Modification of information- processing biases in emotional disorders: Clinically relevant developments in experimental psychopathology

International Journal of Cognitive Therapy

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 208-222

  Baert, Saskia ^a   Koster, Ernst H W ^a   De Raedt, Rudi ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80155199148     PISSN: 19371209     EISSN: 19371217     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/ijct.2011.4.2.208     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Amir, N., Beard, C., Cobb, M., & Bomyea, J. (2009). Attention modification program in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 28-33.
3. Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg M.J., & van IJzendoorn, M.H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1-24.
4. Beck., A.T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Hoeber.
5. Beck, A.T., & Clark, D.A. (1988). Anxiety and depression: An information processing perspective. Anxiety Research, 1, 520-526.
6. Beevers, C.G. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability to depression: A dual process model. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 975-1002.
7. Beevers, C.G., & Carver, C.S. (2003). Attentional bias and mood persistence as prospective predictors of dysphoria. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 619-637.
8. Beevers, C.G., & Meyer, B. (2004). Thought suppression and depression risk. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 859-867.
9. Blackburn, I., & Davidson, K., (1995). Cognitive therapy for depression and anxiety. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10. Bower, G.H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.
11. Bradley, B.P., Mogg, K., & Lee, S.C. (1997). Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 911-927.
12. Clark, D.A., Beck, A.T., & Alford, B.A. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory of depression. New York: John Wiley.
13. Dandeneau, S., Baldwin, M., Baccus, J., Sakellaropoulo, M., & Pruessner, J. (2007). Cutting stress off at the pass: Reducing vigilance and responsiveness to social threat by manipulating attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 651-666.
14. Eldar, S., Ricon, T., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2008). Plasticity in attention: Implications for stress response in children. Behavior Research and Therapy, 46, 450-461.
15. Eysenck, M. W. (1997). Anxiety and cognition: A unified theory. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
16. Field, M., & Eastwood, B. (2005). Experimental manipulation of attentional bias increases the motivation to drink alcohol. Psychopharmacology, 183, 350-357.
17. Foa, E.B., & Kozak, M.J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20-35.
18. Goeleven, E., De Raedt, R., Baert, S., & Koster, E.H.W. (2006). Deficient inhibition of emotional information in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 93, 149-157.
19. Gotlib, I.H., Krasnoperova, E., Yue, D.N., & Joormann, J. (2004). Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 127-135.
20. Harvey, A., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., & Shafran, R. (2004). Cognitive behavioral processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press.
21. Hirsch, C. R., Hayes, S., & Mathews, A. (2009). Looking on the bright side: Accessing benign meanings reduces worry. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 44-54.
22. Joormann, J. (2004). Attentional bias in dysphoria: The role of inhibitory processes. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 125-147.
23. Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I.H. (2007). Selective attention to emotional faces following recovery from depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 80-85.
24. Joormann, J., Hertel, P. T., LeMoult, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2009). Selective attention to emotional faces following recovery from depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 34-43.
25. Kessler, R. C., Zhao, S. Y., Blazer, D. G., & Swartz, M. (1997). Prevalence, correlates, and course of minor depression and major depression in the national comorbidity survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 45, 19-30.
26. Klein, K., & Boals, A. (2001). The relationship of life event stress and working memory capacity. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 565-579.
27. Koster, E.H.W., De Raedt, R., Goeleven, E., Franck, E., & Crombez, G. (2005). Moodcongruent attentional biases in dysphoria: Maintained attention with and impaired attentional disengagement from negative information. Emotion, 5, 446-455.
28. Leyman, L., De Raedt, R., Schacht, R., & Koster, E.H.W. (2007). Attentional bias for angry faces in unipolar depression. Psychological Medicine, 37, 393-402.
29. Li, S. W., Tan, J. Q., Qian, M. Y., & Liu, X. H. (2008). Continual training of attentional bias in social anxiety. Behavior Research and Therapy, 46, 905-912.
30. Lieberman, M.D. (2003). Reflexive and reflective judgement processes: A social cognitive neuroscience approach. In J.P. Forgas & K.D. Williams (Eds.), Social judgements: Implicit and explicit processes (pp. 44-67). New York: Cambridge University Press.
31. Lundqvist, D., & Öhman, A. (2005). Emotion regulates attention: The relation between facial configurations, facial emotion, and visual attention. Visual Cognition, 12, 51-84.
32. MacLeod, C., & Hagan, R. (1992). Individual differences in the selective processing of threatening information, and emotional responses to a stressful life-event. Behavior Research and Therapy, 30, 151-161.
33. MacLeod, C., Koster, E. H. W., & Fox, E. (2009). Whither cognitive bias modification research? Commentary on the special section articles. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 89-99.
34. MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002). Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 107-123.
35. MacLeod, C., Soong, L.Y., Rutherford, E., & Campbell, L. (2007). Internet-delivered assessment and manipulation of anxiety-linked attentional bias: Validation of a free-access attentional probe software package. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 533-538.
36. Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2002). Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 331-354.
37. Mathews, A., Mogg, K., Kentish, J, & Eysenck, M. (1995). Effect of psychological treatment on cognitive bias in generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 33, 293-303.
38. McNally, R.J. (1995). Automaticity and the anxiety disorders. Behavior Research and Therapy, 33, 747-754.
39. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitivemotivational analysis of anxiety. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36, 809-848.
40. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B.P. (2005). Attentional bias in generalized anxiety disorder versus depressive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 29-45.
41. Mogg, K., Bradley, B.P., Millar, N., & White, J. (1995). A follow-up study of cognitive bias in generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 33, 927-935.
42. Padesky, C.A. (1994). Schema change processes in cognitive therapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 1, 267-278.
43. Schmidt, N.B., Richey, J.A., Buckner, J.D., & Timpano, K.R. (2009). Attention training for generalized social anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 5-14.
44. Schmukle, S. C. (2005). Unreliability of the dot probe task. European Journal of Personality, 19, 595-605.
45. Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
46. See, J., MacLeod, C., & Bridle, R. (2009). The reduction of anxiety vulnerability through the modification of attentional bias: A realworld study using a home-based cognitive bias modification procedure. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 65-75.
47. Segal, Z., Williams, M., & Teasdale, J. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press.
48. Smith, E., & Rieger, E. (2006). The effect of attentional bias toward shape- and weightrelated information on body dissatisfaction. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39, 509-515.
49. Spasojevic, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2001). Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression. Emotion, 1, 25-37.
50. Teasdale, J.D., & Barnard P. (1993). Hove, U.K: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
51. Wells, A. (2000). Emotional disorders and metacognition. Chichester: John Wiley.
52. Wells, T.T., & Beevers, C.G. (2010). Biased attention in dysphoria: Manipulating selective attention reduces subsequent depressive symptoms. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 719-728.
53. Wilson, E., & MacLeod, C. (2003). Contrasting two accounts of anxiety-linked attentional bias: Selective attention to varying levels of stimulus threat intensity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 212-218.