Conservation and concealment in SpeciesBanking.com, USA: An analysis of neoliberal performance in the species offsetting industry

Environmental Conservation

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 435-444

  Pawliczek, J ^a   Sullivan, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Commodification; Ecosystem services; Markets; Mitigation; Neoliberal conservation; Species banking; SpeciesBanking.com

Indexed keywords

COMMODIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; MARKETS; MITIGATION; NEOLIBERAL CONSERVATION; SPECIES BANKING; SPECIESBANKING.COM;

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS; PRIVATIZATION; PURCHASING; SURVEYS;

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;

ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT; ECONOMIC POLICY; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT; LANDOWNERSHIP; MARKETING; NEOLIBERALISM; PRICE DETERMINATION; QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY; SPECIES CONSERVATION;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 80755159187     PISSN: 03768929     EISSN: 14694387     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0376892911000518     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Bayon, R. (2008) Banking on biodiversity. In: Innovations for a Sustainable Economy, ed. Worldwatch Institute, pp. 123-239.
2. Washington, DC, USA: Worldwatch Institute.
3. Bayon, R. & Jenkins, M. (2010) The business of biodiversity. Nature 466: 184-185.
4. Bayon, R., Carroll, N.& Fox, J. (2008) Introduction. In: Conservation and Biodiversity Banking: A Guide to Setting Up and Running Biodiversity Credit Trading Systems, ed. N. Carroll, J. Fox, & R. Bayon, pp. 4-8. London, UK: Earthscan.
5. Bonnie, R. & Wilcove, D.S. (2008) Ecological considerations. In: Conservation and Biodiversity Banking: A Guide to Setting Up and Running Biodiversity Credit Trading Systems, ed. R. Bayon, J. Fox & N. Carroll, pp. 53-67. London, UK: Earthscan.
6. Briggs, B.D.J., Hill, D.A. & Gillespie, R. (2009) Habitat banking: how it could work in the UK. Journal for Nature Conservation. 17: 112-122.
7. Brockington, D. & Igoe, J. (2006) Eviction for conservation: a global overview. Conservation and Society 4: 424-470.
8. Büscher, B., Brockington, D., Igoe, J., Neves, K. & Sullivan, S. (2012) Towards a consolidated critique of neoliberal conservation. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism (in press).
9. Carroll, N., Fox, J. & Bayon, R., eds. (2008) Conservation and Biodiversity Banking: A Guide to Setting Up and Running Biodiversity Credit Trading Systems. London, UK: Earthscan.
10. Castree, N. (2008a)Neoliberalising nature: the logics of deregulation and reregulation. Environment and Planning A 40: 131-152. (Pubitemid 351285372)
11. Castree, N. (2008b) Neoliberalising nature: processes, effects, and evaluations. Environment and Planning A 40: 153-173. (Pubitemid 351285373)
12. Elswerth, M.E. & Haney, J.C. (2001) Maximizing conserved biodiversity: why ecosystem indicators and thresholds matter. Ecological Economics 38(2): 259-274. (Pubitemid 32818018)
13. Ferguson, J. (2010) The uses of neoliberalism. Antipode 41: 166-184.
14. Fleischer, D. & Fox, J. (2008) The pitfalls and challenges. In: Conservation and Biodiversity Banking: A Guide to Setting Up and Running Biodiversity Credit Trading Systems, ed. R. Bayon, J. Fox & N. Carroll, pp. 43-50. London, UK: Earthscan.
15. Foucault, M (2008 [1979]) The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Colläge de France 1978-1979. Translated by G Burchell. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
16. Fox, J. (2009) Biodiversity protection and mitigation: introduction. Stetson Law Review Winter: 205-212.
17. Fox, J. & Nino-Murcia, A. (2005) Status of species conservation banking in the United States. Conservation Biology 19(4): 996-1007. (Pubitemid 41672811)
18. FWS (2003) Guidance for the establishment, use and operation of conservation banks. [www document]. URL http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa- library/pdf/Conservation-Banking-Guidance.pdf
19. FWS (2009a) Our endangered species program and how it works with landowners [www document]. URL http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/ landowners.pdf
20. FWS (2009b) Conservation banking: incentives for stewardship [www document]. URL http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esalibrary/pdf/conservation- banking.pdf
21. FWS (2010a) A history of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 [www document]. URL http://www.fws.gov/endangered/lawspolicies/esa-history.html
22. Gomez-Baggethun, E., de Groot, R.L. & Montes, C. (2010) The history of ecosystem services in economic theory and practice: from early notions to markets and payment schemes. Ecological Economics 69(6): 1209-1218.
23. Hahn, R.W. (2000) The impact of economics on environmental policy. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 39: 375-399. (Pubitemid 30416548)
24. Harvey, D. (2007) A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
25. Igoe, J. & Brockington, D. (2007) Neoliberal conservation: a brief introduction. Conservation and Society 5(4): 432-449.
26. Jackson, A. (2009) ICT and the new global investment paradigm: challenges to crossborder trade and investment. World Customs Journal 3(1): 55-61.
27. Kosoy, N. & Corbera, E. (2010) Payments for ecosystem services as commodity fetishism. Ecological Economics 69(6): 1222-1236.
28. Larner, W. (2000) Theorising neoliberalism: policy, ideology, governmentality. Studies in Political Economy 63: 5-26.
29. LII (no date a) US Code, Title 16. Chapter 35 Endangered species as 1532 Definitions (19) [www document]. URL http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/16/usc- sec-16-00001532-000-.html
30. LII (no date b) US Code, Title 16. Chapter 35 Endangered species as 1539 Exceptions (a)(2)(b)(i), (ii), (iv) [www document]. URL http://www.law.cornell. edu/uscode/16/usc-sec-16-00001539-000-.html
31. MA (2005) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and Human Well-being. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press.
32. Madsen, B. & Percival, A. (2010) New pilot registry helps users track conservation credits [www document]. URL http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/ pages/dynamic/article.page.php?page-id=7546& section=news-articles& eod=1
33. Madsen, B., Carroll, N. & Moore Brands, K. (2010) State of biodiversity markets report: offset and compensation programs worldwide [www document]. URL http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/documents/acrobat/sbdmr.pdf
34. Markit (2010a) Markit signs first sub-national environmental asset registry [www document]. URL http://www.markit.com/en/media-centre/press- releases/detail.page?dcr=/markit/PressRelease/data/2010/08/2
35. Markit (2010b) Markit launches registry pilot for US regulated conservation banking [www document]. URL http://www.markit.com/en/media-centre/ press-releases/detail.page?dcr=/markit/PressRelease/data/2010/05/05
36. McAfee, K. (1999) Selling nature to save it?. Biodiversity and green developmentalism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 17(2): 133-154.
37. Mead, D.L. (2008) History and theory: the origin and evolution of conservation banking. In Conservation and Biodiversity Banking: A Guide to Setting Up and Running Biodiversity Credit Trading Systems, ed. N. Carroll, J. Fox & , R. Bayon, pp. 9-32. London, UK: Earthscan.
38. Morris, A.W. (2006) Easing conservation?. Conservation easements, public accountability and neoliberalism. Geoforum 39: 1215-1227.
39. Muradian, R., Corbera, E., Pascual, U., Kosoy, N. & May, P.H. (2010) Reconciling theory and practice: an alternative conceptual framework for understanding payments for environmental services. Ecological Economics 69(6): 1202-1208.
40. Norgaard, R.B. (2010) Ecosystem services: from eye-opening metaphor to complexity blinder. Ecological Economics 69(6): 1219-1227.
41. Peck, J. & Tickell, J. (2002) Neoliberalizing space. Antipode 34(3): 381-404.
42. Peterson, M.J., Hall, D.M., Feldpausch-Parker, A.M. & Peterson, T.R. (2009) Obscuring ecosystem function with application of the ecosystem services concept. Conservation Biology 24(1): 113-119.
43. Robertson, M. (2004) The neoliberalization of ecosystem services: wetland mitigation banking and problems in environmental governance. Geoforum 35: 361-373. (Pubitemid 38503288)
44. Robertson, M. (2009) Five hidden challenges to ecosystem markets [www document]. URL http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/pages/dynamic/article.page. php?page-id=6415& section=home& eod=1
45. Robertson, M. & Hayden, N. (2008) Evaluation of a market in wetland credits: entrepreneurial wetland banking in Chicago. Conservation Biology 22(3): 636-646. (Pubitemid 351813463)
46. Ruhl, J. (2004) Endangered Species Act innovations in the post- Babbittonian era'are there any?. Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 14(2): 429-439.
47. Sullivan, S. (2006) The elephant in the room?. Problematizing new' (neoliberal) biodiversity conservation, Forum for Development Studies 33(1): 105-135.
48. ten Kate, K., Bishop, J. & Bayon, R. (2004) Biodiversity offsets: views, experience and the business case [www document]. URL http://cmsdata.iucn. org/downloads/bdoffsets.pdf
49. UNEP/IUCN (2007) Developing international payments for ecosystem services: towards a greener world economy [www document]. URL http://www.unep.ch/etb/areas/pdf/IPES-IUCNbrochure.pdf
50. Vira, B.& Adams, W.M. (2009) Ecosystem services and conservation strategy: beware the silver bullet. Conservation Letters 2: 158-162.
51. Walker, S., Brower, A.L., Stephens, T. & Lee, W.G. (2009) Why bartering biodiversity fails. Conservation Letters 2: 149-157.
52. Wilcove, D. & Lee, J. (2004) Using economic and regulatory incentives to restore endangered species: lessons learned from three new programs. Conservation Biology 18(3): 639-645. (Pubitemid 38689085)
53. Zwick, S.M. (2008) SpeciesBanking.com: for all your species needs! [www document]. URL http://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/pages/dynamic/article.page. php?page-id=6332& section=home