Inequality of Opportunity in Indian Children: The Case of Immunization and Nutrition

Population Research and Policy Review

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 861-883

  Singh, Ashish ^a  

^a INDIRA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH   (India)

Author keywords

Human Opportunity Index; Immunization; Indian children; Inequality of opportunity; Inequality of Opportunity Index; Nutrition

Indexed keywords

CHILD CARE; CHILD HEALTH; HEALTH SURVEY; IMMUNIZATION; NUTRITION;

INDIA;

EID: 80855123685     PISSN: 01675923     EISSN: 15737829     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11113-011-9214-5     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Ahluwalia, M. S. (2002). State level performance under economic reforms in India. In A. Krueger (Ed.), Economic policy reforms and the Indian economy (pp. 91-128). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2. Bairagi, R. (1986). Food crisis, nutrition, and female children in rural Bangladesh. Population and Development Review, 12(2), 307-315.
3. Barros, R. P., Francisco, H. G., Vega, J. R. M., & Chanduvi, J. S. (2009). Measuring inequality of opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
4. Barros, R. P., Vega, J. R. M., & Chanduvi, J. S. (2008). Measuring inequality of opportunities for children. http://siteresources. worldbank. org/INTLACREGTOPPOVANA/Resources/IneqchildrenPaesdeBarrosMolinasSaavedra. pdf. Cited 5 Jan 2010.
5. Basu, A. M. (1989). Is discrimination in food really necessary for explaining sex differentials in childhood mortality? Population Studies, 43(2), 193-210.
6. Bhat, P. N. M. (2002). On the trail of 'Missing' Indian females. Economic and Political Weekly, 37(51), 5105-5118.
7. Bhat, P. N. M., & Zavier, F. (1999). Findings of National Family Health Survey: Regional analysis. Economic and Political Weekly, 34, 3008-3032.
8. Borooah, V. (2004). Gender bias among children in India in their diet and immunization against disease. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 1719-1731.
9. Bose, A. (1991). Demographic diversity of India-1991 Census, State and District level data. Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation.
10. Coalation For Sustainable Nutrition Security For India (CSNSI). (2008). Overcoming the curse of malnutrition in India: A leadership agenda for action. New Delhi: Secretariat, Safdarjung Enclave.
11. Das Gupta, M. (1987). Selective discrimination against female children in rural Punjab, India. Population and Development Review, 13(1), 77-100.
12. Davis-Kean, P. E. (2005). The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: The indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(2), 294-304.
13. Deaton, A., & Dreze, J. (2008). Nutrition in India: Facts and interpretation. Economic and Political Weekly, 44(7), 42-65.
14. Desai, S., & Kulkarni, V. (2008). Changing educational inequalities in India in the context of affirmative action. Demography, 45(2), 245-270.
15. Despande, A. (2001). Caste at birth? Redefining disparity in India. Review of Development Economics, 5(1), 130-144.
16. Dibley, M. J., Goldsby, J. B., Staehling, N. W., & Trowbridge, F. L. (1987a). Development of normalized curves for the international growth reference: Historical and technical considerations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46(5), 736-748.
17. Dibley, M. J., Goldsby, J. B., Staehling, N. W., & Trowbridge, F. L. (1987b). Interpretation of Z-score anthropometric indicators derived from the international growth reference. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46(5), 749-762.
18. Dyson, M., & Moore, M. (1983). On kinship structure, female autonomy, and demographic behaviour in India. Population and Development Review, 9(1), 35-60.
19. Eccles, J. S., & Davis-Kean, P. E. (2005). Influence of parent's education on their's children's educational attainments: The role of parent and child perceptions. London Review of Education, 3(3), 191-204.
20. Filmer, D., & Pritchett, L. H. (2001). Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data- or tears: An application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography, 38(1), 115-132.
21. Government of India. (2006). Social Economic and Educational Status of Muslim Community in India. New Delhi: Government of India.
22. Gragnolati, M., Shekar, M., Dasgupta, M., Bredenkamp, C., & Lee Y. (2005). India's undernourished children: A call for reform and action. Health Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion paper, Aug 2005, Washington, DC: World Bank.
23. Griffiths, P., Mathews, Z., & Hinde, A. (2002). Gender, family and the nutritional status of children in three culturally contrasting states of India. Social Science and Medicine, 55(5), 775-790.
24. Gupta, D. (1991). Social stratification. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
25. Hasan, M. (2001). Legacy of a divided nation: India's Muslims since independence. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
26. Howe, L. D., Hargreaves, J. R., Gabrysch, S., & Huttly, S. R. A. (2009). Is the wealth index a proxy for consumption expenditure? A systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63, 871-877.
27. IIPS & ORCMacro. (1995). National Family Health Survey 1992-93, India. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences and Macro International.
28. IIPS & ORCMacro. (2007). National Family Health Survey 2005-06, India. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences and Macro International.
29. Jejeebhoy, S. J. (1993). Family size, outcomes for children, and gender disparity: Case of rural Maharashtra. Economic and Political Weekly, 28(35), 1811-1821.
30. Johnson, K., & Bradley, S. (2008). Trends in population and health outcomes: Further analysis of the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Calverton, MD: Macro International Inc.
31. Kishor, S. (1993). May God give sons to all: Gender and child mortality in India. American Sociological Review, 58, 247-265.
32. Knodel, J. E., & Wongsith, M. (1991). Family size and children's education in Thailand: Evidence from a national sample. Demography, 28(1), 119-131.
33. Miller, B. D. (1981). The endangered sex: Neglect of female children in rural North India. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
34. Mishra, V., Roy, T. K., & Retherford, R. (2004). Sex differentials in childhood feeding, health care and nutritional status in India. Population and Development Review, 30(2), 269-295.
35. Montgomery, M. R., Gragnolati, M., Burke, K. A., & Paredes, E. (2000). Measuring living standards with proxy variables. Demography, 37(2), 155-174.
36. Muhuri, P. K., & Preston, S. H. (1991). Effects of family composition on mortality differentials by sex among children in Matlab, Bangladesh. Population and Development Review, 17(3), 415-434.
37. Mukherjee, D., & Das, S. (2008). Role of parental education in schooling and child labour decision: Urban India in the last decade. Social Indicators Research, 89, 305-322.
38. Oster, E. (2006). Does increased access increase equality? Gender and child health investments in India. Chicago: University of Chicago.
39. Pal, P., & Gosh, J. (2007). Inequality in India-A survey of recent trends. DESA Working paper, no. 45, New York: Department of Economics and Social Affairs.
40. Pande, R. (2003). Selective gender differences in childhood nutrition and immunization in rural India: The role of siblings. Demography, 40(3), 395-418.
41. Pande, R., & Yazbeck, A. S. (2003). What's in a country average? Wealth, gender and regional inequalities in immunization in India. Social Science and Medicine, 57, 2075-2088.
42. Pathak, P. K., & Singh, A. (2009). Geographical variation in poverty and child malnutrition in India. In K. K. Singh, R. C. Yadava, & A. Pandey (Eds.), Population, poverty and health: Analytical approaches (pp. 183-206). New Delhi: Hindustan Publishing Corporation.
43. Ram, F., & Roy, T. K. (2004). Comparability issues in large sample surveys-some observations. In T. K. Roy, M. Guruswamy, & P. Arokiaswamy (Eds.), Population health and development in India-changing perspectives (pp. 40-56). New Delhi: Rawat Publications.
44. Roemer, J. E. (1998). Equality of opportunity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
45. Rutstein, S. O., & Johnson, K. (2004). DHS comparative report 6: The DHS wealth Index. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro.
46. Sen, A. (1988). Family and food: Sex bias in poverty. In T. N. Srinivasan & P. K. Bardhan (Eds.), Rural poverty in South Asia (pp. 346-368). Ithaca: Oxford University Press.
47. Sen, A., & Himanshu, (2005). Poverty and inequality in India: Getting closer to the truth. In A. Deaton & V. Kozel (Eds.), Data and dogma: The great indian poverty debate (pp. 177-199). New Delhi: Macmillan.
48. Sharma, K. L. (1999). Social inequality in India: Profiles of caste, class and social mobility. Jaipur: Rawat Publications.
49. Singh, A., Hazra, A., & Ram, F. (2008). Women's autonomy and sex differential in child mortality in India. Genus, 63(3-4), 55-75.
50. Vyas, S., & Kumaranayake, L. (2006). Constructing socio-economic status indices: How to use principal component analysis. Health Policy and Planning, 21(6), 459-468.
51. Wagstaff, A., & Watanabe, N. (2000). Socioeconomic inequalities in child malnutrition in developing world. Policy research working paper 2434, Washington DC: World Bank.
52. World Bank. (2006). World Development Report 2006: Equity and development. Washington, DC: World Bank.
53. World Health Organization Multicenter Growth Reference Study Group. (2006). WHO child growth standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for age-methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization.