메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 20, 2011, Pages 5378-5396

Intermittent African easterly wave activity in a dry atmospheric model: Influence of the extratropics

Author keywords

Africa; Atmospheric; General circulation models; Monsoons; Summer warm season; Synoptic scale processes; Tropics; Waves

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; MONSOONS; SUMMER/WARM SEASON; SYNOPTIC-SCALE PROCESSES;

EID: 80755130520     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00049.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 0027086565 scopus 로고
    • Atlantic tropical systems of 1991
    • Avila, L., and R. Pasch, 1992: Atlantic tropical systems of 1991. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2688-2696.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 2688-2696
    • Avila, L.1    Pasch, R.2
  • 2
    • 18544382676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case study of an intense African easterly wave
    • Berry, G. J., and C. Thorncroft, 2005: Case study of an intense African easterly wave. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 752-766.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 752-766
    • Berry, G.J.1    Thorncroft, C.2
  • 3
    • 0002559831 scopus 로고
    • The origin and structure of easterly waves in the lower troposphere of North Africa
    • Burpee, R., 1972: The origin and structure of easterly waves in the lower troposphere of North Africa. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 77-90.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 77-90
    • Burpee, R.1
  • 4
    • 0001397145 scopus 로고
    • Synoptic histories of three African disturbances that developed into Atlantic hurricanes
    • Carlson, T. N., 1969: Synoptic histories of three African disturbances that developed into Atlantic hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 256-276.
    • (1969) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.97 , pp. 256-276
    • Carlson, T.N.1
  • 5
    • 77949378075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal variability of the Saharan heat low and its link with mid-latitudes
    • Chauvin, F., R. Roehrig, and J.-P. Lafore, 2010: Intraseasonal variability of the Saharan heat low and its link with mid-latitudes. J. Climate, 23, 2544-2561.
    • (2010) Climate J. , vol.23 , pp. 2544-2561
    • Chauvin, F.1    Roehrig, R.2    Lafore, J.-P.3
  • 6
    • 70149117026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of moist processes on the African easterly jet-African easterly wave system
    • Cornforth, R. J., B. J. Hoskins, and C. D. Thorncroft, 2009: The impact of moist processes on the African easterly jet-African easterly wave system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 894-913.
    • (2009) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 894-913
    • Cornforth, R.J.1    Hoskins, B.J.2    Thorncroft, C.D.3
  • 7
    • 0033427545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Easterly wave regimes and associated convection over West Africa and tropical Atlantic: Results from the NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF reanalyses
    • Diedhiou, A., S. Janicot, A. Viltard, P. de Felice, and H. Laurent, 1999: Easterly wave regimes and associated convection over West Africa and tropical Atlantic: Results from the NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF reanalyses. Climate Dyn., 15, 795-822.
    • (1999) Climate Dyn. , vol.15 , pp. 795-822
    • Diedhiou, A.1    Janicot, S.2    Viltard, A.3    de Felice, P.4    Laurent, H.5
  • 8
    • 0018506597 scopus 로고
    • Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions
    • Duchon, C. E., 1979: Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 1016-1022.
    • (1979) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.18 , pp. 1016-1022
    • Duchon, C.E.1
  • 9
    • 0025658951 scopus 로고
    • Convection over tropical Africa and the Atlantic Ocean during northern summer. Part II: Modulation by easterly waves
    • Duvel, J.-P., 1990: Convection over tropical Africa and the Atlantic Ocean during northern summer. Part II: Modulation by easterly waves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1855-1869.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 1855-1869
    • Duvel, J.-P.1
  • 10
    • 0346016111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal variability of the relation between African easterly waves and West African squall lines in 1998 and 1999
    • Fink, A. H., and A. Reiner, 2003: Spatiotemporal variability of the relation between African easterly waves and West African squall lines in 1998 and 1999. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4332-4348.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4332-4348
    • Fink, A.H.1    Reiner, A.2
  • 11
    • 0036478809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Easterly waves over Africa. Part I: The seasonal cycle and contrasts between wet and dry years
    • Grist, J. P., 2002: Easterly waves over Africa. Part I: The seasonal cycle and contrasts between wet and dry years. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 197-211.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 197-211
    • Grist, J.P.1
  • 12
    • 0141907748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summer synoptic-scale waves over West Africa observed by TRMM
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL017402
    • Gu, G., R. F. Adler, G. J. Huffman, and S. Curtis, 2003: Summer synoptic-scale waves over West Africa observed by TRMM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1729, doi:10.1029/2003GL017402.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1729
    • Gu, G.1    Adler, R.F.2    Huffman, G.J.3    Curtis, S.4
  • 13
    • 2642576657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African easterly waves and their association with precipitation
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003967
    • Gu, G., R. F. Adler, G. J. Huffman, and S. Curtis, 2004: African easterly waves and their association with precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D04101, doi:10.1029/2003JD003967.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Gu, G.1    Adler, R.F.2    Huffman, G.J.3    Curtis, S.4
  • 14
    • 0034192933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple GCM based on dry dynamics and constant forcing
    • Hall, N. M. J., 2000: A simple GCM based on dry dynamics and constant forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1557-1572.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 1557-1572
    • Hall, N.M.J.1
  • 15
    • 33645067646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric response to boundary forcing and the use of diagnostic models
    • Hall, N. M. J., 2004: The atmospheric response to boundary forcing and the use of diagnostic models. J. Phys. IV, 121, 125-137.
    • (2004) J. Phys. IV , vol.121 , pp. 125-137
    • Hall, N.M.J.1
  • 16
    • 0034351752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transience, nonlinearity, and eddy feedback in the remote response to El Niño
    • Hall, N. M. J., and J. Derome, 2000: Transience, nonlinearity, and eddy feedback in the remote response to El Niño. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3992-4007.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 3992-4007
    • Hall, N.M.J.1    Derome, J.2
  • 17
    • 33749235194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of African easterly waves. Part II: Dynamical modes
    • Hall, N. M. J., G. N. Kiladis, and C. D. Thorncroft, 2006: Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of African easterly waves. Part II: Dynamical modes. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2231-2245.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 2231-2245
    • Hall, N.M.J.1    Kiladis, G.N.2    Thorncroft, C.D.3
  • 18
    • 0021082451 scopus 로고
    • Dynamical processes in the atmosphere and the use of models
    • Hoskins, B. J., 1983: Dynamical processes in the atmosphere and the use of models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 109, 1-21.
    • (1983) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.109 , pp. 1-21
    • Hoskins, B.J.1
  • 19
    • 84981632638 scopus 로고
    • A multi-layer spectral model and the semi-implicit method
    • Hoskins, B. J., and A. J. Simmons, 1975: A multi-layer spectral model and the semi-implicit method. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 101, 637-655.
    • (1975) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.101 , pp. 637-655
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Simmons, A.J.2
  • 20
    • 52049118119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the instability of the African easterly jet and the generation of African waves: Reversals of the potential vorticity gradient
    • Hsieh, J.-S., and K. H. Cook, 2008: On the instability of the African easterly jet and the generation of African waves: Reversals of the potential vorticity gradient. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2130-2151.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 2130-2151
    • Hsieh, J.-S.1    Cook, K.H.2
  • 22
    • 33749247645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of African easterly waves. Part I: Observations
    • Kiladis, G. N., C. D. Thorncroft, and N. M. J. Hall, 2006: Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of African easterly waves. Part I: Observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2212-2230.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 2212-2230
    • Kiladis, G.N.1    Thorncroft, C.D.2    Hall, N.M.J.3
  • 23
    • 70349282013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between African easterly waves and the African easterly jet
    • Leroux, S., and N. M. J. Hall, 2009: On the relationship between African easterly waves and the African easterly jet. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2303-2316.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 2303-2316
    • Leroux, S.1    Hall, N.M.J.2
  • 24
    • 77949358449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A climatological study of transient-mean-flow interactions over West Africa
    • Leroux, S., N. M. J. Hall, and G. N. Kiladis, 2010: A climatological study of transient-mean-flow interactions over West Africa. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 397-410.
    • (2010) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 397-410
    • Leroux, S.1    Hall, N.M.J.2    Kiladis, G.N.3
  • 25
    • 0030472586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in predictability associated with the PNA pattern
    • Lin, H., and J. Derome, 1996: Changes in predictability associated with the PNA pattern. Tellus, 48A, 553-571.
    • (1996) Tellus , vol.48 A , pp. 553-571
    • Lin, H.1    Derome, J.2
  • 26
    • 34547730163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal variability in a dry atmospheric model
    • Lin, H., G. Brunet, and J. Derome, 2007: Intraseasonal variability in a dry atmospheric model. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2422-2441.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 2422-2441
    • Lin, H.1    Brunet, G.2    Derome, J.3
  • 27
    • 0021037440 scopus 로고
    • Statistical field significance and its determination by Monte Carlo techniques
    • Livezey, R. E., and W. Y. Chen, 1983: Statistical field significance and its determination by Monte Carlo techniques. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 46-59.
    • (1983) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.111 , pp. 46-59
    • Livezey, R.E.1    Chen, W.Y.2
  • 28
    • 0027829106 scopus 로고
    • Toward a dynamical understanding of planetary-scale flow regimes
    • Marshall, J., and F. Molteni, 1993: Toward a dynamical understanding of planetary-scale flow regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1792-1818.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 1792-1818
    • Marshall, J.1    Molteni, F.2
  • 29
    • 33749247375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of convection and its association with African easterly waves
    • Mekonnen, A., C. D. Thorncroft, and A. R. Aiyyer, 2006: Analysis of convection and its association with African easterly waves. J. Climate, 19, 5405-5421.
    • (2006) Climate J. , vol.19 , pp. 5405-5421
    • Mekonnen, A.1    Thorncroft, C.D.2    Aiyyer, A.R.3
  • 30
    • 45849134177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of West African dynamics using a linearized GCM
    • Nicholson, S. E., A. I. Barcilon, and M. Challa, 2008: An analysis of West African dynamics using a linearized GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1182-1203.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 1182-1203
    • Nicholson, S.E.1    Barcilon, A.I.2    Challa, M.3
  • 31
    • 0023584142 scopus 로고
    • Predictability in the extended range
    • Roads, J. O., 1987: Predictability in the extended range. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3495-3527.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 3495-3527
    • Roads, J.O.1
  • 32
    • 83755206995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10-25-day intraseasonal variability of convection over the Sahel: A role of the Saharan heat low and midlatitudes
    • in press.
    • Roehrig, R., F. Chauvin, and J.-P. Lafore, 2011: 10-25-day intraseasonal variability of convection over the Sahel: A role of the Saharan heat low and midlatitudes. J. Climate, in press.
    • (2011) Climate J
    • Roehrig, R.1    Chauvin, F.2    Lafore, J.-P.3
  • 33
    • 80052532892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The twentieth century African easterly waves in reanalysis systems and IPCC simulations, from intra-seasonal to inter-annual variability
    • Ruti, P., and A. Dell'Aquila, 2010: The twentieth century African easterly waves in reanalysis systems and IPCC simulations, from intra-seasonal to inter-annual variability. Climate Dyn., 35, 1099-1117.
    • (2010) Climate Dyn. , vol.35 , pp. 1099-1117
    • Ruti, P.1    Dell'Aquila, A.2
  • 34
    • 37549039084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale impacts of variable heating in climate
    • Sardeshmukh, P. D., and P. Sura, 2007: Multiscale impacts of variable heating in climate. J. Climate, 20, 5677-5695.
    • (2007) Climate J. , vol.20 , pp. 5677-5695
    • Sardeshmukh, P.D.1    Sura, P.2
  • 35
    • 0026269375 scopus 로고
    • Potential vorticity modeling of the ITCZ and the Hadley circulation
    • Schubert, W. H., P. E. Ciesielski, D. E. Stevens, and H.-C. Kuo, 1991: Potential vorticity modeling of the ITCZ and the Hadley circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1493-1509.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1493-1509
    • Schubert, W.H.1    Ciesielski, P.E.2    Stevens, D.E.3    Kuo, H.-C.4
  • 36
    • 0019711229 scopus 로고
    • An energy and angular-momentum conserving vertical finite-difference scheme and hybrid vertical coordinates
    • Simmons, A. J., and D. M. Burridge, 1981: An energy and angular-momentum conserving vertical finite-difference scheme and hybrid vertical coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 758-766.
    • (1981) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.109 , pp. 758-766
    • Simmons, A.J.1    Burridge, D.M.2
  • 37
    • 0029515364 scopus 로고
    • An idealized study of African easterly waves. III: More realistic basic states
    • Thorncroft, C. D., 1995: An idealized study of African easterly waves. III: More realistic basic states. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1589-1614.
    • (1995) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.121 , pp. 1589-1614
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1
  • 38
    • 0028594682 scopus 로고
    • An idealized study of African easterly waves. I: A linear view
    • Thorncroft, C. D., and B. Hoskins, 1994: An idealized study of African easterly waves. I: A linear view. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 953-982.
    • (1994) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.120 , pp. 953-982
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1    Hoskins, B.2
  • 40
    • 0035869797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African easterly wave variability and its relationship to Atlantic tropical cyclone activity
    • Thorncroft, C. D., and K. Hodges, 2001: African easterly wave variability and its relationship to Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. J. Climate, 14, 1166-1179.
    • (2001) Climate J. , vol.14 , pp. 1166-1179
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1    Hodges, K.2
  • 41
    • 58049118029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of African easterly waves. Part III: Genesis
    • Thorncroft, C. D., N. Hall, and G. Kiladis, 2008: Three-dimensional structure and dynamics of African easterly waves. Part III: Genesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3596-3607.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 3596-3607
    • Thorncroft, C.D.1    Hall, N.2    Kiladis, G.3
  • 42
    • 62149109999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for African monsoon breaks: Mediterranean cold air surges
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010654
    • Vizy, E. K., and K. H. Cook, 2009: A mechanism for African monsoon breaks: Mediterranean cold air surges. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D01104, doi:10.1029/2008JD010654.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Vizy, E.K.1    Cook, K.H.2
  • 44
    • 77953706259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forcing processes of the summertime circumglobal teleconnection pattern in a dry AGCM
    • Yasui, S., and M. Watanabe, 2010: Forcing processes of the summertime circumglobal teleconnection pattern in a dry AGCM. J. Climate, 23, 2093-2114.
    • (2010) Climate J. , vol.23 , pp. 2093-2114
    • Yasui, S.1    Watanabe, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.