Observation and modelling of gap flow and wake formation on Svalbard

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 137, Issue 660, 2011, Pages 1731-1738

  Barstad, Idar ^a   Adakudlu, Muralidhar ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Arctic; Jets; Lidar; Spitsbergen

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT DATA; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; ARCTIC; BARENTS SEA; DEGREE OF FIDELITY; GAP FLOWS; LIDAR DATA; LIDAR OBSERVATION; MODEL FRAMEWORK; MODEL SIMULATION; RETURN CURRENT; SATELLITE INFORMATION; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS; SATELLITE PICTURES; SENSITIVITY TESTS; SPITSBERGEN; SVALBARD; VERTICAL CIRCULATION; WAKE FORMATION; WARM WATER; WATER VAPOUR; WIND DIRECTIONS; WIND LIDAR; WIND MAGNITUDES;

AIRCRAFT; COMPUTER SIMULATION; LANDFORMS; OPTICAL RADAR; SATELLITES; WAKES; WIND;

RIVERS;

AIRBORNE SURVEY; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FLOW MODELING; LIDAR; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; WAKE; WIND DIRECTION;

ARCTIC; ARCTIC OCEAN; BARENTS SEA; HINLOPEN STRAIT; NORDAUSTLANDET; SPITSBERGEN; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

EID: 80055075102     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: 1477870X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.782     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Armi L, Mayr GJ. 2007. Continuously stratified flows across an Alpine crest with a pass: Shallow and deep föhn. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 133: 459-477.
2. Barstad I, Grønås S. 2005. Southwesterly flows over southern Norway-Mesoscale sensitivity to large-scale wind direction and speed. Tellus 57A: 136-152.
3. Barstad I, Grønås S. 2006. Dynamical structures for southwesterly airflow over southern Norway-The role of dissipation. Tellus 58A: 2-18.
4. Barstad I, Kristjánsson JE, Hov Ø, Shapiro M, Irvine E, Dörnbrack A, Probst F, Olafsson H, Storvold R, Saetra Ø. 2008. 'The main observational campaign of the IPY-THORPEX-Norway project'. Technical report R29, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research: University of Bergen, Norway.
5. Barstad I, Sorteberg A, Flatøy F, Déqué M. 2009. Precipitation, temperature and wind in Norway-Dynamical downscaling of ERA-40. Clim. Dyn. 33: 769-776.
6. Berrisford P, Dee DP, Fielding K, Fuentes M, Kållberg P, Kobayashi S, Uppala S. 2009. 'The Era-Interim archive'. ERA report series 1. ECMWF: Reading, UK.
7. Bougeault P, Binder P, Buzzi A, Dirks R, Houze R, Kuettner J, Smith RB, Steinacker R, Volkert H. 2001. The MAP Special Observing Period. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 82: 433-462.
8. Dudhia J. 1996. 'A multi-layer soil temperature model for MM5'. In Preprints from the Sixth PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model Users' Workshop, Boulder, USA.
9. Gaberšek S, Durran DR. 2004. Gap flows through idealized topography. Part I: Forcing by large-scale winds in the non-rotating limit. J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 2846-2862.
10. Grubišić V, Smith RB, Schär C. 1995. The effect of bottom friction on shallow-water flow past an isolated obstacle. J. Atmos. Sci. 52: 1985-2005.
11. Hong S-Y, Noh Y, Dudhia J. 2006. A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Weather Rev. 134: 2318-2341.
12. Janjić ZI. 1996. 'The surface layer in the NCEP Eta Model'. In Proceedings of Eleventh Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Norfolk, VA, 19-23 August; Amer. Meteorol. Soc: Boston, MA, 354-355.
13. Janjić ZI. 2002. 'Nonsingular implementation of the Mellor-Yamada Level 2.5 scheme in the NCEP Meso model'. Office Note No. 437, NCEP: Camp Springs, Maryland, USA.
14. Jiang QF, Smith RB, Doyle J. 2003. The nature of the mistral: Observations and modelling of two MAP events. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 129: 857-875.
15. Kain JS, Fritsch JM. 1990. A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci. 47: 2784-2802.
16. Kain JS, Fritsch JM. 1993. Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: The Kain-Fritsch scheme. In The representation of cumulus convection in numerical models. Emanuel K A, Raymond DJ. (eds.) Amer. Meteorol. Soc: Boston, USA.
17. Mayr GJ, Armi, Gohm LA, Zängl G, Durran DR, Flamant C, Gabersek S, Mobbs S, Ross A, Weissmann M. 2007. Gap flows: Results from the Mesoscale Alpine Programme. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 133: 881-896.
18. Monin AS, Obukhov AM. 1954. Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Contrib. Geophys. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR 151: 163-187 (in Russian).
19. Ohigashi O, Moore GWK. 2009. Fine structures of a Greenland reverse tip jet: A numerical simulation. Tellus 61A: 512-526.
20. Olafsson H, Bougeault P. 1997. The effect of rotation and surface friction on orographic drag. J. Atmos. Sci. 54: 193-210.
21. Pan FF, Smith RB. 1999. Gap winds and wakes: SAR observations and numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci. 56: 905-923.
22. Sandvik AD, Furevik BR. 2002. Case study of a coastal jet at Spitsbergen-Comparison of SAR- and model-estimated wind. Mon. Weather Rev. 130: 1040-1051.
23. Schär C, Smith RB. 1993a. Shallow-water flow past isolated topography. Part I: Vorticity production and wake formation. J. Atmos. Sci. 50: 1373-1400.
24. Schär C, Smith RB. 1993b. Shallow-water flow past isolated topography. Part II: Transition to vortex shedding. J. Atmos. Sci. 50: 1401-1412.
25. Schär C, Sprenger M, Luthi D, Jiang QF, Smith RM, Benoit R. 2003. Structure and dynamics of an Alpine potential-vorticity banner. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 129: 825-855.
26. Schneider T, Held IM, Garner ST. 2003. Boundary effects in potential vorticity dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci. 60: 1024-1040.
27. Skamarock WC, Klemp JB, Dudhia J, Gill DO, Barker DM, Wang W, Powers JG. 2005. 'A description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2'. Tech. Note 468 + STR. NCAR: Boulder, USA.
28. Skeie P, Grønås S. 2000. Strongly stratified easterly flows across Spitsbergen. Tellus 52A: 473-486.
29. Smith RB. 1980. Linear theory of stratified hydrostatic flow past an isolated mountain. Tellus 32: 348-364.
30. Smith RB. 1989. Comment on 'Low Froude number flow past three-dimensional obstacles. Part I: Baroclinically generated lee vortices' by Smolarkiewicz PK, Rotunno R. J. Atmos. Sci. 46: 3611-3613.
31. Smith RB. 2001. Stratified flow over topography. In Environmental Stratified Flows, Grimshaw R. (ed.) Topics in Environmental Fluid Mechanics, EFMS 3, Kluwer: Boston. 121-159.
32. Smith RB, Gleason AC, Gluhosky PA. 1997. The wake of St. Vincent. J. Atmos. Sci. 54: 606-623.
33. Smolarkiewicz PK, Rotunno R. 1989. Low Froude number three-dimensional obstacles. Part I: Baroclinically generated lee vortices. J. Atmos. Sci. 46: 1154-1164.
34. Weissmann M, Busen R, Dörnbrack A, Rahm S, Reitebuch O. 2005. Targeted observations with an airborne wind LIDAR. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 22: 1706-1719.