Pathogenesis and pathology of focal malformations of cortical development and epilepsy

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 468-480

  Kuzniecky, Ruben I ^a,c   James Barkovich, A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain; Developmental malformations; Epilepsy; Pathogenesis

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN MALFORMATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; EPILEPTOGENESIS; FOCAL EPILEPSY; HUMAN; REVIEW;

ADULT; ASTROCYTES; CELL MOVEMENT; CEREBRAL CORTEX; EPILEPSY; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; NEUROGLIA; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 8044240275     PISSN: 07360258     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004691-199611000-00002     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Austin C, Cepko C. Cellular migration patterns in the mouse cerebral cortex. Development 1990;110:713-73.
2. Avoli M, Hwa C, Mattia D, Olivier A, Villemure J. Microphysiology of human neocortex in vitro. In: Guerrini R, Andermann F, Canapicchi, Roger J, Zifkin B, Pfanner eds. Dysplasias of the cerebral cortex and epilepsy. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996:35-42.
3. Barkovich A. Non-lissencephalic cortical dysplasias: correlation of imaging findings with clinical deficits. AJNR 1992;13:95-103.
4. Barkovich AJ, Chuang SH. Unilateral megalencephaly: correlation of MR imaging and pathologic characteristics. AJNR 1990;11:523-31.
5. Barkovich AJ, Gressens P, Evrard P. Formation, maturation, and disorders of brain neocortex. AJNR 1992;13:423-46.
6. Barkovich R, Guerrini E, Battaglia G, et al. Band heterotopia: correlation of outcome with MRI parameters. Ann Neurol 1994;36:609-17.
7. Barkovich AJ, Kjos BO. Gray matter heterotopias: MR characteristics and correlation with developmental and neurologic manifestations. Radiology 1992;182:493-9.
8. Barkovich A, Kuzniecky R, Dobbyns W, Jackson G, Becker L, Evrard P. A classification scheme for malformations of cortical development. Neuropediatrics 1996;27(2):59-63.
9. Barth PG. Disorders of neuronal migration. Can J Neurol Sci 1987;14:1-16.
10. Belichenko P, Sourander P, Malmgren C, et al. Dendritic morphology in epileptogenic cortex from TRPE patients revealed by intracellular Lucifer Yellow microinjection and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Epilepsy Res 1994;18:233-47.
11. Brodtkorb E, Nilsen G, Smevik O, Rinck PA. Epilepsy and anomalies of neuronal migration: MRI and clinical aspects. Acta Neurol Scand 1992;86(1):24-32.
12. Byrd S, Osborn R, Bohan T, Naidich T. The CT and MR evaluation of migration disorders of the brain. II. Schizencephaly, heterotopia, and polymicrogyria. Pediatr Radiol 1989;19:219-22.
13. Crome L. Pachygyria. J Pathol Bact 1956;71:335-52.
14. Dvorack K, Feit J, Jurankova Z. Experimentally induced focal microgyria and status verrucosis in rats: pathogenesis and interrelation, histological and autoradiographic study. Acta Neuropathol 1978;44:121-9.
15. Edmondson J, Liem R, Kuster J, Hatten M. Astrotactin, a novel cell surface antigen that mediates neuron-glial interactions in cerebellar microcultures. J Cell Biol 1988;106:505-17.
16. Evrard P, Gaddisseux J, Lyon G. Les malformations du systeme nerveux. In: Royer P, ed. Naissance du cerveau. Paris: Lafayette, 1982:49-74.
17. Ferrer I, Pineda M, Tallada M, et al. Abnormal local-circuit neurons in epilepsia partialis continua associated with focal cortical dysplasia. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1992;83:647-52.
18. Furley A, Morton S, Manalo D, Karagoges D, Dodd J, Jesell T. The axonal glycoprotein TAG-1 is a immunoglobulin superfamily member with neunte outgrowth-promoting activity. Cell 1990;61:157-70.
19. Germano I, Sperber H, Moshe S. Molecular and experimental aspects of neuronal migration disorders. In: Guerrini R, Andermann F, Canapicchi, Roger J, Zifkin B, Pfanner, eds. Dysplasias of the cerebral cortex and epilepsy. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996:27-33.
20. Ghosh A, Schatz C. A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of connections from thalamus to neocortex. Development 1993;117:1031-47.
21. Gressens P, Evrard P. Developmental Brain Research 1993;176:272-7.
22. Harding B. Gray matter heterotopia. In: Guerrini R, Andermann F, Canapicchi, Roger J, Zifkin B, Pfanner, eds. Dysplasias of cerebral cortex and epilepsy. Philadelphia: Lippincptt-Raven, 1995:81-7.
23. Hatori M, Adachi H, Tsujimoto M, Arai H. Miller-Dieker lissencephaly gene encodes a subunit of brain platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase. Nature 1994;370:216-8.
24. Innocenti G. The development of projections from cerebral cortex. Prog Sens Physiol 1991;12:65-114.
25. Kaplan M, Chin S, Fliegner K, Liem R. Alpha internexin, a novel neuronal intermediate filament protein, precedes the low molecular weight neurofilament protein (NF-L) in the developing rat brain. J Neurosci 1990;10:2735-48.
26. Kriegstein A. Cortical neurogenesis and its disorders. Current Opinion in Neurology 1996;9:113-7.
27. Kuzniecky R. Magnetic resonance imaging in developmental disorders of the cerebral cortex. Epilepsia 1994;35(6):S44-S56.
28. Kuzniecky R, Berkovic S, Andermann F, Olivier A, Melanson D, Robitaille Y. Focal cortical myoclonus and rolandic cortical dysphasia: clarification by MRI. Ann Neurol 1988;23:317-25.
29. Kuzniecky R, Garcia J, Faught E, Morawetz R. Cortical dysplasia in TLE: MRI correlations. Ann Neurol 1991;29:293-8.
30. Kuzniecky R, Gilliam F, Faught E. Discordant occurrence of cerebral unilateral heterotopia and epilepsy in monozygotic twins. Epilepsia 1995;36:1155-7.
31. Kuzniecky R, Murro A, King D, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in childhood intractable partial epilepsies: pathologic correlations. Neurology 1993;43:681-7.
32. Kuzniecky R, Powers R. Epilepsia partialis continua due to cortical dysplasia. J Child Neurol 1993;8(4):93-6.
33. LoTurco J. GABA and glutamate depolarize cortical progenitor cells and inhibit DNA synthesis. Neuron 1995;15:1287-98.
34. Manz HJ Phillips T, Rowden GDM. Unilateral megalencephaly, cerebral cortical dysplasia, neuronal hypertrophy and heterotopia. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1979;45:97-103.
35. Marin-Padilla M. Early prenatal ontogenesis of the cerebral cortex of the cat. A golgi study. I. The primordial neocortical organization. Z Anat Entwicklungsgesh 1971;134:117-45.
36. Marret S, Mukendi R, Gadisseux J, Gressens P, Evrard P. Effect of ibotenate on brain development: an excitatoxic mouse model of microgyria and posthypoxic-like lesions. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 1995;54(3):358-70.
37. McConell SKC. Cell cycle dependence of laminar determination in developing neocortex. Science 1991;254:282-4.
38. Meenke HJ, Janz D. Neuropathology findings in primary generalised epilepsy: a study of 8 cases. Epilepsia 1984;25:8-21.
39. Nordgren RE, Reeves AG, Viguera AC, Roberts DW. Corpus callosotomy for intractable seizures in the pediatric age group. Arch Neurol 1991;48:364-72.
40. Norman M, McGillivray B, Kalousek D, Hill A, Poskitt K. Congenital malformations of the brain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
41. Norman RM, Urich H, Woods GE. The relationship between prenatal porencephaly and the encephalomalacias of early life. J Mental Sciences 1958;104:758-771.
42. O'Rourke N, Dailey M, Smith S, McConnell S. Diverse migratory pathways in the developing cerebral cortex. Science 1992;258:299-302.
43. Palmini A, Andermann F, Aicardi J, et al. Diffuse cortical dysplasia, or the 'double cortex' syndrome: the clinical and epileptic spectrum in 10 patients. Neurology 1991;41(10):1656-62.
44. Palmini A, Andermann F, Olivier A, et al. Focal neuronal migration disorders and intractable partial epilepsy: a study of 30 patients. Ann Neurol 1991;30(6):741-9.
45. Prayson RA, Estes M, Morris HH. Coexistence of neoplasia and cortical dysplasia m patients presenting with seizures. Epilepsia 1993;34:609-15.
46. Rakic P. Principles of neural cell migration. Experientia 1990;46:822-91.
47. Rakic P, ed. Contact regulation of neuronal migration. In: Edelman GTJ, ed. The cell in contact: adhesions and junctions as morphogenetic determinants. New York: Neuroscience Research Foundation, 1985.
48. Reiner O, Carrozo R, Shen Y. Isolation of a Miller-Dieker lissencephaly gene containing G protein beta subunit-like repeats. Nature 1993;364:717-21.
49. Sankar R, Curran J, Kevill J, et al. Micrpscopic cortical dysplasia in infantile spasms: evolution of white matter abnormalities. AJNR 1995;16:1265-72.
50. Taylor DC, Falconer MA, Bruton CJ, Corsellis JAN. Focal dysplasia of the cerebral cortex in epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1971;34:369-87.
51. Townsend J, Nielsen S, Malamud N. Unilateral megalencephaly: hamartoma or neoplasms? Neurology 1975;25:448-53.
52. Vahldiek G, Terwey B, Hanefeld F, Sperner J. MRI of laminar heteroptopic grey matter. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 1990;152(4):378-83.
53. Vigevano F, Bertini E, Boldrini R, et al. Hemimegalencephaly and intractable epilepsy: benefits of hemispherectomy. Epilepsia 1989;30(6):833-43.
54. Yakovlev P, Wadsworth R. Schizencephalies: a study of the congenital clefts in the cerebral mantle. I. clefts with fused lips. J Neurophatol Exp Neurol 1946;1946:116-30.
55. Zheng C, Heintz N, Hatten M. CNS gene encoding astrotactin which supports neuronal migration along glial fibers. Science 1996;272:417-9.