Poverty, Place or Race: Causes of the Retail Gap in Smaller U.S. Cities

Review of Black Political Economy

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 253-270

  Bellinger, William K ^a   Wang, Jue ^a  

^a DICKINSON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Inner city; Retail; Urban economics

Indexed keywords

EID: 80255135600     PISSN: 00346446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12114-011-9103-5     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bitler M, Haider S. An economic view of food deserts in the United States. 2009. http://www. npc. umich. edu/news/events/food-access/final_bitler_haider. pdf.
2. Blanchard L, Zhao B, Yinger J. Do lenders discriminate against minority and woman entrepreneurs? Journal of Urban Economics. 2008; 63: 467-97.
3. Bostic R, Lampani KP. Racial differences in patterns of small business finance: The impact of local geography. Business Access to Capital and Credit: A Federal Reserve System Research Conference: Proceedings of a Conference Held in Arlington, VA, March 8-9, 1999. In: Blanton JL, Williams A, Rhine SLW, editors. Chicago: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago; 1999.
4. Boston TD, Ross CL, editors. The inner city: Urban poverty and economic development in the next century. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 1997a.
5. Boston TD, Ross CL. Location preferences of successful African American-owned businesses in Atlanta. In: Boston TD, Ross CL, editors. The inner city: Urban poverty and economic development in the next century. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 1997b. p. 337-57.
6. Butler JS. Entrepreneurship and the advantages of the inner city: How to augment the porter hypothesis. In: Boston TD, Ross CL, editors. The inner city: Urban poverty and economic development in the next century. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 1997. p. 39-49.
7. Fainstein SS, Gray M. Economic development strategies for the inner city: The need for government intervention. In: Boston TD, Ross CL, editors. The inner city: Urban poverty and economic development in the next century. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 1997. p. 29-38.
8. Ferguson B, Abell B. The Urban Grocery Store Gap, Commentary, Winter, 8-14. 1998. Food Market Institute website (http://www. fmi. org/facts_figs/?fuseaction=superfact).
9. Gallagher CA. Explaining whites' misperception of racial group size. Sociological Perspectives. 2003; 46(3): 381-96.
10. Initiative for a Competitive Inner City. Overview of the initiative for a competitive inner city. In: Boston TD, Ross CL, editors. The inner city: Urban poverty and economic development in the next century. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 1997. p. 223-32.
11. Initiative for a Competitive Inner City and the Brooklyn Economic Development Corporation. Initiative for a Competitive Brooklyn: Seizing Our Moment (March). 2005. (http://www. icic. org/atf/cf/%7BC81898B2-76E9-4A18-B838-A3F65C9F06B9%7D/05-March-InnForACompBrooklyn. pdf).
12. Initiative for a Competitive Inner City. What is an inner city? 2006a. (http://www. icic. org/site/c. fnJNKPNhFiG/b. 3474827/k. 6052/What_Is_An_Inner_City. htm).
13. Initiative for a Competitive Inner City and the Newark Alliance. Opportunity Newark: Jobs and Community Development for the 21st Century. 2006b. (http://www. icic. org/atf/cf/%7BC81898B2-76E9-4A18-B838-A3F65C9F06B9%7D/06-April-OppNewark. pdf).
14. Johnson JH, Farrell WC, Henderson GR. Mr. Porter's "Competitive Advantage" for inner -city revitalization: Exploitation or empowerment? In: Boston TD, Ross CL, editors. The inner city: Urban poverty and economic development in the next century. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 1997. p. 259-90.
15. Kain JF, Persky JJ. Alternatives to the Gilded Ghetto. Public Interest. 1969; 14: 74-87.
16. Long JS, Ervin L. Using heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors in the linear regression model. The American Statistician. 2000; 54: 217-224.
17. Lösch A. The economics of location. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1954.
18. Mills ES, Sendé Lubuele L. Inner Cities. Journal of Economic Literature. 1997; XXXV: 727-56.
19. Porter M. The competitive advantage of the inner city. Harvard Business Review. 1995; 73: 55-71.
20. Quillian L, Pager D. Black neighbors, higher crime? The role of racial stereotypes in evaluations of neighborhood crime. The American Journal of Sociology. 2001; 107(3): 717-67. University of Chicago Press.
21. Reichert UN. Revitalizing the inner city: A holistic approach. In: Boston TD, Ross CL, editors. The inner city: Urban poverty and economic development in the next century. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 1997. p. 185-93.
22. Rogers CD, Gent M, Palumbo G, Wall R. Understanding the growth and viability of inner city businesses. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship. 2001; 6(3): 237-54.
23. Thomas JM. Rebuilding Inner Cities: basic principles. In: Boston TD, Ross CL, editors. The inner city: Urban poverty and economic development in the next century. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 1997. p. 67-94.
24. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Measuring and Understanding Food Deserts and Their Consequences, June 2009 http://www. ers. usda. gov/Publications/AP/AP036/AP036. pdf.
25. U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. New Markets: The Untapped Retail Power of America's Inner Cities. 1999. http://www. huduser. org/publications/.
26. Villegas D. Comparative performance of spatial models of economic markets with linear household demand. Southern Econ J. April 1982; 893-908.
27. Weiler S, Silverstein J, Chalmers K, Lacey E, Rogers W, Widner B. Understanding the retail business potential of Inner Cities. Journal of Economic Issues. 2003; 37(4): 1075-105.
28. Weissbourd R, Berry C. The Market Potential of Inner-City Neighborhoods, Filling the Information Gap. 1999. Brookings Institution http://www. brookings. edu/es/urban/Weissbourd. PDF.