메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 2239-2252

The clinical effectiveness of CBT-based guided self-help interventions for anxiety and depressive disorders: A systematic review

Author keywords

CBT; clinical practice; effectiveness; review; self help

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; SELF CARE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 80054941520     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711000900     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (95)

References (63)
  • 7
    • 70449412478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet-based treatment for social phobia: A randomized controlled trial
    • Berger T, Hohl E, Caspar F (2009). Internet-based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology 65, 1021-1035.
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 1021-1035
    • Berger, T.1    Hohl, E.2    Caspar, F.3
  • 8
    • 42649106506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone helpline support
    • DOI 10.1002/cpp.562
    • Bilich LL, Deane F, Phipps AB, Barisic M, Gould G (2008). Effectiveness of bibliotherapy self-help for depression with varying levels of telephone hotline support. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 15, 61-74. (Pubitemid 351597211)
    • (2008) Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 61-74
    • Bilich, L.L.1    Deane, F.P.2    Phipps, A.B.3    Barisic, M.4    Gould, G.5
  • 10
    • 0003718961 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of depressive symptoms with the CES-D
    • Noordelijk Centrum voor Gezondheidsvraagstukken, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen: Groningen
    • Bouma J, Ranchor AV, Sanderman R, van Sonderen E (1995). Assessment of Depressive Symptoms with the CES-D. Manual [in Dutch]. Noordelijk Centrum voor Gezondheidsvraagstukken, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen: Groningen.
    • (1995) Manual [In Dutch]
    • Bouma, J.1    Ranchor, A.V.2    Sanderman, R.3    Van Sonderen, E.4
  • 11
    • 11244323452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stepped care in psychological therapies: Access, effectiveness and efficiency. Narrative literature review
    • DOI 10.1192/bjp.186.1.11
    • Bower P, Gilbody S (2005). Stepped care in psychological therapies: access, effectiveness and efficiency: narrative literature review. British Journal of Psychiatry 186, 11-17. (Pubitemid 40070538)
    • (2005) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.186 , Issue.JAN. , pp. 11-17
    • Bower, P.1    Gilbody, S.2
  • 12
    • 0034798203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical and cost-effectiveness of self-help treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care: A systematic review
    • Bower P, Richards D, Lovell K (2001). The clinical and cost-effectiveness of self-help treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care: a systematic review. British Journal of General Practice 51, 838-845. (Pubitemid 32958623)
    • (2001) British Journal of General Practice , vol.51 , Issue.471 , pp. 838-845
    • Bower, P.1    Richards, D.2    Lovell, K.3
  • 13
    • 33846297670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote treatment of panic disorder: A randomized trial of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy supplemented with telephone calls
    • DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.12.2119
    • Carlbring P, Bohman S, Brunt S, Buhrman M, Westling BE, Ekselius L, Andersson G (2006). Remote treatment of panic disorder: a randomized trial of internet-based cognitive therapy supplemented with telephone calls. American Journal of Psychiatry 163, 2119-2125. (Pubitemid 46114232)
    • (2006) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.163 , Issue.12 , pp. 2119-2125
    • Carlbring, P.1    Bohman, S.2    Brunt, S.3    Buhrman, M.4    Westling, B.E.5    Ekselius, L.6    Andersson, G.7
  • 14
    • 0043166464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of panic disorder via the Internet: A randomized trial of CBT vs. applied relaxation
    • DOI 10.1016/S0005-7916(03)00026-0
    • Carlbring P, Ekselius L, Andersson G (2003). Treatment of panic disorder via the internet: a randomized trial of CBT vs. applied relaxation. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 34, 129-140. (Pubitemid 36937117)
    • (2003) Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-140
    • Carlbring, P.1    Ekselius, L.2    Andersson, G.3
  • 16
    • 0035733712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of panic disorder via the Internet: A randomized trial of a self-help program
    • Carlbring P, Westling PE, Ljungstrand P, Ekselius L, Andersson G (2001). Treatment of panic disorder via the internet: a randomized trial of a self-help program. Behavior Therapy 32, 751-764. (Pubitemid 34326715)
    • (2001) Behavior Therapy , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 751-764
    • Carlbring, P.1    Westling, B.E.2    Ljungstrand, P.3    Ekselius, L.4    Andersson, G.5
  • 17
    • 0842265438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delivering interventions for depression using the internet: Randomised controlled trial
    • Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Jorm AF (2004). Delivering interventions for depression using the internet: randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal 328, 265-267.
    • (2004) British Medical Journal , vol.328 , pp. 265-267
    • Christensen, H.1    Griffiths, K.M.2    Jorm, A.F.3
  • 18
    • 34247131796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online randomized controlled trial of brief and full cognitive behaviour therapy for depression
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291706008695, PII S0033291706008695
    • Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Mackinnon AJ, Brittliffe K (2006). Online randomized controlled trial of brief and full cognitive behavioural therapy for depression. Psychological Medicine 36, 1737-1746. (Pubitemid 44824735)
    • (2006) Psychological Medicine , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 1737-1746
    • Christensen, H.1    Griffiths, K.M.2    Mackinnon, A.J.3    Brittliffe, K.4
  • 19
    • 0035759875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of controlled trials of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of brief psychological treatments for depression
    • Churchill R, Hunot V, Corney R, Knapp M, McGuire H, Tylee A, Wessely S (2002). A systematic review of controlled trials of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of brief psychological treatments for depression. Health Technology Assessment 5, 1-173.
    • (2002) Health Technology Assessment , vol.5 , pp. 1-173
    • Churchill, R.1    Hunot, V.2    Corney, R.3    Knapp, M.4    McGuire, H.5    Tylee, A.6    Wessely, S.7
  • 22
    • 4444295581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is self-help neglected in the treatment of emotional disorders? A meta analysis
    • DOI 10.1017/S003329170300179X
    • den Boer PCAM, Wiersma D, van den Bosch RJ (2004). Why is self-help neglected in the treatment of emotional disorders? A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine 34, 959-971. (Pubitemid 39199966)
    • (2004) Psychological Medicine , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 959-971
    • Den Boer, P.C.A.M.1    Wiersma, D.2    Van Den Bosch, R.J.3
  • 24
    • 21244479340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation into the effectiveness of bibliotherapy and minimal contact interventions in the treatment of panic attacks
    • DOI 10.1002/jclp.20097
    • Febbraro GAR (2005). An investigation into the effectiveness of bibliotherapy and minimal contact interventions in the treatment of panic attacks. Journal of Clinical Psychology 61, 763-779. (Pubitemid 40896509)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 763-779
    • Febbraro, G.A.R.1
  • 26
    • 34547839595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes self-help interventions effective in the management of depressive symptoms? Meta-analysis and meta-regression
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291707000062, PII S0033291707000062
    • Gellatly J, Bower P, Hennessy S, Richards D, Gilbody S, Lovell K (2007). What makes self-help interventions effective in the management of depressive symptoms? Meta-analysis and meta-regression. Psychological Medicine 37, 1217-1228. (Pubitemid 47244852)
    • (2007) Psychological Medicine , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1217-1228
    • Gellatly, J.1    Bower, P.2    Hennessy, S.3    Richards, D.4    Gilbody, S.5    Lovell, K.6
  • 28
    • 0029116260 scopus 로고
    • Self-help plus minimal therapist contact in the treatment of panic disorder: A replication and extension
    • Gould RA, Clum GA (1995). Self-help plus minimal therapist contact in the treatment of panic disorder: a replication and extension. Behavior Therapy 26, 533-546.
    • (1995) Behavior Therapy , vol.26 , pp. 533-546
    • Gould, R.A.1    Clum, G.A.2
  • 31
    • 34548770544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guided self-help in primary care mental health: Meta-synthesis of qualitative studies of patient experience
    • DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.032011
    • Khan N, Bower P, Rogers A (2007). Guided self-help in primary care mental health: meta-synthesis of qualitative studies of patient experience. British Journal of Psychiatry 191, 206-211. (Pubitemid 47435049)
    • (2007) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.191 , Issue.9 , pp. 206-211
    • Khan, N.1    Bower, P.2    Rogers, A.3
  • 32
    • 0032904392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assisted bibliotherapy: Effective, efficient treatment for moderate anxiety problems
    • Kupshik G, Fisher C (1999). Assisted bibliotherapy : effective, efficient treatment for moderate anxiety problems. British Journal of General Practice 49, 47-48. (Pubitemid 29027503)
    • (1999) British Journal of General Practice , vol.49 , Issue.438 , pp. 47-48
    • Kupshik, G.A.1    Fisher, C.R.2
  • 33
    • 57649235202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing guided self-help for depression using the Medical Research Council complex interventions framework: A description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial
    • Lovell K, Bower P, Richards D, Barkham M, Sibbald B, Roberts C, Davies L, Rogers A, Gellatly J, Hennessy S (2008). Developing guided self-help for depression using the Medical Research Council complex interventions framework: a description of the modelling phase and results of an exploratory randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 8, 91.
    • (2008) BMC Psychiatry , vol.8 , pp. 91
    • Lovell, K.1    Bower, P.2    Richards, D.3    Barkham, M.4    Sibbald, B.5    Roberts, C.6    Davies, L.7    Rogers, A.8    Gellatly, J.9    Hennessy, S.10
  • 35
    • 33750590360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telephone administered cognitive behaviour therapy for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
    • Lovell K, Cox D, Haddock D, Jones C, Raines D, Garvey R, Roberts C, Hadley S (2006). Telephone administered cognitive behaviour therapy for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. British Medical Journal 333, 883-887.
    • (2006) British Medical Journal , vol.333 , pp. 883-887
    • Lovell, K.1    Cox, D.2    Haddock, D.3    Jones, C.4    Raines, D.5    Garvey, R.6    Roberts, C.7    Hadley, S.8
  • 37
    • 67649199237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive behaviour therapy self-help: Who does it help and what are its drawbacks?
    • MacLeod M, Martinez R, Williams C (2009). Cognitive behaviour therapy self-help: who does it help and what are its drawbacks? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 37, 61-72.
    • (2009) Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , vol.37 , pp. 61-72
    • MacLeod, M.1    Martinez, R.2    Williams, C.3
  • 38
    • 0942287810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saving clinicians' time by delegating routine aspects of therapy to a computer: A randomized controlled trial in phobia/panic disorder
    • Marks IM, Kenwright M, McDonough M, Whittaker M, Mataix-Cols D (2004). Saving clinicians' time by delegating routine aspects of therapy to a computer: a randomized controlled trial in phobia/panic disorder. Psychological Medicine 34, 9-18.
    • (2004) Psychological Medicine , vol.34 , pp. 9-18
    • Marks, I.M.1    Kenwright, M.2    McDonough, M.3    Whittaker, M.4    Mataix-Cols, D.5
  • 39
    • 44949194870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy and behavioural therapy (self-help) for anxiety disorders in adults
    • Art. No. CD005330
    • Mayo-Wilson E, Montgomery P (2007). Media-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy and behavioural therapy (self-help) for anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 1, Art. No. CD005330.
    • (2007) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. , Issue.1
    • Mayo-Wilson, E.1    Montgomery, P.2
  • 40
    • 27244455537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: A randomized controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1017/S003329170500560X, PII S003329170500560X
    • Mead N, MacDonald W, Bower P, Lovell K, Richards D, Roberts C, Bucknall A (2005). The clinical effectiveness of guided self-help versus waiting-list control in the management of anxiety and depression: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine 35, 1633-1643. (Pubitemid 41520073)
    • (2005) Psychological Medicine , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 1633-1643
    • Mead, N.1    MacDonald, W.2    Bower, P.3    Lovell, K.4    Richards, D.5    Roberts, C.6    Bucknall, A.7
  • 41
    • 52649165161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-help interventions for depressive disorders and depressive symptoms: A systematic review
    • Morgan AJ, Jorm AF (2008). Self-help interventions for depressive disorders and depressive symptoms: a systematic review. Annals of General Psychiatry 7, 13.
    • (2008) Annals of General Psychiatry , vol.7 , pp. 13
    • Morgan, A.J.1    Jorm, A.F.2
  • 42
    • 0037371081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-help and minimal-contact therapies for anxiety disorders: Is human contact necessary for therapeutic efficacy?
    • DOI 10.1002/jclp.10128
    • Newman M, Erickson T, Przeworski A, Dzus E (2003). Self-help and minimal-contact therapies for anxiety disorders: is human contact necessary for therapeutic efficacy? Journal of Clinical Psychology 59, 251-274. (Pubitemid 36255313)
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-274
    • Newman, M.G.1    Erickson, T.2    Przeworski, A.3    Dzus, E.4
  • 43
    • 33846494402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression: Management of depression in primary and secondary care-NICE guidance
    • NICE National Institute for Clinical Excellence: London
    • NICE (2004). Depression: management of depression in primary and secondary care-NICE guidance. Clinical guidelines CG23. National Institute for Clinical Excellence: London.
    • (2004) Clinical Guidelines CG23
  • 44
    • 34547107644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety: Management of anxiety (panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder) in adults in primary, secondary and community care
    • NICE
    • NICE (2007). Anxiety: management of anxiety (panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder) in adults in primary, secondary and community care. Clinical guidelines CG22.
    • (2007) Clinical Guidelines
  • 45
    • 84873341917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression: The treatment and management of depression in adults (update)
    • National Institute for Clinical Excellence: London. NICE National Institute for Clinical Excellence: London
    • National Institute for Clinical Excellence: London. NICE (2009). Depression: the treatment and management of depression in adults (update). Clinical guidelines CG90. National Institute for Clinical Excellence: London.
    • (2009) Clinical Guidelines
  • 46
    • 3242673181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: Randomised controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1192/bjp.185.1.46
    • Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro D, Goldberg D, Mann A, Tylee A, Marks I, Gray J (2004). Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 185, 46-54. (Pubitemid 38951629)
    • (2004) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.185 , Issue.JULY , pp. 46-54
    • Proudfoot, J.1    Ryden, C.2    Everitt, B.3    Shapiro, D.A.4    Goldberg, D.5    Mann, A.6    Tylee, A.7    Marks, I.8    Gray, J.A.9
  • 47
    • 77949280180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled study of assisted bibliotherapy: An assisted self-help treatment for mild to moderate stress and anxiety
    • Reeves T (2010). A controlled study of assisted bibliotherapy : an assisted self-help treatment for mild to moderate stress and anxiety. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 17, 184-190.
    • (2010) Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing , vol.17 , pp. 184-190
    • Reeves, T.1
  • 48
    • 19544369152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving patient access and choice: Assisted Bibliotherapy for mild to moderate stress/anxiety in primary care
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2005.00845.x
    • Reeves T, Stace JM (2005). Improving patient access and choice: assisted bibliotherapy for mild to moderate stress/anxiety in primary care. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 12, 341-346. (Pubitemid 40732067)
    • (2005) Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-346
    • Reeves, T.1    Stace, J.M.2
  • 50
    • 33646555469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone
    • Salkovskis P, Rimes K, Stephenson D, Sacks G, Scott J (2006). A randomized controlled trial of the use of self-help materials in addition to standard general practice treatment of depression compared to standard treatment alone. Psychological Medicine 36, 325-333.
    • (2006) Psychological Medicine , vol.36 , pp. 325-333
    • Salkovskis, P.1    Rimes, K.2    Stephenson, D.3    Sacks, G.4    Scott, J.5
  • 51
    • 23044470423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet-guided self-help with or without exposure therapy for phobic and panic disorders: A randomised controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1159/000084000
    • Schneider AJ, Mataix-Cols D, Marks IM, Bachofen M (2005). Internet-guided self-help with or without exposure therapy for phobic and panic disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 74, 154-164. (Pubitemid 41094846)
    • (2005) Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 154-164
    • Schneider, A.J.1    Mataix-Cols, D.2    Marks, I.M.3    Bachofen, M.4
  • 52
    • 67651171663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stepped care for depression and anxiety: From primary care to specialized mental health care: A randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a stepped care program among primary care patients with mood or anxiety disorders
    • Seekles W, van Straten A, Beekman A, van Marwijk H, Cuijpers P (2009). Stepped care for depression and anxiety: from primary care to specialized mental health care: a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a stepped care program among primary care patients with mood or anxiety disorders. BMC Health Services Research 9, 90.
    • (2009) BMC Health Services Research , vol.9 , pp. 90
    • Seekles, W.1    Van Straten, A.2    Beekman, A.3    Van Marwijk, H.4    Cuijpers, P.5
  • 53
    • 29244454590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: Results from a randomized controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1017/S0033291705006318, PII S0033291705006318
    • Smit A, Kluiter H, Conradi HJ, van der Meer K, Tiemens BG, Jenner JA, van Os TWDP, Ormel J (2006). Short-term effects of enhanced treatment for depression in primary care: results from a randomised controlled trial. Psychological Medicine 36, 15-26. (Pubitemid 41825342)
    • (2006) Psychological Medicine , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-26
    • Smit, A.1    Kluiter, H.2    Conradi, H.J.3    Van Der Meer, K.4    Tiemens, B.G.5    Jenner, J.A.6    Van Os, T.W.D.P.7    Ormel, J.8
  • 54
    • 0025784704 scopus 로고
    • Self-help programme for anxiety in general practice: Controlled trial of an anxiety management booklet
    • Sorby N, Reavley W, Huber J (1991). Self-help programme for anxiety in general practice: controlled trial of an anxiety management booklet. British Journal of General Practice 41, 417-420.
    • (1991) British Journal of General Practice , vol.41 , pp. 417-420
    • Sorby, N.1    Reavley, W.2    Huber, J.3
  • 56
    • 47649083092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shyness 2: Treating social phobia online: Replication and extension
    • DOI 10.1080/00048670802119820, PII 794820392
    • Titov N, Andrews G, Schwencke G (2008b). Shyness 2: treating social phobia online: replication and extension. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42, 595-605. (Pubitemid 352015738)
    • (2008) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , vol.42 , Issue.7 , pp. 595-605
    • Titov, N.1    Andrews, G.2    Schwencke, G.3
  • 59
    • 41949118722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: Randomized controlled trial
    • van Straten A, Cuijpers P, Smits N (2008). Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 10, e7.
    • (2008) Journal of Medical Internet Research , vol.10
    • Van Straten, A.1    Cuijpers, P.2    Smits, N.3
  • 61
    • 0035210498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multidimensional meta-analysis of treatments for depression, panic, and generalized anxiety disorder: An empirical examination of the status of empirically supported therapies
    • DOI 10.1037//0022-006X.69.6.875
    • Westen D, Morrison K (2001). A multidimensional meta-analysis of treatments for depression, panic, and generalized anxiety disorder: an empirical examination of the status of empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 69, 875-899. (Pubitemid 33140488)
    • (2001) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.69 , Issue.6 , pp. 875-899
    • Westen, D.1    Morrison, K.2
  • 62
    • 56749150313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing access to CBT: Stepped care and CBT self-help models in practice
    • Williams C, Martinez R (2008). Increasing access to CBT: stepped care and CBT self-help models in practice. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, 675-683.
    • (2008) Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , vol.36 , pp. 675-683
    • Williams, C.1    Martinez, R.2
  • 63
    • 0020527558 scopus 로고
    • The hospital anxiety and depression scale
    • Zigmond AS, Snaith PR (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 67, 361-370. (Pubitemid 13098606)
    • (1983) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 361-370
    • Zigmond, A.S.1    Snaith, R.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.