Facial expression recognition based on local binary patterns and kernel discriminant isomap

Sensors

Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 9573-9588

  Zhao, Xiaoming ^a   Zhang, Shiqing ^a  

^a TAIZHOU UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Dimensionality reduction; Facial expression recognition; Isometric mapping; Kernel; Local binary patterns

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; AUTOMATED PATTERN RECOGNITION; DATA BASE; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MULTIFACTOR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION;

ALGORITHMS; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; DATABASES AS TOPIC; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MULTIFACTOR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; PATTERN RECOGNITION, AUTOMATED;

EID: 80055021004     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s111009573     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Cowie, R.; Douglas-Cowie, E.; Tsapatsoulis, N.; Votsis, G.; Kollias, S.; Fellenz, W.; Taylor, J.G. Emotion recognition in human-computer interaction. IEEE Signal Proc. Mag. 2001, 18, 32-80.
2. Tian, Y.; Kanade, T.; Cohn, J. Facial expression analysis. In Handbook of Face Recognition; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2005; pp. 247-275.
3. Viola, P.; Jones, M. Robust real-time face detection. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 2004, 57, 137-154.
4. Turk, M.A.; Pentland, A.P. Face recognition using eigenfaces. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Maui, HI, USA, 3-6 June 1991; pp. 586-591.
5. Belhumeur, P.N.; Hespanha, J.P.; Kriegman, D.J. Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 1997, 19, 711-720.
6. Daugman, J.G. Complete discrete 2-d gabor transforms by neural networks for image analysis and compression. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 1988, 36, 1169-1179.
7. Shen, L.; Bai, L. A review on gabor wavelets for face recognition. Pattern Anal. Appl. 2006, 9, 273-292.
8. Shen, L.; Bai, L.; Fairhurst, M. Gabor wavelets and general discriminant analysis for face identification and verification. Image Vis. Comput. 2007, 25, 553-563.
9. Lyons, M.J.; Budynek, J.; Akamatsu, S. Automatic classification of single facial images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 1999, 21, 1357-1362.
10. Ojala, T.; Pietikäinen, M.; Mäenpää, T. Multiresolution gray scale and rotation invariant texture analysis with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 2002, 24, 971-987.
11. Shan, C.; Gong, S.; McOwan, P. Robust facial expression recognition using local binary patterns. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Genoa, Italy, 11-14 September 2005; pp. 370-373.
12. Shan, C.; Gong, S.; McOwan, P. Facial expression recognition based on local binary patterns: A comprehensive study. Image Vis. Comput. 2009, 27, 803-816.
13. Moore, S.; Bowden, R. Local binary patterns for multi-view facial expression recognition. Comput. Vis. Image. Und. 2011, 115, 541-558.
14. Tian, Y.; Kanade, T.; Cohn, J. Recognizing action units for facial expression analysis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 2002, 23, 97-115.
15. Kotsia, I.; Pitas, I. Facial expression recognition in image sequences using geometric deformation features and support vector machines. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 2007, 16, 172-187.
16. Donato, G.; Bartlett, M.; Hager, J.; Ekman, P.; Sejnowski, T. Classifying facial actions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 1999, 21, 974-989.
17. Pantic, M.; Patras, I. Dynamics of facial expression: Recognition of facial actions and their temporal segments from face profile image sequences. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybern. Part B 2006, 36, 433-449.
18. Cohen, I.; Sebe, N.; Garg, A.; Chen, L.S.; Huang, T.S. Facial expression recognition from video sequences: Temporal and static modeling. Comput. Vis. Image. Und. 2003, 91, 160-187.
19. Roweis, S.T.; Saul, L.K. Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding. Science 2000, 290, 2323-2326.
20. Tenenbaum, J.B.; Silva, V.D.; Langford, J.C. A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Science 2000, 290, 2319-2323.
21. Chang, Y.; Hu, C.; Feris, R.; Turk, M. Manifold based analysis of facial expression. Image Vis. Comput. 2006, 24, 605-614.
22. Cheon, Y.; Kim, D. Natural facial expression recognition using differential-aam and manifold learning. Pattern Recogn. 2009, 42, 1340-1350.
23. Choi, H.; Choi, S. Robust kernel isomap. Pattern Recogn. 2007, 40, 853-862.
24. Scholkopf, B.; Smola, A.; Muller, K. Nonlinear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue problem. Neural Comput. 1998, 10, 1299-1319.
25. Ham, J.; Lee, D.; Mika, S.; Scholkopf, B. A kernel view of the dimensionality reduction of manifolds. In Proceedings of Twenty-First International Conference on Machine Learning, Banff, AB, Canada, 4-8 July 2004; pp. 369-376.
26. Kanade, T.; Tian, Y.; Cohn, J. Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Grenoble, France, 26-30 March 2000; pp. 46-53.
27. Campadelli, P.; Lanzarotti, R.; Lipori, G.; Salvi, E. Face and facial feature localization. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, Cagliari, Italy, 6-8 September 2005; pp. 1002-1009.
28. Ahonen, T.; Hadid, A.; Pietikainen, M. Face description with local binary patterns: Application to face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 2006, 28, 2037-2041.
29. Baudat, G.; Anouar, F. Generalized discriminant analysis using a kernel approach. Neural Comput. 2000, 12, 2385-2404.