메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 20, 2011, Pages 5275-5291

Atmospheric climate change detection by radio occultation data using a fingerprinting method

Author keywords

Anthropogenic effects; Climate change; Climate records; ENSO; Trends

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE; ATMOSPHERIC CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS; CLIMATE CHANGE DETECTION; CLIMATE RECORD; CLIMATE RESEARCH; CONFIDENCE LEVELS; COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; DATA SETS; EMERGING TRENDS; ENSO; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS; HIGH QUALITY; HIGH-QUALITY MEASUREMENTS; LONG TERM STABILITY; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; PRESSURE LEVEL; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; RADIO OCCULTATIONS; SELF CALIBRATION; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; TRENDS; TROPOSPHERIC WARMING;

EID: 80755125213     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2011JCLI3966.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0032841193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checking for model consistency in optimal fingerprinting
    • Allen, M. R., and S. F. B. Tett, 1999: Checking for model consistency in optimal fingerprinting. Climate Dyn., 15, 419-434.
    • (1999) Climate Dyn , vol.15 , pp. 419-434
    • Allen, M.R.1    Tett, S.F.B.2
  • 2
    • 0141990498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating signal amplitudes in optimal fingerprinting, Part I: Theory
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0313-9
    • Allen, M. R., and P. A. Stott, 2003: Estimating signal amplitudes in optimal fingerprinting, Part I: Theory. Climate Dyn., 21, 477-491, doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0313-9.
    • (2003) Climate Dyn , vol.21 , pp. 477-491
    • Allen, M.R.1    Stott, P.A.2
  • 3
    • 42649144380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 mission: Early results
    • Anthes, R. A., and Coauthors, 2008: The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 mission: Early results. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 313-333.
    • (2008) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.89 , pp. 313-333
    • Anthes, R.A.1
  • 4
    • 20444475291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting and attributing external influences on the climate system: A review of recent advances
    • Barnett, T., and Coauthors, 2005: Detecting and attributing external influences on the climate system: A review of recent advances. J. Climate, 18, 1291-1314.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 1291-1314
    • Barnett, T.1
  • 5
    • 24944553310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPS radio occultation with GRACE: Atmospheric profiling utilizing the zero difference technique.Geophys
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL023109
    • Beyerle, G., T. Schmidt, G. Michalak, S. Heise, J. Wickert, and C. Reigber, 2005: GPS radio occultation with GRACE: Atmospheric profiling utilizing the zero difference technique. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13806, doi:10.1029/2005GL023109.
    • (2005) Res. Lett , vol.32
    • Beyerle, G.1    Schmidt, T.2    Michalak, G.3    Heise, S.4    Wickert, J.5    Reigber, C.6
  • 6
    • 34249982161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical tropopause climatology as observed with radio occultation measurements from CHAMP compared to ECMWF and NCEP analyses
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL027918
    • Borsche, M., G. Kirchengast, and U. Foelsche, 2007: Tropical tropopause climatology as observed with radio occultation measurements from CHAMP compared to ECMWF and NCEP analyses. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03702, doi:10.1029/2006GL027918.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.34
    • Borsche, M.1    Kirchengast, G.2    Foelsche, U.3
  • 7
    • 33744490657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3)
    • Collins, W. D., and Coauthors, 2006: The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). J. Climate, 19, 2122-2143.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 2122-2143
    • Collins, W.D.1
  • 8
    • 43749084828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observing upper troposphere-lower stratosphere climate with radio occultation data from the CHAMP satellite
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0337-7
    • Foelsche, U., M. Borsche, A. K. Steiner, A. Gobiet, B. Pirscher, G. Kirchengast, J. Wickert, and T. Schmidt, 2008a: Observing upper troposphere-lower stratosphere climate with radio occultation data from the CHAMP satellite. Climate Dyn., 31, 49-65, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0337-7.
    • (2008) Climate Dyn , vol.31 , pp. 49-65
    • Foelsche, U.1    Borsche, M.2    Steiner, A.K.3    Gobiet, A.4    Pirscher, B.5    Kirchengast, G.6    Wickert, J.7    Schmidt, T.8
  • 9
    • 80755123679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating a consistent radio occultation data base for climate studies in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
    • 5289 of Radio Occultation Measurements, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF
    • Foelsche, U., G. Kirchengast, M. Borsche, B. Pirscher, and A. K. Steiner, 2008b: Creating a consistent radio occultation data base for climate studies in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Proc. ECMWF GRAS-SAF Workshop on Applications 15 OCTOBER 2011 LACKNER E T AL. 5289 of Radio Occultation Measurements, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 151-165.
    • (2008) Proc. ECMWF GRAS-SAF Workshop on Applications 15 OCTOBER 2011 LACKNER E T AL , pp. 151-165
    • Foelsche, U.1    Kirchengast, G.2    Borsche, M.3    Pirscher, B.4    Steiner, A.K.5
  • 10
    • 53149096224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observing system simulation experiment for climate monitoring with GNSS radio occultation data: Setup and test bed study
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009231
    • Foelsche, U., G. Kirchengast, A. Steiner, L. Kornblueh, E. Manzini, and L. Bengtsson, 2008c: An observing system simulation experiment for climate monitoring with GNSS radio occultation data: Setup and test bed study. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11108, doi:10.1029/2007JD009231.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res , vol.113
    • Foelsche, U.1    Kirchengast, G.2    Steiner, A.3    Kornblueh, L.4    Manzini, E.5    Bengtsson, L.6
  • 11
    • 67649649464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the climate monitoring utility of radio occultation data: From CHAMP to FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC
    • doi:10.3319/TAO.2008.01.14.01(F3C)
    • Foelsche, U., B. Pirscher, M. Borsche, G. Kirchengast, and J. Wickert, 2009: Assessing the climate monitoring utility of radio occultation data: From CHAMP to FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 20, 155-170, doi:10.3319/TAO.2008.01.14.01(F3C).
    • (2009) Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci , vol.20 , pp. 155-170
    • Foelsche, U.1    Pirscher, B.2    Borsche, M.3    Kirchengast, G.4    Wickert, J.5
  • 12
    • 84857767300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractivity and temperature climate records from multiple radio occultation satellites consistent within 0.05%
    • doi:10.5194/amtd-4-1593-2011
    • Foelsche, U., B. Scherllin-Pirscher, F. Ladstädter, A. K. Steiner, and G. Kirchengast, 2011: Refractivity and temperature climate records from multiple radio occultation satellites consistent within 0.05%. Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 4, 1593-1615, doi:10.5194/amtd-4-1593-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss , vol.4 , pp. 1593-1615
    • Foelsche, U.1    Scherllin-Pirscher, B.2    Ladstädter, F.3    Steiner, A.K.4    Kirchengast, G.5
  • 13
    • 39049124615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ozone cooling in the tropical lower stratosphere and upper troposphere
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL031994
    • Forster, P. M., G. Bodeker, R. Schofield, S. Solomon, and D. Thompson, 2007: Effects of ozone cooling in the tropical lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23813, doi:10.1029/2007GL031994.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.34
    • Forster, P.M.1    Bodeker, G.2    Schofield, R.3    Solomon, S.4    Thompson, D.5
  • 14
    • 80755137252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • End-to-end generic occultation performance simulator version 5.5 (EGOPS5.5) software user manual
    • Astrophysics, and Meteorology, University of Graz, Tech. Rep. for ESA/ESTEC1/2009
    • Fritzer, J., G. Kirchengast, and M. Pock, 2009: End-to-end generic occultation performance simulator version 5.5 (EGOPS5.5) software user manual. Wegener Center for Climate and global Change and Institute for Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Meteorology, University of Graz, Tech. Rep. for ESA/ESTEC1/2009, 504 pp.
    • (2009) Wegener Center for Climate and global Change and Institute for Geophysics , pp. 504
    • Fritzer, J.1    Kirchengast, G.2    Pock, M.3
  • 15
    • 14744284955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advancements of global navigation satellite system radio occultation retrieval in the upper stratosphere for optimal climate monitoring utility
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD005117
    • Gobiet, A., and G. Kirchengast, 2004: Advancements of global navigation satellite system radio occultation retrieval in the upper stratosphere for optimal climate monitoring utility. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24110, doi:10.1029/2004JD005117.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res , vol.109
    • Gobiet, A.1    Kirchengast, G.2
  • 16
    • 34547335977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieval of temperature profiles from CHAMP for climate monitoring: Intercomparison with envisat MIPAS and GOMOS and different atmospheric analyses
    • Gobiet, A., and G. Kirchengast, G. L. Manney, M. Borsche, C. Retscher, and G. Stiller, 2007: Retrieval of temperature profiles from CHAMP for climate monitoring: Intercomparison with envisat MIPAS and GOMOS and different atmospheric analyses. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3519-3536.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.7 , pp. 3519-3536
    • Gobiet, A.1    Kirchengast, G.2    Manney, G.L.3    Borsche, M.4    Retscher, C.5    Stiller, G.6
  • 17
    • 0034025893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments
    • Gordon, C., C. Cooper, C. A. Senior, H. Banks, J. M. Gregory, T. C. Johns, J. F. B. Mitchell, and R. A. Wood, 2000: The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Climate Dyn., 16, 147-168.
    • (2000) Climate Dyn , vol.16 , pp. 147-168
    • Gordon, C.1    Cooper, C.2    Senior, C.A.3    Banks, H.4    Gregory, J.M.5    Johns, T.C.6    Mitchell, J.F.B.7    Wood, R.A.8
  • 18
    • 77953746643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar influences on climate
    • doi:10.1029/2009RG000282
    • Gray, L. J., and Coauthors, 2010: Solar influences on climate. Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4001, doi:10.1029/2009RG000282.
    • (2010) Rev. Geophys , vol.48
    • Gray, L.J.1
  • 19
    • 34247532295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homogenization of radiosonde temperature time series using innovation statistics
    • Haimberger, L., 2007: Homogenization of radiosonde temperature time series using innovation statistics. J. Climate, 20, 1377-1403.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 1377-1403
    • Haimberger, L.1
  • 20
    • 56349084212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward elimination of the warm bias in historic radiosonde temperature recordssome new results from a comprehensive intercomparison of upperair data
    • Gray, L. J., C. Tavolato, and S. Sperka, 2008: Toward elimination of the warm bias in historic radiosonde temperature recordssome new results from a comprehensive intercomparison of upperair data. J. Climate, 21, 4587-4606.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 4587-4606
    • Gray, L.J.1    Tavolato, C.2    Sperka, S.3
  • 22
    • 2642558846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CHAMP and SAC-C atmospheric occultation results and intercomparisons
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003909
    • Hajj, G. A., and Coauthors, 2004: CHAMP and SAC-C atmospheric occultation results and intercomparisons. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06109, doi:10.1029/2003JD003909.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res , vol.109
    • Hajj, G.A.1
  • 23
    • 0030412104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting greenhouse gas- induced climate change with an optimal fingerprint method
    • Hegerl, G. C., H. von Storch, K. Hasselmann, B. D. Santer, U. Cubasch, and P. D. Jones, 1996: Detecting greenhouse gas- induced climate change with an optimal fingerprint method. J. Climate, 9, 2281-2306.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 2281-2306
    • Hegerl, G.C.1    von Storch, H.2    Hasselmann, K.3    Santer, B.D.4    Cubasch, U.5    Jones, P.D.6
  • 24
    • 0031396075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change
    • Hegerl, G. C., K. Hasselmann, U. Cubasch, J. F. B. Mitchell, E. Roeckner, R. Voss, and J. Waszkewitz, 1997: Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change. Climate Dyn., 13, 613-634.
    • (1997) Climate Dyn , vol.13 , pp. 613-634
    • Hegerl, G.C.1    Hasselmann, K.2    Cubasch, U.3    Mitchell, J.F.B.4    Roeckner, E.5    Voss, R.6    Waszkewitz, J.7
  • 25
    • 36549047247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and attributing climate change. Climate Change 2007
    • S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Hegerl, G. C., and Coauthors, 2007: Understanding and attributing climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 663-745.
    • (2007) The Physical Science Basis , pp. 663-745
    • Hegerl, G.C.1
  • 26
    • 33750617761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming
    • Held, I. M., and B. J. Soden, 2006: Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J. Climate, 19, 5686-5699.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 5686-5699
    • Held, I.M.1    Soden, B.J.2
  • 27
    • 72049099049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the uncertainty for using global positioning system radio occultation data for climate monitoring: Inter-comparisons of refractivity derived from different data centers
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD011969
    • Ho, S.-P., and Coauthors, 2009: Estimates of the uncertainty for using global positioning system radio occultation data for climate monitoring: Inter-comparisons of refractivity derived from different data centers. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D23107, doi:10.1029/2009JD011969.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res , vol.114
    • Ho, S.-P.1
  • 30
    • 78751548172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance
    • doi:10.1029/2010GL045777
    • Kopp, G., and J. L. Lean, 2011: A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01706, doi:10.1029/2010GL045777.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.38
    • Kopp, G.1    Lean, J.L.2
  • 31
    • 3643127091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observing the earth's atmosphere with radio occultation measurements using the global positioning system
    • Kursinski, E. R., G. A. Hajj, K. R. Hardy, J. T. Schofield, and R. Linfield, 1997: Observing the earth's atmosphere with radio occultation measurements using the global positioning system. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23 429-23 465.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res , vol.102
    • Kursinski, E.R.1    Hajj, G.A.2    Hardy, K.R.3    Schofield, J.T.4    Linfield, R.5
  • 34
    • 33847009823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing climate models using GPS radio occultation: A sensitivity analysis
    • doi:10.1029/2005JD006145
    • Leroy, S. S., J. G. Anderson, and J. A. Dykema, 2006a: Testing climate models using GPS radio occultation: A sensitivity analysis. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17105, doi:10.1029/2005JD006145.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res , vol.111
    • Leroy, S.S.1    Anderson, J.G.2    Dykema, J.A.3
  • 36
    • 36148942466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature
    • doi:10.1098/rspa.2007.1880
    • Lockwood, M., and C. Fröhlich, 2007: Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature. Proc. Roy. Soc., 463A, 2447-2460, doi:10.1098/rspa.2007.1880.
    • (2007) Proc. Roy. Soc , vol.463 A , pp. 2447-2460
    • Lockwood, M.1    Fröhlich, C.2
  • 37
    • 34547489061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climate projections. Climate Change 2007
    • S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Meehl, G. A., and Coauthors, 2007: Global climate projections. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 747-845.
    • (2007) The Physical Science Basis , pp. 747-845
    • Meehl, G.A.1
  • 38
    • 0001265595 scopus 로고
    • An extended table of critical values for the Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) two-sample statistic
    • Milton, R. C., 1964: An extended table of critical values for the Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) two-sample statistic. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc., 59, 925-934.
    • (1964) J. Amer. Stat. Assoc , vol.59 , pp. 925-934
    • Milton, R.C.1
  • 40
    • 0003564167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenari
    • Cambridge University Press
    • Nakićenović, N., and Coauthors, 2000: IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. Cambridge University Press, 570 pp.
    • (2000) , pp. 570
    • Nakićenović, N.1
  • 41
    • 34047144423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achieving satellite instrument calibration for climate change
    • doi:10.1029/2007EO110015
    • Ohring, G., and Coauthors, 2007: Achieving satellite instrument calibration for climate change. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 88, 11, doi:10.1029/2007EO110015.
    • (2007) Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union , vol.88 , pp. 11
    • Ohring, G.1
  • 43
    • 34548074240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local time influence in single-satellite radio occultation climatologies from Sun-synchronous and non-Sun-synchronous satellites
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD007934
    • Pirscher, B., U. Foelsche, B. C. Lackner, and G. Kirchengast, 2007: Local time influence in single-satellite radio occultation climatologies from Sun-synchronous and non-Sun-synchronous satellites. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11119, doi:10.1029/2006JD007934.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res , vol.112
    • Pirscher, B.1    Foelsche, U.2    Lackner, B.C.3    Kirchengast, G.4
  • 44
    • 78650050685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of global Positioning System radio occultation data in the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis
    • doi:10.1002/qj.722
    • Poli, P., S. B. Healy, and D. P. Dee, 2010: Assimilation of global Positioning System radio occultation data in the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 1972-1990, doi:10.1002/qj.722.
    • (2010) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.136 , pp. 1972-1990
    • Poli, P.1    Healy, S.B.2    Dee, D.P.3
  • 45
    • 0034108544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of newphysical parametrizations in theHadley Centre climate model: HadAM3
    • Pope, V. D., M. L. Gallani, P. R. Rowntree, and R. A. Stratton, 2000: The impact of newphysical parametrizations in theHadley Centre climate model: HadAM3. Climate Dyn., 16, 123-146.
    • (2000) Climate Dyn , vol.16 , pp. 123-146
    • Pope, V.D.1    Gallani, M.L.2    Rowntree, P.R.3    Stratton, R.A.4
  • 46
    • 62749123545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010421
    • Randel, W. J., and Coauthors, 2009: An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02107, doi:10.1029/2008JD010421.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res , vol.114
    • Randel, W.J.1
  • 47
    • 43449084941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties in the climate mean state of global observations, reanalyses, and the GFDL climate model
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009278
    • Reichler, T., and J. Kim, 2008: Uncertainties in the climate mean state of global observations, reanalyses, and the GFDL climate model. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05106, doi:10.1029/2007JD009278.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res , vol.113
    • Reichler, T.1    Kim, J.2
  • 48
    • 43449119039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring twenty-first century climate using GPS radio occultation bending angles
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL032462
    • Ringer, M. A., and S. B. Healy, 2008: Monitoring twenty-first century climate using GPS radio occultation bending angles. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05708, doi:10.1029/2007GL032462.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.35
    • Ringer, M.A.1    Healy, S.B.2
  • 49
    • 27744554324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric general circulaton model ECHAM5
    • Roeckner, E., and Coauthors, 2003: The atmospheric general circulaton model ECHAM5. Max-Planck-Insitute for Meteorology Rep. 349, 127 pp.
    • (2003) Max-Planck-Insitute for Meteorology Rep , vol.349 , pp. 127
    • Roeckner, E.1
  • 52
    • 78649400947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed with GPS radio occultation bending angles and temperatures: GNSS Remote Sensing-1
    • doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.01.021
    • Schmidt, T., S. Heise, J. Wickert, and A. Haser, 2010: Variability of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed with GPS radio occultation bending angles and temperatures: GNSS Remote Sensing-1. Adv. Space Res., 46, 150-161, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.01.021.
    • (2010) Adv. Space Res , vol.46 , pp. 150-161
    • Schmidt, T.1    Heise, S.2    Wickert, J.3    Haser, A.4
  • 54
    • 2942629670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in signals of largescale climate variations in radiosonde and satellite upper-air temperature datasets
    • Seidel, D. J., and Coauthors, 2004: Uncertainty in signals of largescale climate variations in radiosonde and satellite upper-air temperature datasets. J. Climate, 17, 2225-2240.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 2225-2240
    • Seidel, D.J.1
  • 58
    • 76249093293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency variations in surface atmospheric humidity, temperature, and precipitation: Inferences from reanalyses and monthly gridded observational data sets
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD012442
    • Simmons, A. J.,K.M.Willett, P. D. Jones, P. W. Thorne, and D. P. Dee, 2010: Low-frequency variations in surface atmospheric humidity, temperature, and precipitation: Inferences from reanalyses and monthly gridded observational data sets. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D01110, doi:10.1029/2009JD012442.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res , vol.115
    • Simmons, A.J.1    Willett, K.M.2    Jones, P.D.3    Thorne, P.W.4    Dee, D.P.5
  • 59
    • 84937348591 scopus 로고
    • The constants in the equation for atmospheric refractive index at radio frequencies
    • Smith, E. K., and S. Weintraub, 1953: The constants in the equation for atmospheric refractive index at radio frequencies. Proc. IRE, 41, 1035-1037.
    • (1953) Proc. IRE , vol.41 , pp. 1035-1037
    • Smith, E.K.1    Weintraub, S.2
  • 60
    • 25844520581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Error analysis for GNSS radio occultation data based on ensembles of profiles from end-to-end simulations
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD005251
    • Steiner, A. K., and G. Kirchengast, 2005: Error analysis for GNSS radio occultation data based on ensembles of profiles from end-to-end simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15307, doi:10.1029/2004JD005251.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res , vol.110
    • Steiner, A.K.1    Kirchengast, G.2
  • 62
    • 38349114527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-year comparison of lower stratospheric temperatures from CHAMP radio occultation data with MSU/AMSU records
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD008283
    • Steiner, A. K.,G. Kirchengast, M. Borsche, U. Foelsche, and T. Schoengassner, 2007: A multi-year comparison of lower stratospheric temperatures from CHAMP radio occultation data with MSU/AMSU records. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22110, doi:10.1029/2006JD008283.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res , vol.112
    • Steiner, A.K.1    Kirchengast, G.2    Borsche, M.3    Foelsche, U.4    Schoengassner, T.5
  • 64
    • 0032436237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent detection of climate change
    • Stott, P. A., and S. F. B. Tett, 1998: Scale-dependent detection of climate change. J. Climate, 11, 3282-3294.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 3282-3294
    • Stott, P.A.1    Tett, S.F.B.2
  • 65
    • 0041764322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do models underestimate the solar contribution to recent climate change?
    • Stott, P. A., G. S. Jones, and J. F. B. Mitchell, 2003: Do models underestimate the solar contribution to recent climate change? J. Climate, 16, 4079-4093.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 4079-4093
    • Stott, P.A.1    Jones, G.S.2    Mitchell, J.F.B.3
  • 66
    • 27744442845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties in climate trends: Lessons from upper-air temperature records
    • Thorne, P. W., D. E. Parker, J. R. Christy, and C. A. Mears, 2005a: Uncertainties in climate trends: Lessons from upper-air temperature records. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86, 1437-1442.
    • (2005) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.86 , pp. 1437-1442
    • Thorne, P.W.1    Parker, D.E.2    Christy, J.R.3    Mears, C.A.4
  • 68
    • 27144554835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-40 Re-Analysis
    • doi:10.1256/qj.04.176.
    • Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 Re-Analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012, doi:10.1256/qj.04.176.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 2961-3012
    • Uppala, S.M.1
  • 70
    • 0029729277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPS sounding of the atmosphere from low earth orbit: Preliminary results
    • Ware, R., and Coauthors, 1996: GPS sounding of the atmosphere from low earth orbit: Preliminary results. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 19-40.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.77 , pp. 19-40
    • Ware, R.1
  • 71
    • 2642540815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radio occultation experiment aboard CHAMP: Operational data analysis and validation of vertical atmospheric profiles
    • Wickert, J., T. Schmidt, G. Beyerle, R. Knig, C. Reigber, and N. Jakowski, 2004: The radio occultation experiment aboard CHAMP: Operational data analysis and validation of vertical atmospheric profiles. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 381-395.
    • (2004) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.82 , pp. 381-395
    • Wickert, J.1    Schmidt, T.2    Beyerle, G.3    Knig, R.4    Reigber, C.5    Jakowski, N.6
  • 72
    • 18744395192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPS radio occultation with CHAMP and GRACE: A first look at a new and promising satellite configuration for global atmospheric sounding
    • doi:10.5194/angeo-23-653-2005
    • Wickert, J., G. Beyerle, R. König, S. Heise, L. Grunwaldt, G. Michalak, C. Reigber, and T. Schmidt, 2005: GPS radio occultation with CHAMP and GRACE: A first look at a new and promising satellite configuration for global atmospheric sounding. Ann. Geophys., 23, 653-658, doi:10.5194/angeo-23-653-2005.
    • (2005) Ann. Geophys , vol.23 , pp. 653-658
    • Wickert, J.1    Beyerle, G.2    König, R.3    Heise, S.4    Grunwaldt, L.5    Michalak, G.6    Reigber, C.7    Schmidt, T.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.