A three-dimensional Moho depth model for the Tien Shan from EGM2008 gravity data

Tectonics

Volumn 30, Issue 5, 2011, Pages

  Steffen, Rebekka ^a,b   Steffen, Holger ^b   Jentzsch, Gerhard ^a  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAVITATION; LANDFORMS; SEISMOLOGY;

CENTRAL ASIA; COLLISION ZONE; EURASIAN PLATES; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; GRAVITY DATA; GRAVITY INVERSIONS; HIMALAYAS; ISOSTATIC COMPENSATION; MOHO DEPTH; MOUNTAIN RANGES; PAMIR MOUNTAINS; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; SEISMIC STUDIES; SEISMOLOGICAL DATA; TARIM BASIN; TOPOGRAPHIC DATA;

THREE DIMENSIONAL;

CRUST-MANTLE BOUNDARY; DATA INVERSION; DATA SET; GRAVITY SURVEY; ISOSTASY; MOHO; OROGENY; SUBDUCTION; TERRANE; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING;

CHINA; TARIM BASIN; TIEN SHAN; XINJIANG UYGUR;

EID: 80455155221     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011TC002886     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Abdrakhmatov, K. Y., et al. (1996), Relatively recent construction of the Tien Shan inferred from GPS measurements of present-day crustal deformation rates, Nature, 384, 450-453, doi:10.1038/384450a0. (Pubitemid 26414658)
2. Abdrakhmatov, K. Y., R. Weldon, S. Thompson, D. Burbank, C. H. Rubin, M. Miller, and P. Molnar (2001), Origin, direction, and rate of modern compression in the Central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, Geol. Geofiz., 42, 1585-1609. (Pubitemid 33818896)
3. Amante, C., and B. W. Eakins (2009), ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis, NOAA Tech. Memo. NESDIS NGDC-24, 19 pp., NOAA, Silver Spring, Md.
4. Arabelos, D. N., and C. C. Tscherning (2010), A comparison of recent Earth gravitational models with emphasis on their contribution in refining the gravity and geoid at continental or regional scale, J. Geod., 84(11), 643-660, doi:10.1007/s00190-010-0397-z.
5. Artemjev, M. E., M. K. Kaban, V. A. Kucherinenko, G. V. Demjanov, and V. A. Taranov (1994), Subcrustal density inhomogeneities of Northern Eurasia as derived from the gravity data and isostatic models of the lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 240, 249-280, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(94)90275-5.
6. Bagdassarov, N., V. Batalev, and V. Egorova (2011), State of lithosphere beneath Tien Shan from petrology and electrical conductivity of xenoliths, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B01202, doi:10.1029/2009JB007125.
7. Bassin, C., G. Laske, and G. Masters (2000), The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America, Eos Trans. AGU, 81, F897.
8. Belousov, V. V., N. I. Pavlenkova, and G. N. Kvyatkovskaya (1992), Structure of the crust and upper mantle of the (former)USSR, Int. Geol. Rev., 343, 213-216, doi:10.1080/00206819209465597.
9. Beloussov, V. V., et al. (1980), Structure of the lithosphere along the deep seismic sounding profile: Tien Shan-Pamirs-Karakorum-Himalayas, Tectonophysics, 70, 193-221, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(80)90279-6.
10. Bezhanov, G. R., V. Y. Koshkin, I. I. Nikitchenko, L. I. Skrinnik, T. M. Azizov, and A. V. Timush (2000), Geological Structure of Kazakhstan [in Russian], 396 pp. Acad. of Miner. Resour. of Repub. of Kaz., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
11. Bielinski, R. A., S. K. Park, A. Rybin, V. Batalev, S. Jun, and C. Sears (2003), Lithospheric heterogeneity in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan imaged by magnetotelluric studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(15), 1806, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL017455.
12. Blackman, R. B., and J. W. Turkey (1959), The Measurement of Power Spectra: From the Point of View of Communications Engineering, 190 pp., Dover, New York.
13. Braitenberg, C., M. Zadro, J. Fang, Y. Wang, and H. T. Hsu (2000a), Gravity inversion in Qinghai-Tibet-Plateau, Phys. Chem. Earth, Part A, 25(4), 381-386, doi:10.1016/S1464-1895(00)00060-0. (Pubitemid 30409702)
14. Braitenberg, C., M. Zadro, J. Fang, Y. Wang, and H. T. Hsu (2000b), The gravity and isostatic Moho undulations in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, J. Geod., 30, 489-505, doi:10.1016/S0264-3707(00)00004-1. (Pubitemid 30496453)
15. Braitenberg, C., S. Wienecke, J. Ebbing, W. Born, T. Redfield, and P. Mariani (2008), LithoFLEX Tutorial, user's manual, LithoFLEX Group, Trieste, Italy. [Available at http://www.lithoflex.org/lithoflex/home/basics/Lithoflex- tutorial.pdf.]
16. Bullen, M. E., D. W. Burbank, J. I. Garver, and K. Y. Abdrakhmatov (2001), Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northwestern Tien Shan: New age estimates for the initiation of mountain building, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 113(12), 1544-1559, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2001)1132.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 34063409)
17. Bullen, M. E., D. W. Burbank, and J. I. Garver (2003), Building the northern Tien Shan: Integrated thermal, structural, and topographic constraints, J. Geol., 111, 149-165, doi:10.1086/345840. (Pubitemid 36551724)
18. Bump, H. A., and A. F. Sheehan (1998), Crustal thickness variations across the northern Tien Shan from teleseismic receiver functions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(7), 1055-1058, doi:10.1029/98GL00516. (Pubitemid 28431334)
19. Burov, E. B., and P. Molnar (1998), Gravity anomalies over the Ferghana Valley (central Asia)and intracontinental deformation, J. Geophys. Res., 103(B8), 18,137-18,152, doi:10.1029/98JB01079.
20. Burov, E. V., M. G. Kogan, H. Lyon-Caen, and P. Molnar (1990), Gravity anomalies, the deep structure, and dynamic processes beneath the Tien Shan, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 96, 367-383, doi:10.1016/0012-821X (90)90013-N.
21. Buslov, M. M., J. Klerkx, K. Abdrakhmatov, D. Delvaux, V. Y. Batalev, O. A. Kuchai, B. Dehandschutter, and A. Muraliev (2003), Recent strikeslip deformation of the northern Tien Shan, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 210, 53-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.210.01.04. (Pubitemid 37124427)
22. Buslov, M. M., J. De Grave, and E. A. Bataleva (2004), Cenozoic tectonics and geodynamic evolution of the Tien Shan mountain belt as response to India-Eurasia convergence, Himalayan J. Sci., 2(4), 106-107.
23. Buslov, M. M., J. De Grave, E. A. V. Bataleva, and V. Y. Batalev (2007), Cenozoic tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan Mountains: A review of geological, thermochronological and geophysical data, J. Asian Earth Sci., 29(2-3), 205-214, doi:10.1016/j. jseaes.2006.07.001.
24. Bykadorov, V. A., V. A. Bush, O. A. Fedorenko, I. B. Filippova, N. V. Miletenko, V. N. Puchkov, A. V. Smirnov, B. S. Uzhkenov, and Y. A. Volozh (2003), Ordovician-Permian paleogeography of Central Eurasia: development of Paleozoic petroleum-bearing basins, J. Pet. Geol., 26(3), 325-350, doi:10.1111/j.1747-5457.2003.tb00033.x. (Pubitemid 37061197)
25. Cotton, F., and J. P. Avouac (1994), Crustal and upper-mantle structure under the Tien Shan from surface-wave dispersion, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 84, 95-109, doi:10.1016/0031-9201(94)90036-1.
26. Denker, H. (2009), Evaluierung des globalen Schwerefeldmodells EGM2008, in Berichte 2008 aus der Fachrichtung Geodäise und Geoinformatik, Annu. Rep. 59, edited by P. Lohmann et al., pp. 22-23, Fordererges. Geodaise und Geoinf., Leibniz Univ. Hannover, Germany. [Available at http://www.foerder- geodaesie.uni-hannover.de/.]
27. Ebbing, J., C. Braitenberg, and S. Wienecke (2007), Insights into the lithospheric structure and the tectonic setting of the Barents Sea region from isostatic considerations, Geophys. J. Int., 171, 1390-1403, doi:10.1111/j.1365- 246X.2007.03602.x. (Pubitemid 350142206)
28. Geological Map of Kazakhstan 2001, Geological Survey of Kazakhstan, map, scale 1: 1 000,000, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
29. Geological Survey of Kazakhstan (2001), Geological Map of Kazakhstan, map, scale 1:1,000,000, Almaty, Kazakhstan. Kao, H., R. Gao, R.-J. Rau, D. Shi, R. Y. Chen, Y. Guan, and F. T. Wu (2001), Seismic image of the Tarim basin and its collision with Tibet, Geology, 29(7), 575-578, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001) 0292.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 35302243)
30. Kenyon, S., J. Factor, N. K. Pavlis, and S. Holmes (2007), Towards the next Earth Gravitational Model, paper presented at the 77th SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, Soc. of Explor. Geophys., San Antonio, Tex, 23-26 Sept.
31. Kiamehr, R., and D. Gómez-Ortiz (2009), A new 3D Moho depth model for Iran based on the terrestrial gravity data and EGM2008 model, Geophys. Res. Abstr., 11, EGU2009-321-1.
32. Kosarev, G. L., N. V. Petersen, L. P. Vinnik, and S. W. Roecker (1993), Receiver functions for the Tien Shan analog broadband network: Contrasts in the evolution of structures across the Talasso-Fergana fault, J. Geophys. Res., 98(B3), 4437-4448, doi:10.1029/92JB02651. (Pubitemid 23391270)
33. Kostenko, I. N. (2001), Morphology levels and formation of the morphology in the central part of the Zailijskij Alatau, Vestn. Kaz. Natzionalnogo Tekhnitcheskogo Univ. im. Satpajeva, 5(28), 113-127.
34. Larson, K., R. Bürgmann, R. Bilham, and J. T. Freymueller (1999), Kinematics of the India-Eurasia collision zone from GPS measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 104(B1), 1077-1093, doi:10.1029/1998JB900043. (Pubitemid 29215867)
35. Laske, G., and G. Masters (1997), A global digital map of sediment thickness, Eos Trans. AGU, 78, F483.
36. Li, J., J. Ning, D. Chao, and W. Jiang (2009), Evaluation of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 using GPS-Leveling and Gravity data in China, Newton's Bull., 4, 252-274.
37. Li, Y., and M. Sideris (1993), User's Guide TOPOGEOP, user's guide, Dep. of Geomatics Eng., Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
38. Li, Y., Q. Y. Liu, J. H. Chen, S. C. Li, B. Guo, and Y. G. Lai (2007), Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle underneath the Tianshan orogenic belt, Sci. China, Ser. D: Earth Sci., 50(3), 321-330, doi:10.1007/s11430-007-0008-x. (Pubitemid 46437667)
39. Makarov, V. I., et al. (2010), Underthrusting of Tarim beneath the Tien Shan and deep structure of their junction zone: Main results of seismic experiment along MANAS Profile Kashgar-Song-Köl, Geotectonics, Engl. Transl., 44(2), 102-126, doi:10.1134/S0016852110020020.
40. Martinec, Z. (1994), The density contrast at the Mohorovicic discontinuity, Geophys. J. Int., 117, 539-544, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994. tb03950.x. (Pubitemid 24427053)
41. Mayer-Gürr, T. (2007), ITG-Grace03s: The latest GRACE gravity field solution computed in Bonn, paper presented at the Joint International GSTM and DFG SPP Symposium, Dtsch. GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Oct. 15-17. [Available at http://www.geod.uni-bonn. de/itg-grace03/mayer-guerr-gstm- potsdam-2007.pdf.]
42. Oldenburg, D. W. (1974), The inversion and interpretation of gravity anomalies, Geophysics, 39, 526-536, doi:10.1190/1.1440444.
43. Omuralieva, A., J. Nakajima, and A. Hasegawa (2009), Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of the crust beneath the central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan: Implications for large-and small-scale mountain building, Tectonophysics, 465, 30-44, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.10.010.
44. Parker, R. L. (1972), The rapid calculation of potential anomalies, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 31, 447-455.
45. Pavlis, N. K., S. A. Holmes, S. C. Kenyon, and J. K. Factor (2008), An Earth Gravitational Model to degree 2160: EGM2008, Geophys. Res. Abstr., 10, EGU2008-A-01891.
46. Rodriguez, E., C. S. Morris, J. E. Belz, E. C. Chapin, J. M. Martin, W. Daffer, and S. Hensley (2005), An assessment of the SRTM topographic products, Tech. Rep. JPL D-31639, 143 pp., Jet Propul. Lab., Pasadena, Calif.
47. Roecker, S. W. (2001), Constraints on the crust and upper mantle of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan from the preliminary analysis of GHENGIS broadband seismic data, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 42, 1554-1565.
48. Roecker, S. W., T. M. Sabitova, L. P. Vinnik, Y. A. Burmakov, M. I. Golvanov, R. Mamatkanova, and L. Munirova (1993), Three-dimensional elastic wave velocity structure of the western and central Tien Shan, J. Geophys. Res., 98(B9), 15,779-15,795, doi:10.1029/93JB01560.
49. Sabitova, T. M., O. M. Lesik, and A. A. Adamova (1998), Velocity and density heterogeneities of the Tien-Shan lithosphere, Pure Appl. Geophys., 151, 539-548, doi:10.1007/s000240050128.
50. Schwab, M., et al. (2004), Assembly of the Pamirs: Age and origin of magmatic belts from the southern Tien Shan to the southern Pamirs and their relation to Tibet, Tectonics, 23, TC4002, doi:10.1029/2003TC001583. (Pubitemid 39533256)
51. Sengör, A. M. C., B. A. Natal'in, and V. S. Burtman (1993), Evolution of the Altaid tectonic collage and Palaeozoic crustal growth in Eurasia, Nature, 364, 299-307, doi:10.1038/364299a0. (Pubitemid 23394765)
52. Shatsilov, V. I., P. N. Gorbunov, N. P. Belousova, and N. P. Stephanenko (1997), Tectonics of Tien Shan derived from new geophysical research [in Russian], Inland Earthquake, 11(3), 265-271.
53. Shin, Y. H., H. Xu, C. Braitenberg, J. Fang, and Y. Wang (2007), Moho undulations beneath Tibet from GRACE-integrated gravity data, Geophys. J. Int., 170, 971-985, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03457.x. (Pubitemid 47299463)
54. Simonov, V. A., K. S. Sakiev, N. I. Volkova, S. I. Stupakov, and A. V. Travin (2008), Conditions of formation of the Atbashi Ridge eclogites (South Tien Shan), Geol. Geofiz., 49(11), 803-815, doi:10.1016/j.rgg. 2008.04.001
55. Spector, A., and F. S. Grant (1970), Statistical models for interpreting aeromagnetic data, Geophysics, 35(2), 293-302, doi:10.1190/1.1440092.
56. Stephanenko, N. P. (2006), Multiparametrical model of the earth crust of seismically active areas in the southeast of Kazakhstan [in Russian], Ph.D. thesis, Natl. Acad. of Sci. of the Repub. of Kaz., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
57. Styron, R., M. Taylor, and K. Okoronkwo (2010), Database of active structures from the Indo-Asian collision, Eos Trans. AGU, 91(20), 181-182, doi:10.1029/2010EO200001.
58. Tapley, B., et al. (2005), GGM02 An improved Earth gravity field model from GRACE, J. Geod., 79(8), 467-478, doi:10.1007/s00190-005-0480-z. (Pubitemid 41801092)
59. Tapponnier, P., and P. Molnar (1979), Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tien Shan, Mongolia and Baykal regions, J. Geophys. Res., 84(B7), 3425-3459, doi:10.1029/JB084iB07p03425.
60. Torizin, J., G. Jentzsch, P. Malischewsky, J. Kley, N. Abakanov, and A. Kurskeev (2009), Rating of seismicity and reconstruction of the fault geometries in northern Tien Shan within the project "Seismic Hazard Assessment for Almaty," J. Geodyn., 48(3-5), 269-278, doi:10.1016/j. jog.2009.09.030.
61. Vinnik, L. P., C. Reigber, I. M. Aleshin, G. L. Kosarev, M. K. Kaban, S. I. Oreshin, and S. W. Roecker (2004), Receiver function tomography of the Central Tien Shan, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 225, 131-146, doi:10.1016/j. epsl.2004.05.039. (Pubitemid 39122630)
62. Vinnik, L. P., I. M. Aleshin, M. K. Kaban, S. G. Kiselev, G. L. Kosarev, S. I. Oreshin, and C. Reigber (2006), Crust and mantle of the Tien Shan from data of the receiver function tomography, Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Phys. Solid Earth (Engl. Transl.), 42(8), 639-651, doi:10.1134/S1069351306080027. (Pubitemid 44210266)
63. Wang, C., Z. Yang, H. Luo, and W. D. Mooney (2004), Crustal structure of the northern margin of the eastern Tien Shan, China, and its tectonic implications for the 1906 M ~7.7 Manas earthquake, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 223, 187-202, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.015. (Pubitemid 38768071)
64. Watts, A. B. (2001), Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere, 458 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
65. Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith (1998), New, improved version of generic mapping tools released, Eos Trans. AGU, 79, 579, doi:10.1029/98EO00426.
66. Windley, B. F., M. B. Allen, C. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhao, and G. R. Wang (1990), Paleozoic accretion and Cenozoic redeformation of the Chinese Tien Shan Range, Central Asia, Geology, 18, 128-131, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)0182.3.CO;2.
67. Yin, A., S. Nie, P. Craig, and T. M. Harrison (1998), Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan, Tectonics, 17, 1-27, doi:10.1029/97TC03140.
68. Zhu, L., and H. Kanamori (2000), Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B2), 2969-2980, doi:10.1029/1999JB900322.
69. Zubovich, A. V., et al. (2010), GPS velocity field for the Tien Shan and surrounding regions, Tectonics, 29, TC6014, doi:10.1029/2010TC002772.