, H.3
  • 18
    • 33644515507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitats and resources: the need for a resource-based definition to conserve butterflies
    • Dennis RLH, Shreeve TG, van Dyck H (2006) Habitats and resources: the need for a resource-based definition to conserve butterflies. Biodivers Conserv 15: 1943-1966.
    • (2006) Biodivers Conserv , vol.15 , pp. 1943-1966
    • Dennis, R.L.H.1    Shreeve, T.G.2    van Dyck, H.3
  • 19
    • 84971084678 scopus 로고
    • Extant unless proven extinct? Or extinct unless proven extant?
    • Diamond JM (1987) Extant unless proven extinct? Or extinct unless proven extant? Conserv Biol 1: 77-79.
    • (1987) Conserv Biol , vol.1 , pp. 77-79
    • Diamond, J.M.1
  • 20
    • 80855162742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European environment-state and outlook 2005
    • EEA-European Environment Agency
    • EEA-European Environment Agency (2005) The European environment-state and outlook 2005. Copenhagen. http://europa. eu. int.
    • (2005) Copenhagen
  • 21
    • 0028590627 scopus 로고
    • Energy use and biodiversity loss
    • Ehrlich PR (1994) Energy use and biodiversity loss. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 344: 99-104.
    • (1994) Phil Trans R Soc Lond B , vol.344 , pp. 99-104
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1
  • 22
    • 0027498604 scopus 로고
    • Population extinction and saving biodiversity
    • Ehrlich PR, Daily GC (1993) Population extinction and saving biodiversity. Ambio 22: 64-68.
    • (1993) Ambio , vol.22 , pp. 64-68
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1    Daily, G.C.2
  • 23
    • 32144462084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation
    • Ewers RM, Didham RK (2006) Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation. Biol Rev 81: 117-142.
    • (2006) Biol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 117-142
    • Ewers, R.M.1    Didham, R.K.2
  • 26
    • 0004291823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford, USA: Oxford University Press
    • Hanski I (1999) Metapopulation ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, USA.
    • (1999) Metapopulation Ecology
    • Hanski, I.1
  • 28
    • 0031895156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadening the extinction debate: population deletions and additions in California and Western Australia
    • Hobbs RJ, Mooney HA (1998) Broadening the extinction debate: population deletions and additions in California and Western Australia. Conserv Biol 12: 271-283.
    • (1998) Conserv Biol , vol.12 , pp. 271-283
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Mooney, H.A.2
  • 29
    • 0002002528 scopus 로고
    • A simplified Monte Carlo significance test procedure
    • Hope ACA (1968) A simplified Monte Carlo significance test procedure. J R Stat Soc 30: 582-598.
    • (1968) J R Stat Soc , vol.30 , pp. 582-598
    • Hope, A.C.A.1
  • 30
    • 0842298440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declines in the numbers of amateur and professional taxonomists: implications for conservation
    • Hopkins GW, Freckleton RP (2002) Declines in the numbers of amateur and professional taxonomists: implications for conservation. Anim Conserv 5: 245-249.
    • (2002) Anim Conserv , vol.5 , pp. 245-249
    • Hopkins, G.W.1    Freckleton, R.P.2
  • 32
    • 0030298939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lepidopteren im Bereich der dealpinen flüsse Meduna und Tagliamento (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Norditalien)
    • Huemer P (1996) Lepidopteren im Bereich der dealpinen flüsse Meduna und Tagliamento (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Norditalien). Gortania Atti Mus Friulano St Nat 18: 201-214.
    • (1996) Gortania Atti Mus Friulano St Nat , vol.18 , pp. 201-214
    • Huemer, P.1
  • 33
    • 53649108441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report
    • IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    • IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (2007) Contribution of Working Groups
  • 34
    • 2942513304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How species respond to multiple extinction threats
    • Isaac NJB, Cowlishaw G (2004) How species respond to multiple extinction threats. Proc R Soc Lond B 271: 1135-1141.
    • (2004) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.271 , pp. 1135-1141
    • Isaac, N.J.B.1    Cowlishaw, G.2
  • 35
    • 66749126493 scopus 로고
    • Zusammenstellung der bisher in dem ehemaligen Gebiete von Südtirol beobachteten Grossschmetterlinge
    • Wien
    • Kitschelt R (1925) Zusammenstellung der bisher in dem ehemaligen Gebiete von Südtirol beobachteten Grossschmetterlinge. Im Eigenverlage des Verfassers, Wien. xvii + 421 pp.
    • (1925) Im Eigenverlage des Verfassers
    • Kitschelt, R.1
  • 36
    • 10644237269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological correlates of extinction proneness in tropical butterflies
    • Koh LP, Sodhi NS, Brook BW (2004) Ecological correlates of extinction proneness in tropical butterflies. Conserv Biol 18: 1571-1578.
    • (2004) Conserv Biol , vol.18 , pp. 1571-1578
    • Koh, L.P.1    Sodhi, N.S.2    Brook, B.W.3
  • 37
    • 1942456842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of pastoral abandonment for the structure and diversity of the alpine avifauna
    • Laiolo P, Dondero F, Ciliento E, Rolando A (2004) Consequences of pastoral abandonment for the structure and diversity of the alpine avifauna. J Appl Ecol 41: 294-304.
    • (2004) J Appl Ecol , vol.41 , pp. 294-304
    • Laiolo, P.1    Dondero, F.2    Ciliento, E.3    Rolando, A.4
  • 38
    • 33748579621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using landscape ecology to evaluate an alternative management scenario in abandoned Mediterranean mountain areas
    • Lasanta T, González-Hidalgo J, Vincente-Serrano SM, Sferi E (2006) Using landscape ecology to evaluate an alternative management scenario in abandoned Mediterranean mountain areas. Land Urb Plan 78: 101-114.
    • (2006) Land Urb Plan , vol.78 , pp. 101-114
    • Lasanta, T.1    González-Hidalgo, J.2    Vincente-Serrano, S.M.3    Sferi, E.4
  • 39
    • 0008218683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic databases as tools in spatial biodiversity research
    • Lobo JM, Lumaret JP, Robert P (1997) Taxonomic databases as tools in spatial biodiversity research. Ann Soc Entomol Fr 33: 129-138.
    • (1997) Ann Soc Entomol Fr , vol.33 , pp. 129-138
    • Lobo, J.M.1    Lumaret, J.P.2    Robert, P.3
  • 40
    • 0347627844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of butterfly diversity hotspots in Belgium: a comparison of statistically focused and land-use focused models
    • Maes D, Gilbert M, Titeux N, Goffart P, Dennis RLH (2003) Prediction of butterfly diversity hotspots in Belgium: a comparison of statistically focused and land-use focused models. J Biogeogr 30: 1907-1920.
    • (2003) J Biogeogr , vol.30 , pp. 1907-1920
    • Maes, D.1    Gilbert, M.2    Titeux, N.3    Goffart, P.4    Dennis, R.L.H.5
  • 41
    • 0031450969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views
    • McKinney ML (1997) Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 28: 495-516.
    • (1997) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.28 , pp. 495-516
    • McKinney, M.L.1
  • 43
    • 0343384747 scopus 로고
    • Révision systématique, chorologique et écologique des populations européennes de Lycaena (Helleia) helle Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 (Lep. Lycaenidae)
    • (8): 345-358, (10): 451-466
    • Meyer M (1981) Révision systématique, chorologique et écologique des populations européennes de Lycaena (Helleia) helle Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 (Lep. Lycaenidae). Linneana belgica 8(6): 238-260, (8): 345-358, (10): 451-466.
    • (1981) Linneana belgica , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 238-260
    • Meyer, M.1
  • 44
    • 34147191745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the requirements of the insects we seek to conserve
    • New T (2007) Understanding the requirements of the insects we seek to conserve. J Insect Conserv 11: 95-97.
    • (2007) J Insect Conserv , vol.11 , pp. 95-97
    • New, T.1
  • 45
    • 70349105045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative importance of density-dependent regulation and environmental stochasticity for butterfly population dynamics
    • Nowicki P, Bonelli S, Barbero F, Balletto E (2009) Relative importance of density-dependent regulation and environmental stochasticity for butterfly population dynamics. Oecologia 161: 227-239.
    • (2009) Oecologia , vol.161 , pp. 227-239
    • Nowicki, P.1    Bonelli, S.2    Barbero, F.3    Balletto, E.4
  • 46
    • 0033975486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape change patterns in mountains, land use and environmental diversity, mid-Norway 1960-1993
    • Olsson EGA, Austrheim G, Grenne SN (2000) Landscape change patterns in mountains, land use and environmental diversity, mid-Norway 1960-1993. Landscape Ecol 15: 155-177.
    • (2000) Landscape Ecol , vol.15 , pp. 155-177
    • Olsson, E.G.A.1    Austrheim, G.2    Grenne, S.N.3
  • 47
    • 33748994063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change
    • Parmesan C (2006) Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 37: 637-669.
    • (2006) Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst , vol.37 , pp. 637-669
    • Parmesan, C.1
  • 48
    • 0000754098 scopus 로고
    • Anedoctes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries
    • Pauly D (1995) Anedoctes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. Trend Ecol Evol 10: 430.
    • (1995) Trend Ecol Evol , vol.10 , pp. 430
    • Pauly, D.1
  • 50
    • 0029033249 scopus 로고
    • Forest losses predict bird extinctions in eastern North America
    • Pimm SL, Askins RA (1995) Forest losses predict bird extinctions in eastern North America. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 9343-9347.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 9343-9347
    • Pimm, S.L.1    Askins, R.A.2
  • 51
    • 0031450830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: consequences to the breeding avifauna
    • Preiss E, Martin JL, Debussche M (1997) Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: consequences to the breeding avifauna. Landscape Ecol 12: 51-61.
    • (1997) Landscape Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 51-61
    • Preiss, E.1    Martin, J.L.2    Debussche, M.3
  • 53
    • 80855163892 scopus 로고
    • Contribuzione allo studio dei Lepidotteri del Piemonte. Note ed osservazioni
    • Rocci U (1911) Contribuzione allo studio dei Lepidotteri del Piemonte. Note ed osservazioni. I. Atti Soc Ligustica Sci Nat Genova 22: 153-221.
    • (1911) Atti Soc Ligustica Sci Nat Genova , vol.22 , pp. 153-221
    • Rocci, U.1
  • 54
    • 0035033279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butterfly numbers and weather: predicting historical trends in abundance and the future effects of climate change
    • Roy DB, Rothery P, Moss D, Pollard E, Thomas JA (2001) Butterfly numbers and weather: predicting historical trends in abundance and the future effects of climate change. J Animal Ecol 70: 201-217.
    • (2001) J Animal Ecol , vol.70 , pp. 201-217
    • Roy, D.B.1    Rothery, P.2    Moss, D.3    Pollard, E.4    Thomas, J.A.5
  • 55
    • 84951117543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checklist and Distribution of the Italian Fauna
    • 10, 000 terrestrial and inland water species. 2nd and revised edition-Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 2° serie 280 pls on CD-ROM
    • Ruffo S, Stoch F (2007) Checklist and Distribution of the Italian Fauna. 10, 000 terrestrial and inland water species. 2nd and revised edition-Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 2° serie, Sez. Scienze della Vita. 17: 257-261, 280 pls on CD-ROM.
    • (2007) Sez. Scienze della Vita , vol.17 , pp. 257-261
    • Ruffo, S.1    Stoch, F.2
  • 56
    • 80855150074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in species assemblages: Carabid beetles and butterflies after a quarter of century on the top of the Pollino Mountains, Italy
    • Duncow, Kirkmahoe, Dumfrieshire: Sapiens Publishing
    • Scalercio S, Sapia M, Brandmayr P (2006) Changes in species assemblages: Carabid beetles and butterflies after a quarter of century on the top of the Pollino Mountains, Italy. In: Price MF (ed) Global change in mountain regions. Sapiens Publishing, Duncow, Kirkmahoe, Dumfrieshire, pp 160-161.
    • (2006) Global Change in Mountain Regions , pp. 160-161
    • Scalercio, S.1    Sapia, M.2    Brandmayr, P.3
  • 57
    • 0002918733 scopus 로고
    • Entomologia carniolica, exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates
    • Vindobonae, Typis Ioannis Thomae Trattnerm. Vindobonae
    • Scopoli JA (1763) Entomologia carniolica, exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Methodo Linnaeano. Vindobonae, Typis Ioannis Thomae Trattnerm. Vindobonae.
    • (1763) Methodo Linnaeano
    • Scopoli, J.A.1
  • 58
    • 67650034386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect conservation
    • Settele J, Kühn E (2009) Insect conservation. Science 325: 41-42.
    • (2009) Science , vol.325 , pp. 41-42
    • Settele, J.1    Kühn, E.2
  • 60
    • 0034829642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological classification of British butterflies: ecological attributes and biotope occupancy
    • Shreeve TG, Dennis RLH, Roy DB, Moss D (2001) An ecological classification of British butterflies: ecological attributes and biotope occupancy. J Insect Conserv 5: 145-161.
    • (2001) J Insect Conserv , vol.5 , pp. 145-161
    • Shreeve, T.G.1    Dennis, R.L.H.2    Roy, D.B.3    Moss, D.4
  • 61
    • 2542500963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butterfly species richness in the North-Western Mediterranean Basin: the role of natural and human-induced factors
    • Stefanescu C, Herrando S, Páramo F (2004) Butterfly species richness in the North-Western Mediterranean Basin: the role of natural and human-induced factors. J Biogeogr 31: 905-915.
    • (2004) J Biogeogr , vol.31 , pp. 905-915
    • Stefanescu, C.1    Herrando, S.2    Páramo, F.3
  • 62
    • 80855162670 scopus 로고
    • Su alcune Lycaenidae italiane, specialmente della zona di Arquata Scrivia (Piemonte) (Lepidoptera)
    • Storace L (1952) Su alcune Lycaenidae italiane, specialmente della zona di Arquata Scrivia (Piemonte) (Lepidoptera). Memorie Soc Ent Ital 31: 132-154.
    • (1952) Memorie Soc Ent Ital , vol.31 , pp. 132-154
    • Storace, L.1
  • 63
    • 0026363860 scopus 로고
    • Rare species conservation: case studies of European butterflies
    • Thomas JA (1991) Rare species conservation: case studies of European butterflies. Symp Br Ecol Soc 31: 149-197.
    • (1991) Symp Br Ecol Soc , vol.31 , pp. 149-197
    • Thomas, J.A.1
  • 64
    • 0000278531 scopus 로고
    • Local extinctions, colonizations and distributions: habitat tracking by British butterflies
    • S. R. Leather, A. D. Watt, K. F. A. Walters, and N. J. Mills (Eds.), Andover: Intercept
    • Thomas CD (1994) Local extinctions, colonizations and distributions: habitat tracking by British butterflies. In: Leather SR, Watt AD, Walters KFA, Mills NJ (eds) Individuals, populations and patterns in ecology. Intercept, Andover, pp 319-336.
    • (1994) Individuals, Populations and Patterns in Ecology , pp. 319-336
    • Thomas, C.D.1
  • 65
    • 84981976098 scopus 로고
    • The conservation of declining butterfly populations in Britain and Europe: priorities, problems and successes
    • Thomas JA (1995) The conservation of declining butterfly populations in Britain and Europe: priorities, problems and successes. Biol J Lin Soc 56: 55-72.
    • (1995) Biol J Lin Soc , vol.56 , pp. 55-72
    • Thomas, J.A.1
  • 66
    • 18344362815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring change in the abundance and in distribution of insects using butterflies and other indicator groups
    • Thomas JA (2005) Monitoring change in the abundance and in distribution of insects using butterflies and other indicator groups. Phi Trans R Soc B 360: 339-357.
    • (2005) Phi Trans R Soc B , vol.360 , pp. 339-357
    • Thomas, J.A.1
  • 67
    • 0028975527 scopus 로고
    • Estimating rates of butterfly decline from distribution maps: the effect of scales
    • Thomas CD, Abery JCG (1995) Estimating rates of butterfly decline from distribution maps: the effect of scales. Biol Conserv 73: 59-65.
    • (1995) Biol Conserv , vol.73 , pp. 59-65
    • Thomas, C.D.1    Abery, J.C.G.2
  • 70
    • 33746023609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range retractions and extinction in the face of climate warming
    • Thomas CD, Franco AMA, Hill JK (2006) Range retractions and extinction in the face of climate warming. Trends Ecol Evol 21: 415-416.
    • (2006) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.21 , pp. 415-416
    • Thomas, C.D.1    Franco, A.M.A.2    Hill, J.K.3
  • 71
    • 67650079175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful conservation of a threatened Maculinea butterfly
    • Thomas JA, Simcox DJ, Clarke RT (2009) Successful conservation of a threatened Maculinea butterfly. Science 325: 80-83.
    • (2009) Science , vol.325 , pp. 80-83
    • Thomas, J.A.1    Simcox, D.J.2    Clarke, R.T.3
  • 73
    • 0028162069 scopus 로고
    • Habitat destruction and the extinction debt
    • Tilman D, May RR, Lehman CL, Nowak MA (1994) Habitat destruction and the extinction debt. Nature 371: 65-66.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 65-66
    • Tilman, D.1    May, R.R.2    Lehman, C.L.3    Nowak, M.A.4
  • 74
    • 59349115006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of butterfly diversity above the timberline in the Italian Alps and Appennines
    • L. Nagy, G. Grabherr, C. Körner, and D. B. A. Thompson (Eds.), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
    • Tontini L, Castellano S, Bonelli S, Balletto E (2003) Patterns of butterfly diversity above the timberline in the Italian Alps and Appennines. In: Nagy L, Grabherr G, Körner C, Thompson DBA (eds) Alpine biodiversity in Europe. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
    • (2003) Alpine Biodiversity in Europe
    • Tontini, L.1    Castellano, S.2    Bonelli, S.3    Balletto, E.4
  • 75
    • 0003248973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red Data Book of European Butterflies (Rhopalocera)
    • Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing
    • van Swaay CAM, Warren MS (1999) Red data book of European butterflies (Rhopalocera), nature and environment no. 99. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg.
    • (1999) Nature and Environment No. 99
    • van Swaay, C.A.M.1    Warren, M.S.2
  • 76
    • 31044447916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prime butterfly areas of Europe: an initial selection of priority sites for conservation
    • van Swaay CAM, Warren MS (2006) Prime butterfly areas of Europe: an initial selection of priority sites for conservation. J Insect Conserv 10: 5-11.
    • (2006) J Insect Conserv , vol.10 , pp. 5-11
    • van Swaay, C.A.M.1    Warren, M.S.2
  • 79
    • 0022186447 scopus 로고
    • The influence of shade on butterfly numbers in woodland rides, with special reference to the wood white Leptidea sinapis
    • Warren MS (1985) The influence of shade on butterfly numbers in woodland rides, with special reference to the wood white Leptidea sinapis. Biol Conserv 33: 147-164.
    • (1985) Biol Conserv , vol.33 , pp. 147-164
    • Warren, M.S.1
  • 80
  • 82
    • 0038108650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species composition in agroecosystems: the effect of landscape, habitat, and farm management
    • Weibull A, Östman O (2003) Species composition in agroecosystems: the effect of landscape, habitat, and farm management. Basic Appl Ecol 4: 349-361.
    • (2003) Basic Appl Ecol , vol.4 , pp. 349-361
    • Weibull, A.1    Östman, O.2
  • 84
    • 34548462604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An elevational shift in butterfly species richness and composition accompanying recent climate change
    • Wilson RJ, Gutiérrez D, Gutiérrez J, Monserrat VJ (2007) An elevational shift in butterfly species richness and composition accompanying recent climate change. Global Change Biol 13: 1873-1887.
    • (2007) Global Change Biol , vol.13 , pp. 1873-1887
    • Wilson, R.J.1    Gutiérrez, D.2    Gutiérrez, J.3    Monserrat, V.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.