Properties of precipitation and in-cloud vertical motion in a global nonhydrostatic aquaplanet experiment

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

Volumn 89, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 413-439

  Nasuno, Tomoe ^a   Satoh, Masaki ^a,b  

^a JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD COVER; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; MELTING; MOISTURE TRANSFER; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); PROBABILITY; SUBSIDENCE; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 80755188179     PISSN: 00261165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2151/jmsj.2011-502     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Chen, S. S., R. A. Houze Jr., and B. E. Mapes, 1996: Multiscale variability of deep convection in relation to largescale circulation in TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1380-1409.
2. Churchill, D. D., and R. A. Houze Jr., 1984: Development and structure of winter monsoon cloud clusters on 10 December 1978. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 933-960.
3. Deng, M., and G. G. Mace, 2008: Cirrus cloud microphysical properties and air motion statistics using cloud radar Doppler moments. Part II: Climatology. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 3221-3235.
4. Fierro, A. O., J. Simpson, M. A. LeMone, J. M. Straka, and B. F. Smull, 2009: On how hot towers fuel the Hadley cell: An observational and modeling study of line-organized convection in the equatorial trough from TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2730-2746.
5. Flatau, M., P. J. Flatau, P. Phoebus, and P. P. Niiler, 1997: The feedback between equatorial convection and local radiative and evaporative processes: the implications for intraseasonal oscillations. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2373-2386.
6. Grabowski, W. W., 1998: Toward cloud resolving model of large-scale tropical circulations: a simple cloud microphysics parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3283-3298.
7. Hayashi, Y., and D. G. Golder, 1997: United mechanism for the generation of lowand highfrequency tropical waves. Part I: control experiments with moist convective adjustment. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1262-1276.
8. Hayashi, Y.-Y., and A. Sumi, 1986: The 20-30-day oscillations simulated in an "aqua planet" model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 64, 451-467.
9. Haynes, J. M., R. T. Marchand, Z. Luo, A. Bodas-Salcedo, and G. L. Stephens, 2007: A multi-purpose radar simulation package: QuickBeam. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1723-1727.
10. Horinouchi, T., and S. Yoden, 1998: Wave-mean flow interaction associated with a QBO-like oscillation simulated in a simplified GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 502-526.
11. Hoskins, B., R. Neale, M. Rodwell, and G.-Y. Yang, 1999: Aspects of the large-scale tropical atmospheric circulation. Tellus, 51A-B, 33-44.
12. Houze, R. A. Jr., 1993: Cloud Dynamics. Academic Press, 573 pp.
13. Igau, R. C., M. A. LeMone, and D. Wei, 1999: Updraft and downdraft cores in TOGA COARE: why so many buoyant downdraft cores. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2232-2245.
14. Inatsu, M., H. Mukougawa, and S.-P. Xie, 2002: Stationary eddy response to surface boundary forcing: Idealized GCM experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1898-1915.
15. Innes, P. M., J. M. Slingo, S. J. Woolnough, R. B. Neale, and V. D. Pope, 2001: Organization of tropical convection in a GCM with varying vertical resolution: Implications for the simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Climate Dyn., 17, 777-793.
16. Inoue, T., M. Satoh, H. Miura, and B. E. Mapes, 2008: Characteristics of cloud size of deep convection simulated by a global cloud resolving model over the western tropical Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68A, 1-15.
17. Inoue, T., M. Satoh, Y. Hagihara, A. Hamada, H. Miura, and J. Schmetz, 2010: Comparison of high-level clouds represented in a global cloud-system resolving model with CALIPSO/CloudSat and geostationary satellite observations. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H22, doi:10.1029/2009JD012371.
18. K-1 Model Developers, 2004: K-1 coupled GCM (MIROC) description. Tech. Rep. 1, Cent. for Clim. Syst. Res., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo.
19. Kraucunas, I., and D. L. Hartmann, 2005: Equatorial superrotation and the factors controlling the zonal-mean zonal winds in the tropical upper troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 371-389.
20. Lang, S., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, and B. Ferrier, 2003: Modeling of convective-stratiform precipitation processes: Sensitivity to partitioning methods. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 505-527.
21. LeMone, M. A., and E. J. Zipser, 1980: Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part I: Diameter, intensity and mass flux. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2444-2457.
22. Liu, C., and E. J. Zipser, 2005: Global distributions of convection penetrating the tropical tropopause. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D23104, doi:10.1029/2005JD006063.
23. Liu, C., E. J. Zipser, and S. W. Nesbitt, 2007: Global distribution of tropical deep convection: Different perspectives from TRMM infrared and radar data. J. Climate, 20, 489-503.
24. Louis, J., 1979: A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 17, 187-202.
25. Masunaga, H., T. Iguchi, R. Oki, and M. Kachi, 2002: Comparison of rainfall products derived from TRMM Microwave Imager and Precipitation Radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 49, 849-862.
26. Masunaga, H., T. S. L'Ecuyer, and C. D. Kummerow, 2005: Variability in the characteristics of precipitation systems in the tropical Pacific. PartI: spatial structure. J. Climate, 63, 823-840.
27. Masunaga, H., M. Satoh, and H. Miura, 2008: A joint satellite and global cloud-resolving model analysis of a Madden-Julian Oscillation event: Model diagnosis. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17210, doi:10.1029/2008JD009986.
28. Masunaga, H., T. Matsui, W.-K. Tao, A. Y. Hou, C. D. Kummerow, T. Nakajima, P. Bauer, W. S. Olson, M. Sekiguchi, and T. Y. Nakajima, 2010: Satellite Data Simulator Unit (SDSU): A multi-sensor, multi-spectral satellite simulatorpackage. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91, 1625-1632.
29. Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, 1974: A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1521-1538.
30. Miura, H., M. Satoh, T. Nasuno, A. T. Noda, and K. Oouchi, 2007a: An Madden-Julian Oscillation event simulated using a global cloud-resolving model. Science, 318, 1763-1765.
31. Miura, H., H. Tomita, M. Satoh, A. T. Noda, T. Nasuno, and S. Iga, 2007b: A short-duration global cloud-resolving simulation under a realistic land and sea distribution. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02804, doi:10.1029/2006GL027448.
32. Nakajima, T., M. Tsukamoto, Y. Tsushima, A. Numaguti, and T. Kimura, 2000: Modeling of the radiative process in an atmospheric general circulation model. Appl. Opt., 39, 4869-4878.
33. Nasuno, T., and M. Satoh, 2011: Statistical relation between maximum vertical velocity and surface precipitation of tropical convective clouds in a global nonhydrostatic aquaplanet experiment. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 89, 553-561.
34. Nasuno, T., H. Tomita, S. Iga, H. Miura, and M. Satoh, 2007: Multiscale organization of convection simulated with explicit cloud processes on an aquaplanet. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1902-1921.
35. Nasuno, T., H. Tomita, S. Iga, H. Miura, and M. Satoh, 2008: Convectively coupled equatorial waves on an aquaplanet simulated in a global nonhydrostatic experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1246-1265.
36. Neale, R. B., and B. J. Hoskins, 2001: A standard test for AGCMs including their physical parameterizations. I: The proposal. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 1, 101-107.
37. Numaguti, A., and Y.-Y. Hayashi, 1991a: Behavior of cumulus activity and the structures of circulations in an "aqua planet" model. Part I: The structure of the super clusters. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 541-561.
38. Numaguti, A., and Y.-Y. Hayashi, 1991b: Behavior of cumulus activity and the structures of circulations in an "aqua planet" model. Part II: Eastward-moving planetary scale structure and the intertropical convergence zone. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 563-579.
39. Numaguti, A., M. Takahashi, T. Nakajima, and A. Sumi, 1997: Description of CCSR/NIES atmospheric general circulation model. CGER's supercomput. Monogr. Rep., 3, 1-48, Natl. Inst. for Envion. Stud., Ibaraki, Japan.
40. Riehl, H., and J. S. Malkus, 1958: On the heat balance in the equatorial trough zone. Geophysica, 6, 503-538.
41. Sato, K., H. Okamoto, M. K. Yamamoto, S. Fukao, H. Kumagai, Y. Ohno, H. Hiroe, and M. Abo, 2009: 95-GHz Doppler radar and lidar synergy for simultaneous ice microphysics and in-cloud vertical air motion retrieval. J. Geophys. Res., 114, DB3203, doi:10.1029/2008JD010222.
42. Sato, T., H. Miura, M. Satoh, Y. N. Takayabu, and Y. Wang, 2009: Diurnal cycle of precipitation in the tropics simulated in a global cloud-resolving model. J. Climate, 22, 4809-4826.
43. Satoh, M., T. Matsuno, H. Tomita, H. Miura, T. Nasuno, and S. Iga, 2008a: Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) for global cloud-resolving simulations. J. Comput. Phys., the special issue on Predicting Weather, Climate, and Extreme events, 227, 3486-3514, doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.006.
44. Satoh, M., T. Nasuno, H. Miura, H. Tomita, S. Iga, and Y. N. Takayabu, 2008b: Precipitation statistics comparison between global cloud resolving simulation with NICAM and TRMM PR data. High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean, Wataru Ohfuchi and Kevin Hamilton Eds, 99-112, ISBN-13: 978-0387366715, 293 pp.
45. Satoh, M., T. Inoue, and H. Miura, 2010: Evaluations of cloud properties of global and local cloudsystem resolving models using CALIPSO/CloudSat simulators. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H14, doi:10.1209/2009JD012247.
46. Schumacher, C., and R. A. Houze Jr., 2003: Stratiform rain in the Tropics as seen by the TRMM precipitation radar. J. Climate, 16, 1739-1756.
47. Sekiguchi, M., and T. Nakajima, 2008: A k-distributionbased radiation code and itscomputational optimization for an atmospheric general circulation model. JQSRT, 109, 2779-2793.
48. Shige, S., Y. N. Takayabu, W.-K. Tao, and D. E. Johnson, 2004: Spectral retrieval of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part I: Development of a model-based algorithm. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 1095-1113.
49. Shige, S., Y. N. Takayabu, W.-K. Tao, and S.-L. Shie, 2007: Spectral retrieval of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part II: Algorithm improvement and heating estimates over tropical ocean regions. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 1098-1124.
50. Shige, S., Y. N. Takayabu, S. Kida, W.-K. Tao, X. Zeng, C. Yokoyama, and T. L'Ecuyer, 2009: Spectral retrieval of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part IV: Comparisons of lookup tables from twoand thrredimensional cloud-resolving simulations. J. Climate, 22, 5577-5594.
51. Simpson, J., R. Adler, and G. North, 1988: A proposed Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 69, 278-295.
52. Stephens, G. L., D. G., Vane, R. J. Boain, G. G. Mace, K. Sassen, Z. Wang, A. J. Illingworth, E. J. O'Connor, W. B. Rossow, S. L. Durden, S. D. Miller, R. T. Austin, A. Benedetti, C. Mitrescu, The CLOUDSAT Science Team, 2002: The CLOUDSAT mission and the A-TRAIN. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1771-1790.
53. Stephens, G. L., D. G. Vane, S. Tanelli, E. Im, S. Durden, M. Rokey, D. Reinke, P. Partain, G. G. Mace, R. Austin, T. S. L'Ecuyer, J. Haynes, M. Lebsock, K. Suzuki, D. E. Waliser, D. Wu, J. Kay, A. Gettleman, Z. Wang, and R. Marchand, 2008: CloudSat mission: Performance and early science after the first year of operation. J. Geophys. Res., 113, doi: 1029/2008JD009982.
54. Takayabu, Y. N., 2002: Spectral representation of rain profiles and diurnal variations observed with TRMM PR over the equatorial area. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1584, doi:10.1029/2001GL014113.
55. Takayabu, Y. N., S. Shige, W.-K. Tao, and N. Hirota, 2010: Shallow and deep latent heating modes over tropical oceans observed with TRMM PR Spectral Latent Heating data. J. Climate, 23, 2030-2046.
56. Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, C.-H. Sui, B. Ferrier, S. Lang, J. Scala, M.-D. Chou, and K. Pickering, 1993: Heating, moisture, and water budgets of tropical and midlatitude squall lines: Comparisons and sensitivity to long radiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 673-690.
57. Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, W. S. Olson, R. Meneghini, S. Yang, J. Simpson, C. Kummerow, E. Smith, and J. Halverson, 2001: Retrieved vertical profiles of latent heating release using TRMM rainfall products for February 1998. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 957-982.
58. Tao, W.-K., E. A. Smith, R. F. Adler, Z. S. Haddad, A. Y. Hou, T. Iguchi, R. Kakar, T. N. Krishnamurti, C. D. Kummerow, S. Lang, R. Meneghini, K. Nakamura, T. Nakazawa, K. Okamoto, W. S. Olson, S. Satoh, S. Shige, J. Simpson, Y. N. Takayabu, G. J. Tripoli, and S. Yang, 2006: Retrieval of latent heating from TRMM measurements. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 1555-1572, doi:10.1175/BAMS-87-11-1555.
59. Tomita, H., 2008: New micorphysics with five and six categories with diagnostic generation of cloud ice. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86A, 121-142.
60. Tomita, H., and M. Satoh, 2004: A new dynamical framework of nonhydrostatic global model using the icosahedral grid. Fluid Dyn. Res., 34, 357-400.
61. Tomita, H., H. Miura, S. Iga, T. Nasuno, and M. Satoh, 2005: A global cloud-resolving simulation: Preliminary results from an aqua planet experiment. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08805, doi:10.1029/2005GL022459.
62. Yokoyama, C., and Y. N. Takayabu, 2008: A statistical study on rain characteristics of tropical cyclones using TRMM satellite data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 3848-3862.
63. Yuter, S. E., and R. A. Houze Jr., 1995: Three-dimensional kinematic and microphysical evolution of Florida cumulonimbus. Part II: Frequency distributions of vertical velocity, reflectivity, and differential reflectivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1941-1963.
64. Zipser, E. J., 2003: Some views on "Hot Towers" after 50 years of tropical field programs and two years of TRMM data. Meteor. Monogr., 29, 49-58.
65. Zipser, E. J., and M. A. LeMone, 1980: Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part II: Synthesis and model core structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2458-2469.