Photovoltaic performance of ultrasmall PbSe quantum dots

ACS Nano

Volumn 5, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 8140-8147

  Ma, Wanli ^a   Swisher, Sarah L ^b   Ewers, Trevor ^a   Engel, Jesse ^c   Ferry, Vivian E ^d   Atwater, Harry A ^d   Alivisatos, A Paul ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   (United States)

^d California Institute of Technology   (United States)

^e LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

PbSe; photovoltaic; quantum dot; quantum size effect; solar cell

Indexed keywords

CAVITY MODE; COHERENT INTERFERENCE; COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; DEVICE ARCHITECTURES; DEVICE EFFICIENCY; EXCITON ENERGIES; EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; NANOCRYSTAL SIZES; NANOPARTICLE DIAMETER; NANOPARTICLE SIZES; OPTICAL MODELS; OVERALL EFFICIENCY; PBSE; PBSE NANOCRYSTALS; PEAK PERFORMANCE; PHOTOVOLTAIC; PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE; QUANTUM SIZE EFFECTS; QUANTUM-DOT SIZE; SCHOTTKY; SYNTHESIS METHOD; ULTRA-SMALL;

NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECTS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; SOLAR POWER GENERATION;

QUANTUM EFFICIENCY;

EID: 80054982209     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn202786g     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Tang, J.; Sargent, E. H. Infrared Colloidal Quantum Dots for Photovoltaics: Fundamentals and Recent Progress Adv. Mater. 2010, 23, 12-29
2. Wise, F. Lead Salt Quantum Dots: The Limit of Strong Quantum Confinement Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 773-780
3. Kang, I.; Wise, F. W. Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of PbS and PbSe Quantum Dots J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 1997, 14, 1632-1646
4. Murray, C. B.; Sun, S.; Gaschler, W.; Doyle, H.; Betley, T. A.; Kagan, C. R. Colloidal Synthesis of Nanocrystals and Nanocrystal Superlattices IBM J. Res. Dev. 2001, 45, 47-56 (Pubitemid 32419455)
5. Luther, J. M.; Law, M.; Beard, M. C.; Song, Q.; Reese, M. O.; Ellingson, R. J.; Nozik, A. J. Schottky Solar Cells Based on Colloidal Nanocrystal Films Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 3488-3492
6. Johnston, K. W.; Pattantyus-Abraham, A. G.; Clifford, J. P.; Myrskog, S. H.; Macneil, D. D.; Levina, L; Sargent, E. H. Schottky-Quantum Dot Photovoltaics for Efficient Infrared Power Conversion Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 151115
7. Sun, B.; Findikoglu, A. T.; Sykora, M.; Werder, D. J.; Klimov, V. I. Hybrid Photovoltaics Based on Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Amorphous Silicon Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1235-1241
8. Luther, J.; Law, M.; Song, Q.; Perkins, C.; Beard, M.; Nozik, A. Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Self-Assembled Films of PbSe Nanocrystals Treated with 1, 2-Ethanedithiol ACS Nano 2008, 2, 271-280 (Pubitemid 351585942)
9. Tang, J.; Brzozowski, L.; Barkhouse, D.; Wang, X.; Debnath, R.; Wolowiec, R.; Palmiano, E.; Levina, L.; Pattantyus-Abraham, A.; Jamakosmanovic, D. et al. Quantum Dot Photovoltaics in the Extreme Quantum Confinement Regime: The Surface-Chemical Origins of Exceptional Air-and Light-Stability ACS Nano 2010, 4, 869-878
10. Pattantyus-Abraham, A.; Kramer, I.; Barkhouse, A.; Wang, X.; Konstantatos, G.; Debnath, R.; Levina, L.; Raabe, I.; Nazeeruddin, M.; Grätzel, M. et al. Depleted-Heterojunction Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells ACS Nano 2010, 4, 3374-3380
11. Luther, J.; Gao, J.; Lloyd, M.; Semonin, O.; Beard, M.; Nozik, A. Stability Assessment on a 3% Bilayer PbS/ZnO Quantum Dot Heterojunction Solar Cell Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 3704-3707
12. Zarghami, M. H.; Liu, Y.; Gibbs, M.; Gebremichael, E.; Webster, C.; Law, M. P-Type PbSe and PbS Quantum Dot Solids Prepared with Short-Chain Acids and Diacids ACS Nano 2010, 4, 2475-2485
13. 1- X Nanocrystals Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1699-1703
14. Choi, J. J.; Lim, Y. F.; Santiago-Berrios, M. B.; Oh, M; Hyun, B. R.; Sung, L. F.; Bartnik, A. C.; Goedhart, A.; Malliaras, G. G.; Abruna, H. D. et al. PbSe Nanocrystal Excitonic Solar Cells Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 3749-3755
15. Nair, G.; Chang, L.-Y.; Geyer, S. M.; Bawendi, M. G. Perspective on the Prospects of a Carrier Multiplication Nanocrystal Solar Cell Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 2145-2151
16. Hines, M. A.; Scholes, G. D. Colloidal PbS Nanocrystals with Size-Tunable Near-Infrared Emission: Observation of Post-Synthesis Self-Narrowing of the Particle Size Distribution Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1844-1849
17. Evans, C.; Guo, L.; Peterson, J.; Maccagnano-Zacher, S.; Krauss, T. Ultrabright PbSe Magic-Sized Clusters Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2896-2899
18. Peng, X.; Wickham, J.; Alivisatos, A. Kinetics of II-VI and III-V Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystal Growth:"Focusing" of Size Distributions J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5343-5344 (Pubitemid 28328909)
19. An alternative approach would be to separate the nucleation and growth phases by employing an intermediate species, as shown by Kovalenko et al. (20) to achieve PbSe quantum dots as small as 3.9 nm in diameter.
20. Kovalenko, M. V.; Talapin, D. V.; Loi, M. A.; Cordella, F; Hesser, G; Bodnarchuk, M. I.; Heiss, W. Quasi-Seeded Growth of Ligand-Tailored PbSe Nanocrystals through Cation-Exchange-Mediated Nucleation Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3029-3033
21. Yu, W.; Peng, X. Formation of High-Quality Cds and Other II-VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals in Noncoordinating Solvents: Tunable Reactivity of Monomers Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, 2474-2477
22. Dai, Q.; Wang, Y.; Li, X.; Zhang, Y.; Pellegrino, D. J.; Zhao, M; Zou, B.; Seo, J. T.; Wang, Y.; Yu, W. W. Size-Dependent Composition and Molar Extinction Coefficient of PbSe Semiconductor Nanocrystals ACS Nano 2009, 3, 1518-1524
23. Du, H.; Chen, C.; Krishnan, R.; Krauss, T.; Harbold, J.; Wise, F.; Thomas, M.; Silcox, J. Optical Properties of Colloidal PbSe Nanocrystals Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 1321-1324 (Pubitemid 135706519)
24. Yu, W.; Falkner, J.; Shih, B.; Colvin, V. Preparation and Characterization of Monodisperse PbSe Semiconductor Nanocrystals in a Noncoordinating Solvent Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 3318-3322
25. Wehrenberg, B.; Wang, C.; Guyot-Sionnest, P. Interband and Intraband Optical Studies of PbSe Colloidal Quantum Dots J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 10634-10640 (Pubitemid 35420901)
26. 1- X Core- Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots and Their Applications J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 25356-25365 (Pubitemid 46196842)
27. Leitsmann, R.; Bechstedt, F. Characteristic Energies and Shifts in Optical Spectra of Colloidal IV-VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals ACS Nano 2009, 3, 3505-3512
28. Warner, J. H.; Thomsen, E.; Watt, A. R.; Heckenberg, N. R.; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Ligand-Capped PbS Nanocrystals Nanotechnology 2005, 16, 175-179 (Pubitemid 40274842)
29. Acharya, S.; Gautam, U. K.; Sasaki, T.; Bando, Y.; Golan, Y.; Ariga, K. Ultra-Narrow PbS Nanorods with Intense Fluorescence J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 4594-4595 (Pubitemid 351500090)
30. FernÈe, M. J.; Thomsen, E.; Jensen, P.; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H. Highly Efficient Luminescence from a Hybrid State Found in Strongly Quantum Confined PbS Nanocrystals Nanotechnology 2006, 17, 956-962 (Pubitemid 43190489)
31. Efros, A. L.; Rosen, M. The Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 2000, 30, 475-521
32. An, J.; Franceschetti, A.; Zunger, A. The Excitonic Exchange Splitting and Radiative Lifetime in PbSe Quantum Dots Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2129-2135 (Pubitemid 47197603)
33. Liu, Y.; Gibbs, M.; Puthussery, J.; Gaik, S.; Ihly, R.; Hillhouse, H. W.; Law, M. Dependence of Carrier Mobility on Nanocrystal Size and Ligand Length in PbSe Nanocrystal Solids Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1960-1969
34. Johnston, K. W.; Pattantyus-Abraham, A. G.; Clifford, J. P.; Myrskog, S. H.; Hoogland, S; Shukla, H; Klem, E. J. D.; Levina, L; Sargent, E. H. Efficient Schottky-Quantum-Dot Photovoltaics: The Roles of Depletion, Drift, and Diffusion Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 122111
35. Forouhi, A.; Bloomer, I.Optical Dispersion Relations for Amorphous Semiconductors and Amorphous Dielectrics Phys. Rev. B 1986, 34, 7018-7026
36. Law, M.; Beard, M. C.; Choi, S.; Luther, J. M.; Hanna, M. C.; Nozik, A. J. Determining the Internal Quantum Efficiency of PbSe Nanocrystal Solar Cells with the Aid of an Optical Model Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 3904-3910
37. Palik, E. D. Handbook of Optical Constants 1984, 1, 1297-1297
38. Rakic, A. D.; Djurišic, A. B.; Elazar, J. M.; Majewski, M. L. Optical Properties of Metallic Films for Vertical-Cavity Optoelectronic Devices Appl. Opt. 1998, 37, 5271-5283 (Pubitemid 128666915)
39. Beard, M. C.; Midgett, A. G.; Hanna, M. C.; Luther, J. M.; Hughes, B. K.; Nozik, A. J. Comparing Multiple Exciton Generation in Quantum Dots to Impact Ionization in Bulk Semiconductors: Implications for Enhancement of Solar Energy Conversion Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3019-3027
40. Nootz, G.; Padilha, L. A.; Levina, L.; Sukhovatkin, V.; Webster, S.; Brzozowski, L.; Sargent, E. H.; Hagan, D. J.; Van Stryland, E. W. Size Dependence of Carrier Dynamics and Carrier Multiplication in PbS Quantum Dots Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83, 155302