A physically oriented approach to analysis and mapping of terroirs

Geoderma

Volumn 167-168, Issue , 2011, Pages 103-117

  Bonfante, A ^a   Basile, A ^a   Langella, G ^a   Manna, P ^b   Terribile, F ^b  

^a CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

CWSI; Italy; SWAP model; Terroir; Terroir mapping; Viticulture zoning

Indexed keywords

CAMPANIA; CLIMATE DATA; CLIMATIC DATA; CROP WATER STRESS INDICES; CWSI; DATA SETS; EMPIRICAL MODEL; ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES; GIS-DATABASE; HIGH POTENTIAL; HIGH QUALITY; HIGH-RESOLUTION DEM; HYDROPEDOLOGY; ITALY; MULTI-CRITERIA; PARAMETRIC MODELS; PLANT PRODUCTION; SOIL DATA; SOIL HYDRAULICS; SOIL SCIENCE; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SWAP MODEL; TERROIR; VINEYARD MANAGEMENT; WATER BALANCE SIMULATION; WATER STRESS; WINE PRODUCTION; WINKLER;

BREWERIES; CLIMATE MODELS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CROPS; GEOLOGIC MODELS; PLANTS (BOTANY); SOILS; SPATIAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENT; WINE;

QUALITY CONTROL;

CLIMATE VARIATION; CORRELATION; CROP PRODUCTION; DATABASE; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING; GIS; INCOME DISTRIBUTION; MARKETING; SOIL REMEDIATION; VINEYARD; VITICULTURE; WATER STRESS;

CAMPANIA [ITALY]; ITALY;

EID: 80055035657     PISSN: 00167061     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.08.004     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Acevedo-Opazo C., Tisseyre B., Guillaume S., Ojeda H. The potential of high spatial resolution information to define within-vineyard zones related to vine water status. Springer Science+Business Media. Precis. Agric. 2008, 9:285-302.
2. Allen R.G., Pruitt W.O. Rational use of the FAO Blaney-Criddle formula. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. ASCE 1986, 112(IR2):139-155.
3. Allen R., Pereira L.S., Raes D., Smith M. Crop evapotranspiration - guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 1998, vol. 56. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
4. Alves I., Pereira L.S. Non-water-stressed baselines for irrigation scheduling with infrared thermometers: a new approach. Irrig. Sci. 2000, 19:101-106.
5. Amerine M.A., Winkler A.J. Composition and quality of must and wines of California grapes. Hilgardia 1944, 15:493-675.
6. Aurier P., Fatiha F., Sirieix L. Exploring terroir product meanings for the consumer. Anthropology of Food 2005, URL:. http://aof.revues.org/index187.html.
7. Ben-Asher J., Van Dam J., Feddes R.A., Jhorar R.K. Irrigation of grapevines with saline water II. Mathematical simulation of vine growth and yield. Agric. Water Manage. 2006, 83:22-29.
8. Bilbao Santos J., Casanova C.J. Curso de Energia Solar 1993, Universidad de Valladolid Libros, (ISBN 10: 8477623759; ISBN 13: 9788477623755).
9. Bodin F., Morlat R. Characterization of viticulture terroirs using a simple field model based on soil depth I. Validation of the water supply regime, phenology and vine vigour, in the Anjou vineyard (France). Plant Soil 2006, 281:37-54.
10. Bois B., Wald L., Pieri P., van Leeuwen C., Commagnac L., Chéry P., Christen M., Gaudillère J.-P., Saur E. Estimating spatial and temporal variation in solar radiation within Bordeaux winegrowing region using remotely sened data. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin. 2008, 42(1):15-25.
11. Bonfante A., Basile A., Buonanno M., Manna P., Terribile F. Un esempio metodologico di utilizzo della modellistica idrologica e delle procedure GIS nella zonazione viticola. Boll. Soc. Ital. Sci. Suolo (SISS) 2005, 54(1-2).
12. Bonfils P. Soils, mapping, stresses of mediterranean vinegrowing environment. Problems about the restructuration of the vineyard [France] Bulletin de l'Association Francaise pour l'Etude du Sol. Science du Sol (France) 1981, (2):109-123. (0335-1653).
13. Bouma J. The role of quantitative approaches in soil science when interacting with stakeholders. Geoderma 1997, 78:1-12.
14. Bouma J. Land evaluation for landscape units. Handbook of Soil Science 1999, E393-E412. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. M.E. Sumner (Ed.).
15. Bouma J. Hydropedology as a powerful tool for environmental policy research. Geoderma 2006, 131:275-286.
16. Bowen P.A., Bogdanoff C.P., Estengaard B.F., Marsh S.G., Usher K.B., Smith C.A.S., Frank G. Geology and wine: use of geographic information system technology to assess viticulture performance in the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys, British Columbia. Geosci. Can. 2005, 32(4).
17. Bramley R.G.V., Hamilton R.P. Terroir and precision viticulture: are they compatible?. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin. 2007, 41:1-8.
18. Bramley R.G.V., Lamb D.W. Making sense of vineyard variability in Australia. Centro de Agricultura de Precisión 2003, 35-54. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. R. Ortega, A. Esser (Eds.).
19. Bravdo B., Naor A. Effect of water regime on productivity and quality of fruit and wine. Acta Hort. 1996, 427. ISHS. S. Poni, E. Peterlunger, F. Iacono, C. Intrieri (Eds.).
20. Bravdo B., Hepner Y., Loinger C., Cohen S., Tabacman H. Effect of crop level and crop load on growth, yield, must and wine composition and quality of Cabernet Sauvignon. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1985, 36:125-131.
21. Bucelli P., Costantini E.A.C. Vite da vino e zonazione vitivinicole. Edizione Cantagalli, Collana di metodi analitici per l'agricoltura 2006, vol. 7. Ministero delle Politiche Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali.
22. Buttrose M.S. Fruitfulness in grapevine: effect of water stress. Vitis 1974, 12:299-305.
23. Carbonneau A., Casteran P. Irrigation-depressing effect on floral initiation of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in Bordeaux area. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1979, 30(1):3-7.
24. Carey, V.A., 2001. Spatial Characteristics of Natural Terroir Units for Viticulture in the Bottelaryberg-Simonsberg-Helderberg Winegrowing Area. MSc Agric thesis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch.
25. Carey V.A., Saayman D., Archer E., Barbeau G., Wallace M. Viticulture terroirs in Stellenbosch, South Africa. I. The identification of natural terroir units. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin. 2008, 42(4):169-183.
26. Carey V.A., Archer E., Barbeau G., Saayman D. Viticulture terroirs in Stellenbosch, South Africa. II. Spatialisation of viticulture and oenological potential for Cabernet-Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc by means of a preliminary model. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin. 2009, 43(1):1-12.
27. Celette F., Gaudin R., Gary C. Spatial and temporal changes to the water regime of a Mediterranean vineyard due to the adoption of cover cropping. Eur. J. Agron. 2008, 29:153-162.
28. Champagnol F. Caractéristiques édafiques et potentialités qualitatives des terroirs du vignoble languedocien. 1er colloque international "les terroirs viticoles" Angers 1997, 259-263. INRA, France.
29. Chone X., Van Leeuwen C., Chery P.H., Ribereaugayon P. Terroir influence on water status and nitrogen status of non irrigated Cabernet-Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera): vegetative development, must and wine composition. S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic. 2001, 22(1):8-15.
30. Chone X., van Leeuwen C., Dubourdieu D., Gaudillère J.P. Stem water potential is a sensitive indicator of grapevine water status. Ann. Bot. 2001, 87:477-483.
31. Conradie W.J., Carey V.A., Bonnardot V., Saayman D., van Schoor L.H. Effect of different environmental factors on the performance of Sauvignon blanc grapevines in the Stellenbosch/Durbanville districts of South Africa. I. Geology, soil, climate, phenology and grape composition. S. Afr. I. Enol. Vitic. 2002, 23(2):78-91.
32. Coombe B.G., McCarthy M.G. Dynamics of grape berry growth and physiology of ripening. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. 2000, 6:131-135.
33. Costantini E.A.C., Barbetti R. Environmental and visual impact analysis of viticulture and olive tree cultivation in the province of Siena (Italy). Eur. J. Agron. 2008, 28:412-426.
34. Costantini E.A.C., Lizio-Bruno F. I suoli del comprensorio vitivinicolo di Montepulciano. Le loro caratteristiche, gli ambienti, i caratteri funzionali per la produzione del Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. Giunta regionale. Vino Nobile di Montepulciano: zonazione e valorizzazione del territorio, Regione Toscana, Giunta regionale, Florence 1996, 47-74.
35. De Villiers F.S., Schmidt A., Theron J.C.D., Taljaard R. Onderverdeling van Wes-Kaapse wynbougebiede volgens bestaande klimaatskriteria. Wynbou Tegnies 1996, 78:10-12.
36. Delezir J., Guy M. Essai d'inventaire de la vigne par images Spot Obliques. Spot 1, utilisation des images, bilan, resultats, Paris, novembre 1987 1987, 327-331. CNES, Toulouse.
37. Deloire A., Vaudur E., Carey V., Bonnardot V., Van Leeuwen C. Grapevine responses to terroir: a global approach. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin. 2005, 39(4):149-162.
38. Droogers P. Estimating actual evapotranspiration using a detailed agro-hydrological model. J. Hydrol. 2000, 229(1-2):50-58.
39. Dry P.R., Loveys B.R. Factors influencing grapevine vigour and the potential for control with partial rootzone drying. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. 1998, 4:140-148.
40. Esteban M.A., Villanueva M.J., Lissarrague J.R. Effect of irrigation on changes in berry composition of Tempranillo during maturation. Sugars. organic acids. and mineral elements. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1999, 50:418-434.
41. Failla O., Mariani L., Bracadoro L., Minelli R., Scienza A., Murada G., Mancini S. Spatial distribution of solar radiation and its effect on vine phenology and grape ripening in an Alpine emvironment. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 2004, 55:128-138.
42. Feddes R.A., Kowalik P.J., Zaradny H. Simulation of field water use and crop yield. Simulation Monographs 1978, 189. Pudoc, Wageningen.
43. Freeman B.M., Kliewer W.M., Stern P. Influence of wind breaks and climatic region on diurnal fluctuation of leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and leaf temperatures of grapevines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1982, 33:233-236.
44. Fregoni M. Viticoltura di Qualità. Edizioni Informatore Agrario s.r.l.-Lungadige Galtarossa, 23/E-37133 Verona (IT) 1988.
45. Gaiotti F., Marcuzzo P., Battista F., Lovat L., Tomasi D. Storia del prosecco e del suo territorio di produzione: un percorso di studi in continuo progresso. Proceedings 2010, vol. 1. 1:22-30.
46. Gaudillère J.P., van Leeuwen C., Ollat N. Carbon isotope composition of sugars in grapevine, an integrated indicator of vineyard water status. J. Exp. Bot. 2002, 53(369):757-763.
47. Gladstones J., Smart R.E. Terroir. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 1997, 38:211-215. J. Robinson (Ed.).
48. Goulet E., Barbeau G. Contribution of soil electric resistivity measurements to the study of grapevine behaviour and spatial land distribution. Abstract in: South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture 2005, 26 (1):28.
49. Grayson R., Blöschl G. Spatial modelling of catchment dynamics. Spatial Patterns in Catchment Hydrology: Observations and Modelling 2000, 51-81. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. R. Grayson, G. Blöschl (Eds.).
50. Hanson J.D., Rojas K.W., Shaffer M.J. Calibration and evaluation of the Root ZoneWater Quality Model. Agron. J. 1999, 91:171-177.
51. Hellman E.W., Takow E.A., Tchakerian M.D., Coulson R.N. Texas terroir: GIS characterization of the texas high plains AVA. VIII International Terroir Congress, Proceedings 2010, vol. 1. Soave (VR) Italy.
52. Hepner Y., Bravdo B., Loinger C., Cohen S., Tabacman H. Effect of drip irrigation schedules on growth, yield, must and wine composition and quality of Cabernet Sauvignon. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1985, 36:77-85.
53. Huglin P., Schneider C. Biologie et Écologie de la vigne 1998, Lavoisier, Paris. 2nd ed.
54. Jackson R.D., Idso R.B., Reginato R.J., Pinter P.J. Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator. Water Resour. Res. 1981, 17:1133-1138.
55. Johnson L.F., Bosch D.F., Williams D.C., Lobitz B.M. Remote sensing of vineyard management zones: implications for wine quality. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2001, 17:557-560.
56. Kennedy J.A., Matthews M.A., Waterhouse A.L. Changes in grape seed polyphenols during fruit ripening. Phytochemistry 2000, 55:77-85.
57. Kontkanen D., Reynolds A.G., Cliff M.A., King M. Canadian terroir: sensory characterization of Bordeaux-style red wine varieties in the Niagara Peninsula. Food Res. Int. 2005, 38:417-425.
58. Kounduras S., Marinos V., Gkoulioti A., Kotseridis Y., van Leeuwen C. Influence of vineyard location and vine water status on fruit maturation of nonirrigated Cv. Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.). Effects on wine phenolic and aroma components. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54:5077-5086.
59. Kozak J.A., Liwang Ma, Ahuja L.R., Flerchinger G., Nielsen C.D. Evaluating various water stress calculations in RZWQM and RZ-SHAW for corn and soybean production. Agron. J. 2006, 98:1146-1155.
60. Kroes J.G., Wesseling J.G., Van Dam J.C. Integrated modelling of soil-water-atmosphere-plant system using the model SWAP 2.0 an overview of theory and an application. Hydrol. Process. 2000, 14.
61. Kutilek M., Nielsen D.R. Soil Hydrology. GeoEcology Textbook 1994, Catena-Verl., Cremlingen-Destedt.
62. Lascano R.J., Baumhardt R.L., Lipe W.N. Measurement of water flow in young grapevines using the stem heat balance method. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1992, 43:159-165.
63. Lebon E., Dumas V., Morlat R. Influence des facteurs natureles du terroir sur la maturation du raisin en Alsace. 1er colloque international "les terroirs viticoles" Angers 1997, 359-366. INRA, France.
64. Leenhardt D., Voltz M., Rambal S. A survey of several agroclimatic soil water balance models with reference to their spatial application. Eur. J. Agron. 1995, 4(1):1-14.
65. MacMillan R.A., Pettapiece W.W., Nolan S.C., Goddard T.W. Generic procedure for automatically segmenting landforms into landform elements using DEMS, heuristic rules and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 2000, 113:81-109.
66. Magalhães N.P. Tratado de Viticultura - A videira, a vinha e o "terroir" 2008, Chaves Ferreira Publicaç̃es, Lisboa.
67. Manna P., Basile A., Bonfante A., De Mascellis R., Terribile F. Comparative land evaluation approaches: an itinerary from FAO frame work to simulation modelling. Geoderma 2009, 150(3-4):367-378.
68. Martínez-Casasnovas J.A., Sánchez-Bosch I. Impact assessment of changes in land use/conservation practices on soil erosion in the Penedès-Anoia vineyard region (NE Spain). Soil Tillage Res. 2000, 57:101-106.
69. Martnez-Casasnovas J.A., Ramos M.C., Cots-Folch R. Influence of the EU CAP on terrain morphology and vineyard cultivation in the Priorat region of NE Spain. Land Use Policy 2010, 27:11-21.
70. Matthews M.A., Anderson M.M. Fruit ripening in Vitis vinifera L. response to seasonal water deficits. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 1988, 39:313-320.
71. Matthews M.A., Ishii R., Anderson M.M., O'Mahony M. Dependence of wine sensory attributes on vine water status. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1990, 51:321-335.
72. Miguel A., Bilbao J. Estudio de la irradiaciòn solar y càlculo teòrico de la irradiancia difusa en Burgos, IV Asamblea Nacional de Geodesia y Geofisica, Libro II 1981, Instituto Geogràfico Nacional, Zaragoza.
73. Minacapilli M., Agnese C., Blanda F., Cammalleri C., Ciraolo G., D'Urso G., Iovino M., Pumo D., Provenzano G., Rallo G. Estimation of Mediterranean crops evapotranspiration by means of remote sensing based models. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. 2009, 6:1-38.
74. Morlat R. Les relations entre le terroir, la vigne et le vin Compte Rendu de l'Académie d'Agricolture de France 1998, 19-32.
75. Mualem Y. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resour. Res. 1976, 12(3):513-522.
76. Ojeda H., Kraeva E., Deloire A., Carbonneau A., Andary C. Influence of pre and post-veraison water deficits on synthesis and concentration of skins phenolic compounds during berry growth of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 2002, 53:261-267.
77. Paneque G., Roca M., Espino C., Pardo C., Aldecoa J., Paneque P. The 'albarizas' and the viticultural zoning of Jerez-Xérès-Sherry and Manzanilla- Sanlúcar de Barrameda registered apellations of origin (Cadiz, Spain). Proc. 3° Simp. Int. Zonificación vitivinícola, May 2000, Tenerife (Spain) 2002, CD-ROM. V. Sotés (Ed.).
78. Peyrot des Gachons C., Van Leeuwen C., Tominaga T., Soyer G.-P., Gaudillere J.-P., Dubourdieu D. Influence of water and nitrogen deficit on fruit ripening and aroma potential of Vitis vinifera L cv Sauvignon blanc in field conditions. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2005, 85:73-85.
79. Ramos M.C., Cots-Folch R., Martínez-Casasnovas J.A. Effects of land terracing on soil properties in the Priorat region in Northeastern Spain: a multivariate analysis. Geoderma 2007, 142:251-261.
80. Reginato R.J., Howe J. Irrigation scheduling using crop indicators. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 1985, 111(2):125-133.
81. Renouil Y., de Traversay P. Dictionnaire due Vin 1962, Fe' ret et Fils, Bordeaux.
82. RESOLUTION OIV/VITI 333/2010 Definition of vitivinicultural "Terroir". The General Director of the OIV, General assembly Tbilisi (Georgia) 25th June 2010 2010, 1.
83. Roux, F.A., 2005. Die Invloed van Spesifieke Grond en Klimaats Parameters op Wingerdprestasie, Wynkwaliteit en Karakter. MSc Agric thesis. Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch.
84. Saayman D. The effect of soil and climate on wine quality. Proc. International Symposium on the Quality of the Vintage, Feb 1977, Cape Town, South Africa 1977, 197-208.
85. Saayman D., Kleynhans P.H. The effect of soil type on wine quality. Proc. SASEV, Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa 1978, 105-119.
86. Scaglione G., Pasquarella C., Federico R., Bonfante A., Terribile F. A multidisciplinary approach to grapevine zoning using GIS technology: an example of thermal data elaboration. VITIS J. Grapevine Res. 2008, 47(2):131-132.
87. Schultz H.R. Water relations and photosynthetic responses of two grapevine cultivars of different geographical origin during water stress. Acta Hortic. 1996, 427:251-266.
88. Schultz H.R., Matthews M.A. Growth, osmotic adjustment, and cell-wall mechanics of expanding grape leaves during water deficits. Crop. Sci. 1993, 33(2):287-294.
89. Schwarz R. Predicting wine quality from terrain characteristics by regression trees. Cybergeo 1997, 35:8.
90. Sotés V., Gomez-Miguel V. Criterios de diferenciación y delimitación de comarcas y regiones vitivinícolas. Examen de los factores naturales y humanos que concurren. Vitivinicultura 1992, 5:29-39.
91. Sotés V., Gomez-Miguel V. Caracterización de áreas vitivinícolas: zonificación. Memorias del I Seminario Internacional de Vitivinicultura, Ensenada, B.C. Mexico 2003.
92. Sotés V., Gómez-Sanchez P., Laya H., Gómez-Miguel V. Cuantificación de las variables implicadas en la delimitación y caracterización de zonas vitícolas en la D.O Ribera del Duero. 7th GESCO, 21-23 July 1994, Valladolid, Spain 1994, 248-256.
93. Spayd S.E., Tarara J.M., Mee D.L., Ferguson J.C. Separation of sunlight and temperature effects on the composition of Vitis vinifera cv. merlot berries. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 2002, 53(3):171-182.
94. Sudar R.A., Saxton K.E., Spomer R.G. A predictive model of water stress in corn and soybeans. Trans. ASAE 1981, 24:97-102.
95. Taylor S.A., Ashcroft G.M. Physical Edaphology 1972, 434-435. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, California.
96. Terribile F., di Gennaro A., Coraggio S., De Mascellis R., Ferruzzi T., Laruccia N., Magliulo P., Rivieccio R., Sarnataro M., Vingiani S. Carta dei suoli della Valle Telesina (1:50,000). Raccolta di 10 Carte Pedologiche della Regione Campania 1996, Assessorato all'Agricoltura, Settore Sirca, Regione Campania, Stampa System Cart di Roma.
97. Tesic D., Woolley D.J., Hewett E.W., Martin D.J. Environmental effects on cv Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. 2. Development of a site index. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res. 2001, 8:27-35.
98. Tisseyre B., Ojeda H., Carillo N., Deis L., Heywang M. Precision viticolture and water status: mapping the predawn water potential to define within vineyard zones. Information and technology for sustainable fruit and vegetable production. Montpellier (France) Frutic 2005, 05:12-16.
99. Tregoat O., Van Leeuwen C., Choné X., Gaudillère J.P. The assessment of vine water and nitrogen uptake conditions by means of physiological indicators. Influence on vine development and berry potential. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin. 2002, 36:133-142.
100. Turri S., Intrieri C. Mappe isotermiche ed insediamenti viticoli in Emilia-Romagna. Atti Conv Intern. A. Scienza and O. Failla. S. Maria d. Versa/Broni 1991, 137-153. Logos Intern. Editore, Pavia (IT).
101. Urbano, F., 1999. Rapporto tra capacita' rigenerativa della vegetazione e insolazione in ambienti mediterranei semi aridi. Politecnico di Milano, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Corso di laurea in Ingegneria Ambiente e Territorio. Degree thesis.
102. van Dam J.C., Huygen J., Wesseling J.G., Feddes R.A., Kabat P., van Walsum P., Groenendijk P., van Diepen C.A. Theory of SWAP version 2.0. Report 71 1997, Dpt. of Water Resources, WAU, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
103. van Genuchten M.Th. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1980, 44:892-898.
104. Van Leeuwen C., Seguin G. Incidence de la nature du sol et du cépage sur la maturation du raisin, à Saint emilion, en 1995. 1er colloque international "les terroirs viticoles" Angers 1997, 154-157. INRA, France.
105. van Leeuwen C., Friant P.H., Chone X., Tregoat O., Koundouras S., Dubourdieu D. The influences of climate, soil and cultivar on terroir. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 2004, 55(3):207-217.
106. van Leeuwen C., Bois B., De Resseguier L., Pernet D., Roby J.P. New methods and technologies to describe the environment in terroir studies. VIII International Terroir Congress, Proceedings 2010, vol. 1. Soave (VR) Italy.
107. Vaudour, E., 2001. Les terroirs viticoles. Analyse spatiale et relation avec la qualité du raisin. Application au vignoble AOC des CÔtes-du-RhÔne méridionales. Thèse de doctorat, Istitut national agronomique Paris-Grignon, Paris, 2001.
108. Vaudour E. Les terroirs viticoles Definitions, caractérisation et protection 2003, Dunod, Paris.
109. Vaudour E., Shaw A.B. A worldwide perspective on viticultural zoning. S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic. 2005, 26(2):2005.
110. Wilson J.E. Terroir: The Role of Geology, Climate and Culture in the Making of French Wines 1998, TheWine Appreciation Guild, San Francisco.
111. Winkler A.J. General Viticulture 1962, University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 663.
112. Wösten J.H.M., Lilly A., Nemes A., Le Bas C. Using existing soil data to derive hydraulic properties for simulation models in environmental studies and in land use planning. Report 156 1998, Winand Staring Centre, The Netherlands.