Pluripotent stem cells and reprogrammed cells in farm animals

Microscopy and Microanalysis

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 474-497

  Nowak Imialek, Monika ^a   Kues, Wilfried ^a   Carnwath, Joseph W ^a   Niemann, Heiner ^a  

^a FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL HEALTH   (Germany)

Author keywords

blastocyst; germ line; induced pluripotent stem cells; pluripotency; reprogramming

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; MEDICAL RESEARCH; METHODOLOGY; MOUSE; PHYSIOLOGY; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL; RAT; REVIEW; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; MICE; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS; RATS; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION;

ANIMALIA; MUS; RATTUS; SUS SCROFA; SUS SCROFA DOMESTICA;

EID: 80054898110     PISSN: 14319276     EISSN: 14358115     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927611000080     Document Type: Review

References (285)

1. Aasen, T., Raya, a., Barrero, M.J., Garreta, E., Consiglio, a., Gonzalez, F., Vassena, R., Bilic, J., Pekarik, v., Tiscornia, G., Edel, M., Boue, S. & Izpisua Belmonte, J.C. (2008). Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes. Nat Biotechnol 26, 1276-1284.
2. Ahn, K.S., Won, J.Y., Heo, S.Y., Kang, J.H., Yang, H.S. & Shim, H. (2007). Transgenesis and nuclear transfer using porcine embryonic germ cells. Cloning Stem Cells 9, 461-468.
3. Alberio, R., Croxall, N. & Allegrucci, C. (2010). Pig epiblast stem cellsdependonactivin/nodal signaling for pluripotency and self-renewal. Stem Cells Dev 6, 484-495.
4. Alberio, R., Johnson, A.D., Stick, R. & Campbell, K.H. (2005). Differential nuclear remodeling of mammalian somatic cells by Xenopus laevis oocyte and egg cytoplasm. ExpCellRes 307, 131-41. (Pubitemid 40732739)
5. Anand, T., Kumar, D., Singh, M., Shah, R., Chauhan, M., Manik, R., Singla, S. & Palta, P. (2009). Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryonic stem cell-like cells and preimplantation embryos exhibit comparable expression of pluripotency-related antigens. Reprod Dom Anim doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009. 01564.x.
6. Anderson, G.B., BonDurant, R.H., Goff, L., Groff, J. & Moyer, A.L. (1996). Development of bovine and porcine embryonic teratomas in athymic mice. Anim Reprod Sci 45, 231-240. (Pubitemid 27025109)
7. Anderson, G.B., Choi, S.J. & Bondurant, R.H. (1994). Survival of porcine inner cell masses in culture and after injection into blastocysts. Theriogenology 42, 204-212.
8. Aoi, T., Yae, K., Nakagawa, M., Ichisaka, T., Okita, K., Taka-hashi, K., Chiba, T. & Yamanaka, S. (2008). Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach cells. Science 321, 699-702.
9. Aponte, P.M. & Rooij, D.G. (2008). Biomanipulation of bovine spermatogonia stem cells. Anil Reprod 5, 16-22.
10. Aponte, P.M., Soda, T., van de Kant, H.J. & de Rooij, D.G. (2006). Basic features of bovine spermatogonia culture and effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Theriogenology 65, 1828-1847.
11. Baguisi, A., Behboodi, E., Melican, D.T., Pollock, J.S., Destrem-pes, M.M., Cammuso, C., Williams, J.L., Nims, S.D., Porter, C.A., Midura, P., Palacios, M.J., Ayres, S.L., Denniston, R.S., Hayes, M.L., Ziomek, C.A., Meade, H.M., Godke, R.A., Gavin, W.G., Overstrom, E.W. & Echelard, Y. (1999).Pro-duction of goats by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nat Biotechnol 17, 456-461. (Pubitemid 29217897)
12. Berg, D.K., Li, C., Asher, G., Wells, D.N. & Oback, B. (2007). Red deer cloned from antler stem cells and their differentiated progeny. Biol Reprod 77, 384-394. (Pubitemid 47328602)
13. Bianchi, G., Banfi, A., Mastrogiacomo, M., Notaro, R., Luz-zatto, L., Cancedda, R. & Quarto, R. (2003). Ex vivo enrichment of mesenchymal cell progenitors by fibroblast growth factor 2. Exp Cell Res 287, 98-105. (Pubitemid 36683205)
14. Blelloch, R., Wang, Z., Meissner, A., Pollard, S., Smith, A. & Jaenisch, R. (2006). Reprogramming efficiency following somatic cell nuclear transfer is influenced by the differentiation and methylation state of the donor nucleus. Stem Cells 24, 2007-2013. (Pubitemid 44477125)
15. Blelloch, R.H., Hochedlinger, K., Yamada, Y., Brennan, C., Kim, M., Mintz, B., Chin, L. & Jaenisch, R. (2004). Nuclear cloning of embryonal carcinoma cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 101, 13985-13990. (Pubitemid 39305016)
16. Blomberg, L.A., Schreier, L.L. & Talbot, N.C. (2008). Expression analysis of pluripotency factors in the undifferentiated porcine inner cell mass and epiblast during in vitro culture. Mol Reprod Dev 75, 450-463. (Pubitemid 351214146)
17. Boiani, M., Eckardt, S., Scholer, H.R. & McLaughlin, K.J. (2002). Oct4 distribution and level in mouse clones: Consequences for pluripotency. Gene Dev 16, 1209-1219. (Pubitemid 34553102)
18. Boiani, M., Gentile, L., Gambles, V.V., Cavaleri, F., Redi, C.A. & Scholer, H.R. (2005). Variable reprogramming of the plurip-otent stem cell marker Oct4 in mouse clones: Distinct developmental potentials in different culture environments. Stem Cells 23, 1089-1104. (Pubitemid 41377725)
19. Boland, M.J., Hazen, J.L., Nazor, K.L., Rodriguez, A.R., Gif-ford, W., Martin, G., Kupriyanov, S. & Baldwin, K.K. (2009). Adult mice generated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 461, 91-94.
20. Brambrink, T., Hochedlinger, K., Bell, G. & Jaenisch, R. (2006). ES cells derived from cloned and fertilized blastocysts are transcriptionally and functionally indistinguishable. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 933-938. (Pubitemid 43212199)
21. Brevini, T.A., Antonini, S., Cillo, F., Crestan, M. & Gandolfi, F. (2007a). Porcine embryonic stem cells: Facts, challenges and hopes. Theriogenology 68(S1 ), S206-S213. (Pubitemid 47094952)
22. Brevini, T.A., Antonini, S., Pennarossa, G. & Gandolfi, F. (2008). Recent progress in embryonic stem cell research and its application in domestic species. Reprod Domest Anim 43(S2), 193-199.
23. Brevini, T.A., Cillo, F. & Gandolfi, F. (2005). Establishment and molecular characterization of pig parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 17, 235 (Abstract).
24. Brevini, T.A., Pennarossa, G., Attanasio, L., Vanelli, A., Gas-parrini, B. & Gandolfi, F. (2010b). Culture conditions and signalling networks promoting the establishment of cell lines from parthenogenetic and biparental pig embryos. Stem Cell Rev 6, 484-495.
25. Brevini, T.A., Pennarossa, G. & Gandolfi, F. (2010a). No shortcuts to pig embryonic stem cells. Theriogenology 74, 544-550.
26. Brevini, T.A., Tosetti, v., Crestan, M., Antonini, S. & Gandolfi, F. (2007b). Derivation and characterization of plu-ripotent cell lines from pig embryos of different origins. Theriogenology 67, 54-63. (Pubitemid 44854145)
27. Brinster, R.L. & Avarbock, M.R. (1994). Germline transmission of donor haplotype following spermatogonial transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 11303-11307. (Pubitemid 24356332)
28. Brinster, R.L. & Zimmermann, J.W. (1994). Spermatogenesis following male germ-cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 11298-11302. (Pubitemid 24356331)
29. Buehr, M., Meek, S., Blair, K., Yang, J., Ure, J., Silva, J., McLay, R., Hall, J., Ying, Q.L. & Smith, A. (2008). Capture of authentic embryonic stem cells from rat blastocysts. Cell 135, 1287-1298.
30. Byrne, J.A., Pedersen, D.A., Clepper, L.L., Nelson, M., Sanger, W.G., Gokhale, S., Wolf, D.P. & Mitalipov, S.M. (2007). Producing primate embryonic stem cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nature 450, 497-502. (Pubitemid 350190255)
31. Byrne, J.A., Simonsson, S., Western, P.S. & Gurdon, J.B. (2003). Nuclei of adult mammalian somatic cells are directly reprogrammed to oct-4 stem cell gene expression by amphibian oocytes. Curr Biol 13, 1206-1213. (Pubitemid 36872943)
32. Cabot, R.A., Kuhholzer, B., Chan, A.W., Lai, L., Park, K.W., Chong, K.Y., Schatten, G., Murphy, C.N., Abeydeera, L.R., Day, B.N. & Prather, R.S. (2001). Transgenic pigs produced using in vitro maturedoocytes infectedwitharetroviralvector. Anim Biotechnol 12, 205-214. (Pubitemid 33669079)
33. Campbell, K.H., McWhir, J., Ritchie, W.A. & Wilmut, I. (1996). Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line. Nature 380, 64-66. (Pubitemid 26076237)
34. Cao, S., Wang, F., Chen, Z., Liu, Z., Mei, C., Wu, H., Huang, J., Li, C., Zhou, L. & Liu, L. (2009). Isolation and culture of primary bovine embryonic stem cell colonies by a novel method. JExp Zool AEcolGenet Physiol 311, 368-376.
35. Carvajal-Vergara, X., Sevilla, A., D'Souza, S.L., Ang, Y.S., Schaniel, C., Lee, D.F., Yang, L., Kaplan, A.D., Adler, E.D., Rozov, R., Ge, Y., Cohen, N., Edelmann, L.J., Chang, B., Waghray, A., Su, J., Pardo, S., Lichtenbelt, K.D., Tarta-glia, M., Gelb, B.D. & Lemischka, I.R. (2010). Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived models of LEOPARD syndrome. Nature 465, 808-812.
36. Chen, L.R., Shiue, Y.L., Bertolini, L., Medrano, J.F., Bon-Durant, R.H. & Anderson, G.B. (1999). Establishment of pluripotent cell lines from porcine preimplantation embryos. Theriogenology 52, 195-212. (Pubitemid 29398685)
37. Cherny, R.A., Stokes, T.M., Merei, J., Lom, L., Brandon, M.R. & Williams, R.L. (1994). Strategies for the isolation and characterization of bovine embryonic stem cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 6, 569-575.
38. Chesne, P., Adenot, P.G., Viglietta, C., Baratte, M., Bou-langer, L. & Renard, J.P. (2002). Cloned rabbits produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells. Nat Biotechnol 20, 366-369. (Pubitemid 34286329)
39. Cho, H.J., Lee, C.S., Kwon, Y.W., Paek, J.S., Lee, S.H., Hur, J., Lee, E.J., Roh, T.Y., Chu, I.S., Leem, S.H., Kim, Y., Kang, H.J., Park, Y.B. & Kim, H.S. (2010). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells by protein-based reprogramming without genetic manipulation. Blood 116, 386-395.
40. Chung, Y., Bishop, C.E., Treff, N.R., Walker, S.J., Sandler, V.M., Becker, S., Klimanskaya, I., Wun, W.S., Dunn, R., Hall, R.M., Su, J., Lu, S.J., Maserati, M., Choi, Y.H., Scott, R., Atala, A., Dittmann, R. & Lanza, R. (2009). Reprogram-ming of human somatic cells using human and animal oocytes. Cloning Stem Cells 11, 213-223.
41. Cibelli, J.B., Stice, S.L., Golueke, P.J., Kane, J.J., Jerry, J., Blackwell, C., Ponce de Leon, F.A. & Robl, J.M. (1998). Transgenic bovine chimeric offspring produced from somatic cell-derived stem-like cells. Nat Biotechnol 16, 642-646. (Pubitemid 28334321)
42. Cowan, C.A., Atienza, J., Melton, D.A. & Eggan, K. (2005). Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells after fusion with human embryonic stem cells. Science 309, 1369-1373. (Pubitemid 41209363)
43. Dattena, M., Chessa, B., Lacerenza, D., Accardo, C., Pilichi, S., Mara, L., Chessa, F., Vincenti, L. & Cappai, P. (2006). Isolation, culture, and characterization of embryonic cell lines from vitrified sheep blastocysts. MolReprodDev 73, 31-39. (Pubitemid 41759949)
44. De Miguel, M.P., Fuentes-Julian, S. & Alcaina, Y. (2010). Pluripotent stem cells: Origin, maintenance and induction. Stem Cell Rev 6, 633-649.
45. Dirami, G., Ravindranath, N., Pursel, V. & Dym, M. (1999). Effects of stem cell factor and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor on survival of porcine type A spermatogonia cultured in KSOM. Biol Reprod 61, 225-230. (Pubitemid 29295989)
46. Do, J.T., Han, D.W., Gentile, L., Sobek-Klocke, I., Stehling, M., Lee, H.T. & Scholer, H.R. (2007). Erasure of cellular memory by fusion with pluripotent cells. Stem Cells 25, 1013-1020. (Pubitemid 46572599)
47. Do, J.T., Han, D.W. & Scholer, H.R. (2006). Reprogramming somatic gene activity by fusion with pluripotent cells. Stem Cell Rev 2, 257-264. (Pubitemid 47501211)
48. Do, J.T. & Scholer, H.R. (2004). Nuclei of embryonic stem cells reprogram somatic cells. Stem Cells 22, 941-949. (Pubitemid 39507081)
49. Do, J.T. & Scholer, H.R. (2006). Cell-cell fusion as a means to establish pluripotency. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop, pp. 35-45.
50. Do, J.T. & Scholer, H.R. (2010). Cell fusion-induced reprogramming. Methods Mol Biol 636, 179-190.
51. Dobrinski, I. (2006). Germ cell transplantation in pigs-Advances and applications. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl 62, 331-339.
52. Dobrinski, I., Avarbock, M.R. & Brinster, R.L. (2000).Germ cell transplantation from large domestic animals into mouse testes. Mol Reprod Dev 57, 270-279.
53. Durcova-Hills, G., Prelle, K., Muller, S., Stojkovic, M., Mot-lik, J., Wolf, E. & Brem, G. (1998). Primary culture of porcine PGCs requires LIF and porcine membrane-bound stem cell factor. Zygote 6, 271-275. (Pubitemid 128568427)
54. Durcova-Hills, G., Tang, F.C., Doody, G., Tooze, R. & Surani, M.A. (2008). Reprogramming primordial germ cells into pluripotent stem cells. Plos One 3:10.1371/journal.pone.0003531.
55. Eggan, K., Baldwin, K., Tackett, M., Osborne, J., Gogos, J., Chess, A., Axel, R. & Jaenisch, R. (2004). Mice cloned from olfactory sensory neurons. Nature 428, 44-49. (Pubitemid 38332351)
56. Esteban, M.A., Xu, J., Yang, J., Peng, M., Qin, D., Li, W., Jiang, Z., Chen, J., Deng, K., Zhong, M., Cai, J., Lai, L. & Pei, D. (2009). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines from Tibetan miniature pig. J Biol Chem 284, 17634-17640.
57. Evans, M.J. & Kaufman, M.H. (1981). Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292, 154-156. (Pubitemid 11050741)
58. Evans, M.J., Notarianni, E., Laurie, S. & Moor, R.M. (1990). Derivation and preliminary characterization of pluripotent cell lines from porcine and bovine blastocysts. Theriogenology 33, 125-128.
59. Ezashi, T., Telugu, B.P.V.L., Alexenko, A.P., Sachdev, S., Sinha, S. & Roberts, R.M. (2009). Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from pig somatic cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 106, 10993-10998.
60. Flasza, M., Shering, A.F., Smith, K., Andrews, P.W., Talley, P. & Johnson, P.A. (2003). Reprogramming in inter-species embryonal carcinoma-somatic cell hybrids induces expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers. Cloning Stem Cells 5, 339-354. (Pubitemid 38031858)
61. French, A.J., Adams, C.A., Anderson, L.S., Kitchen, J.R., Hughes, M.R. & Wood, S.H. (2008). Development of human cloned blastocysts following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with adult fibroblasts. Stem Cells 26, 485-493. (Pubitemid 351413608)
62. Fulka, J. & Fulka, H. (2007). Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in mammals: The cytoplast and its reprogramming activities. Somat Cell Nucl Trans 591, 93-102.
63. Galli, C., Lagutina, I., Crotti, G., Colleoni, S., Turini, P., Ponderato, N., Duchi, R. & Lazzari, G. (2003). Pregnancy: A cloned horse born to its dam twin. Nature 424, 635. (Pubitemid 36987976)
64. Gerfen, R.W. & Wheeler, M.B. (1995). Isolation of embryonic cell-lines from porcine blastocysts. Anim Biotech 6, 1-14.
65. Ghodsizadeh, A., Taei, A., Totonchi, M., Seifinejad, A., Gou-rabi, H., Pournasr, B., Aghdami, N., Malekzadeh, R., Al-madani, N., Salekdeh, G.H. & Baharvand, H. (2010). Generation of liver disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells along with efficient differentiation to functional hepatocyte-like cells. Stem Cell Rev 6, 622-632.
66. Giorgetti, A., Montserrat, N., Aasen, T., Gonzalez, F., Rodriguez-Piza, I., Vassena, R., Raya, A., Boue, S., Barrero, M.J., Corbella, B.A., Torrabadella, M., Veiga, A. & Izpisua Belmonte, J.C. (2009). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human cord blood using OCT4 and SOX2. Cell Stem Cell 5, 353-357.
67. Goel, S., Fujihara, M., Tsuchiya, K., Takagi, Y., Minami, N., Yamada, M. & Imai, H. (2009). Multipotential ability of primitive germ cells from neonatal pig testis cultured in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 21, 696-708.
68. Gong, G., Roach, M.L., Jiang, L., Yang, X. & Tian, X.C. (2010). Culture conditions and enzymatic passaging of bovine ESC-like cells. Cell Reprogram 12, 151-160.
69. Green, A.L., Wells, D.N. & Oback, B. (2007). Cattle cloned from increasingly differentiated muscle cells. Biol Reprod 7, 395-406. (Pubitemid 47328603)
70. Haase, A., Olmer, R., Schwanke, K., Wunderlich, S., Merkert, S., Hess, C., Zweigerdt, R., Gruh, I., Meyer, J., Wagner, S., Maier, L.S., Han, D.W., Glage, S., Miller, K., Fischer, P., Scholer, H.R. & Martin, U. (2009). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human cord blood. Cell Stem Cell 5, 434-441.
71. Habermann, F.A., Wuensch, A., Sinowatz, F. & Wolf, E. (2007). Reporter genes for embryogenesis research in livestock species. Theriogenology 68(S1 ), 116-124.
72. Hall, V. (2008). Porcine embryonic stem cells: A possible source for cell replacement therapy. Stem Cell Rev 4, 275-282.
73. Hall, V.J., Christensen, J., Gao, Y., Schmidt, M.H. & Hyttel, P. (2009). Porcine pluripotency cell signaling develops from the inner cell mass to the epiblast during early development. Dev Dyn 238, 2014-2024.
74. Han, D.W., Do, J.T., Gentile, L., Stehling, M., Lee, H.T. & Scholer, H.R. (2008). Pluripotential reprogramming of the somatic genome in hybrid cells occurs with the first cell cycle. Stem Cells 26, 445-454. (Pubitemid 351413605)
75. Handyside, A., Hooper, M.L., Kaufmann, M.H. & Wilmut, I. (1987). Towards the isolation of embryonal stem cell lines from the sheep. Roux's Arch Dev Biol 196, 185-190. (Pubitemid 17028686)
76. Hansis, C., Barreto, G., Maltry, N. & Niehrs, C. (2004). Nuclear reprogramming of human somatic cells by Xenopus egg extract requires BRG1. Curr Biol 14, 1475-1480. (Pubitemid 39123745)
77. Haridoss, S., Niemann, H., Kues, W.A., Moritz, T., Cantz, T., Martin, U., Schambach, A., Sgodda, M., Jagielska, J., Pfaff, N., Luettge, D. & Nowak-Imialek, M. (2009). Generation and characterisation of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Hum Gene Ther 20, 1523 (Abstract).
78. Hasegawa, K., Zhan, P., Wei, Z., Pomeroy, J., Lu, W. & Pera, M. (2010). Comparison of reprogramming efficiency between trans-duction of reprogramming factors, cell-cell fusion, and cytoplast fusion. Stem Cells 28, 1338-1348.
79. He, S., Pant, D., Schiffmacher, A., Bischoff, S., Melican, D., Gavin, W. & Keefer, C. (2006). Developmental expression of pluripotency determining factors in caprine embryos: Novel pattern of NANOG protein localization in the nucleolus. Mol Reprod Dev 73, 1512-1522. (Pubitemid 44631020)
80. Hochedlinger, K. & Jaenisch, R. (2002). Monoclonal mice generated by nuclear transfer from mature B and T donor cells. Nature 415, 1035-1038. (Pubitemid 34193452)
81. Hochedlinger, K. & Jaenisch, R. (2007). On the cloning of animals from terminally differentiated cells. Nat Genet 39, 136-137. (Pubitemid 46184335)
82. Hochereau-de Reviers, M.T. & Perreau, C. (1993). In vitro culture of embryonic disc cells from porcine blastocysts. Re-prod Nutr Dev 33, 475-483.
83. Honaramooz, A., Megee, S.O. & Dobrinski, I. (2002).Germ cell transplantation in pigs. Biol Reprod 66, 21-28. (Pubitemid 34020582)
84. Hornen, N., Kues, W.A., Carnwath, J.W., Lucas-Hahn, A., Petersen, B., Hassel, P. & Niemann, H. (2007). Production of viable pigs from fetal somatic stem cells. Cloning Stem Cells 9, 364-373.
85. Hyun, S., Lee, G., Kim, D., Kim, H., Lee, S., Nam, D., Jeong, Y., Kim, S., Yeom, S., Kang, S., Han, J., Lee, B. & Hwang, W. (2003). Production of nuclear transfer-derived piglets using porcine fetal fibroblasts transfected with the enhanced green fluorescent protein. Biol Reprod 69, 1060-1068. (Pubitemid 37064636)
86. Inoue, K., Wakao, H., Ogonuki, N., Miki, H., Seino, K.I., Nambu-Wakao, R., Noda, S., Miyoshi, H., Koseki, H., Taniguchi, M. & Ogura, A. (2005). Generation of cloned mice by direct nuclear transfer from natural killer t cells. Curr Biol 15, 1114-1118. (Pubitemid 40841354)
87. Iwasaki, S., Campbell, K.H., Galli, C. & Akiyama, K. (2000). Production of live calves derived from embryonic stem-like cellsaggregatedwithtetraploidembryos.Biol Reprod 62, 470-475. (Pubitemid 30067352)
88. Izadyar, F., Den Ouden, K., Creemers, L.B., Posthuma, G., Parvinen, M. & de Rooij, D.G. (2003). Proliferation and differentiation of bovine type A spermatogonia during long-term culture. Biol Reprod 68, 272-281. (Pubitemid 36076346)
89. Izadyar, F., Pau, F., Marh, J., Slepko, N., Wang, T., Gonzalez, R., Ramos, T., Howerton, K., Sayre, C. & Silva, F. (2008). Generation of multipotent cell lines from a distinct population of male germ line stem cells. Reproduction 135, 771-784. (Pubitemid 351837390)
90. Izadyar, F., Spierenberg, G.T., Creemers, L.B., den Ouden, K. & de Rooij, D.G. (2002). Isolation and purification of type A spermatogonia from the bovine testis. Reproduction 124, 85-94. (Pubitemid 34785370)
91. Jia, W., Yang, W., Lei, A., Gao, Z., Yang, C., Hua, J., Huang, W., Ma, X., Wang, H. & Dou, Z. (2008). A caprine chimera produced by injection of embryonic germ cells into a blasto-cyst. Theriogenology 69, 340-348.
92. Kakegawa, R., Teramura, T., Takehara, T., Anzai, M., Mitani, T., Matsumoto, K., Saeki, K., Sagawa, N., Fukuda, K. & Hosoi, Y. (2008). Isolation and culture of rabbit primordial germ Cells. J Reprod Dev 54, 352-357.
93. Kanatsu-Shinohara, M., Lee, J., Inoue, K., Ogonuki, N., Miki, H., Toyokuni, S., Ikawa, M., Nakamura, T., Ogura, A. & Shinohara, T. (2008). Pluripotency of a single spermatogonial stem cell in mice. Biol Reprod 78, 681-687. (Pubitemid 351469354)
94. Kanatsu-Shinohara, M., Ogonuki, N., Inoue, K., Miki, H., Ogura, A., Toyokuni, S. & Shinohara, T. (2003). Long-term proliferation in culture and germline transmission of mouse male germline stem cells. Biol Reprod 69, 612-616. (Pubitemid 36885967)
95. Kato, Y., Tani, T. & Tsunoda, Y. (2000). Cloning of calves from various somatic cell types of male and female adult, newborn and fetal cows. JReprodFertil 120, 231-237.
96. Keefer, C.L., Pant, D., Blomberg, L. & Talbot, N.C. (2007). Challenges and prospects for the establishment of embryonic stem cell lines of domesticated ungulates. Anim Reprod Sci 98, 147-168. (Pubitemid 46215966)
97. Kikyo, N., Wade, P.A., Guschin, D., Ge, H. & Wolffe, A.P. (2000). Active remodeling of somatic nuclei in egg cytoplasm by the nucleosomal ATPase ISWI. Science 289, 2360-2362.
98. Kim, D., Kim, C.H., Moon, J.I., Chung, Y.G., Chang, M.Y., Han, B.S., Ko, S., Yang, E., Cha, K.Y., Lanza, R. & Kim, K.S. (2009a). Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by direct delivery of reprogramming proteins. Cell Stem Cell 4, 472-476.
99. Kim, H.S., Son, H.Y., Kim, S., Lee, G.S., Park, C.H., Kang, S.K., Lee, B.C., Hwang, W.S. & Lee, C.K. (2007). Isolation and initial culture of porcine inner cell masses derived from in vitro-produced blastocysts. Zygote 15, 55-63. (Pubitemid 46184177)
100. Kim, J.B., Zaehres, H., Arauzo-Bravo, M.J. & Scholer, H.R. (2009b). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from neural stem cells. Nat Protoc 4, 1464-1470.
101. Kim, K., Doi, A., Wen, B., Ng, K., Zhao, R., Cahan, P., Kim, J., Aryee, M.J., Ji, H., Ehrlich, L.I., Yabuuchi, A., Takeuchi, A., Cunniff, K.C., Hongguang, H., McKinney-Freeman, S., Naveiras, O., Yoon, T.J., Irizarry, R.A., Jung, N., Seita, J., Hanna, J., Murakami, P., Jaenisch, R., Weissleder, R., Orkin, S.H., Weissman, I.L., Feinberg, A.P. & Daley, G.Q. (2010a). Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 467, 285-290.
102. Kim, S., Kim, J.H., Lee, E., Jeong, Y.W., Hossein, M.S., Park, S.M., Park, S.W., Lee, J.Y., Jeong, Y.I., Kim, H.S., Kim, Y.W., Hyun, S.H. & Hwang, W.S. (2010b). Establishment and characterization of embryonic stem-like cells from porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer blastocysts. Zygote 18, 93-101.
103. Klassen, H., Warfvinge, K., Schwartz, P.H., Kiilgaard, J.F., Shamie, N., Jiang, C., Samuel, M., Scherfig, E., Prather, R.S. & Young, M.J. (2008). Isolation of progenitor cells from GFP-transgenic pigs and transplantation to the retina of allore-cipients. Cloning Stem Cells 10, 391-402.
104. Ko, K., Arauzo-Bravo, M.J., Kim, J., Stehling, M. & Scholer, H.R. (2010). Conversion of adult mouse unipotent germline stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 5, 921-928.
105. Ko, K., Tapia, N., Wu, G., Kim, J.B., Bravo, M.J., Sasse, P., Glaser, T., Ruau, D., Han, D.W., Greber, B., Hausdorfer, K., Sebas-tiano, V., Stehling, M., Fleischmann, B.K., Brustle, O., Zenke, M. & Scholer, H.R. (2009). Induction of pluripotency in adult unipotent germline stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 5, 87-96.
106. Kobolak, J., Bodo, S., Rungsiwiwut, R., Meng, Q.G., Adorjan, M., Virutamasen, P., Techakumphu, M. & Dinnyes, A. (2010). Generation of mouse embryonic stem cell lines from zona-free nuclear transfer embryos. Cell Reprogr 12, 105-113.
107. Kubota, H., Avarbock, M.R. & Brinster, R.L. (2004). Growth factors essential for self-renewal and expansion of mouse sper-matogonial stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 16489-16494. (Pubitemid 39557740)
108. Kues, W.A. & Niemann, H. (2004). The contribution of farm animals to human health. Trends Biotechnol 22, 286-294. (Pubitemid 38639776)
109. Kues, W.A., Petersen, B., Mysegades, W., Carnwath, J.W. & Niemann, H. (2005). Isolation of murine and porcine fetal stem cells from somatic tissue. Biol Reprod 72, 1020-1028. (Pubitemid 40404281)
110. Kues, W.A., Sudheer, S., Herrmann, D., Carnwath, J.W., Hav-licek, S., Besenfelder, U., Lehrach, H., Adjaye, J. & Niemann, H. (2008). Genome-wide expression profiling reveals distinct clusters of transcriptional regulation during bovine preimplantation development in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105, 19768-19773.
111. Kuhholzer, B., Baguisi, A. & Overstrom, E.W. (2000). Long-term culture and characterization of goat primordial germ cells. Theriogenology 53, 1071-1079. (Pubitemid 30252213)
112. Kwon, D.K., Hong, S.G., Park, H.J., Kang, J.T., Koo, O.J. & Lee, B.C. (2009). Epiblast isolation by a new four stage method (peeling) from whole bovine cloned blastocysts. Cell Biol Int 33, 309-317.
113. Labosky, P.A., Barlow, D.P. & Hogan, B.L.M. (1994). Mouse embryonic germ (EG) cell-lines-Transmission through the germline and differences in the methylation imprint of insulinlike growth-factor 2 receptor (Igf2r) gene compared with embryonic stem (ES) cell-lines. Development 120, 3197-3204. (Pubitemid 24343250)
114. Lagutina, I., Lazzari, G., Duchi, R., Colleoni, S., Ponderato, N., Turini, P., Crotti, G. & Galli, C. (2005). Somatic cell nuclear transfer in horses: Effect of oocyte morphology, embryo reconstruction method and donor cell type. Reproduction 130, 559-567. (Pubitemid 41472482)
115. Lai, L., Park, K.W., Cheong, H.T., Kuhholzer, B., Samuel, M., Bonk, A., Im, G.S., Rieke, A., Day, B.N., Murphy, C.N., Carter, D.B. & Prather, R.S. (2002). Transgenic pig expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein produced by nuclear transfer using colchicine-treated fibroblasts as donor cells. Mol Reprod Dev 62, 300-306. (Pubitemid 34569111)
116. Lanza, R.P., Chung, H.Y., Yoo, J.J., Wettstein, P.J., Blackwell, C., Borson, N., Hofmeister, E., Schuch, G., Soker, S., Mo-raes, C.T., West, M.D. & Atala, A. (2002). Generation of histocompatible tissues using nuclear transplantation. Nat Bio-technol 20, 689-696. (Pubitemid 34734135)
117. Ledda, S., Bogliolo, L., Bebbere, D., Ariu, F. & Pirino, S. (2010). Characterization, isolation and culture of primordial germ cells in domestic animals: Recent progress and insights from the ovine species. Theriogenology 74, 534-543.
118. Lee, B.C., Kim, M.K., Jang, G., Oh, H.J., Yuda, F., Kim, H.J., Hos-sein, M.S., Kim, J.J., Kang, S.K., Schatten, G. & Hwang, W.S. (2005). Dogs cloned from adult somatic cells. Nature 436, 641.
119. Lee, C.K. & Piedrahita, J.A. (2000). Effects of growth factors and feeder cells on porcine primordial germ cells in vitro. Cloning 2, 197-205. (Pubitemid 32094740)
120. Lee, C.K., Scules, N., Newton, G. & Piedrahita, J.A. (1998). Isolation and initial characterization of primordial germ cells (PGC)-derived from goat, rabbit and rats. Theriogenology 49, 388 (Abstract).
121. Lee, C.K., Weaks, R.L., Johnson, G.A., Bazer, F.W. & Piedrahita, J.A. (2000). Effects of protease inhibitors and antioxi-dants on in vitro survival of porcine primordial germ cells. Biol Reprod 63, 887-897. (Pubitemid 30659287)
122. Li, J., Ishli, T., Feinstein, P. & Mombaerts, P. (2004a). Odorant receptor gene choice is reset by nuclear transfer from mouse olfactory sensory neurons. Nature 428, 393-399. (Pubitemid 38419679)
123. Li, M., Hou, Y., Sun, X.F., Sun, Q.Y. & Wang, W.H. (2004b). Improved isolation and culture of embryonic stem cells from Chinese miniature pig. J Reprod Dev 50, 237-244. (Pubitemid 40631823)
124. Li, M., Li, Y.H., Hou, Y., Sun, X.F., Sun, Q. & Wang, W.H. (2004c). Isolation and culture of pluripotent cells from in vitro produced porcine embryos. Zygote 12, 43-48. (Pubitemid 38813698)
125. Li, M., Zhang, D., Hou, Y., Jiao, L., Zheng, X. & Wang, W.H. (2003). Isolation and culture of embryonic stem cells from porcine blastocysts. Mol Reprod Dev 65, 429-434. (Pubitemid 36841893)
126. Li, P., Tong, C., Mehrian-Shai, R., Jia, L., Wu, N., Yan, Y., Maxson, R.E., Schulze, E.N., Song, H., Hsieh, C.L., Pera, M.F. & Ying, Q.L. (2008). Germline competent embryonic stem cells derived from rat blastocysts. Cell 135, 1299-1310.
127. Li, W., Wei, W., Zhu, S., Zhu, J., Shi, Y., Lin, T., Hao, E., Hayek, A., Deng, H. & Ding, S. (2009). Generation of rat and human induced pluripotent stem cells by combining genetic reprogram-ming and chemical inhibitors. Cell Stem Cell 4, 16-19.
128. Li, X., Zhou, S.G., Imreh, M.P., Ahrlund-Richter, L. & Allen, W.R. (2006a). Horse embryonic stem cell lines from the proliferation of inner cell mass cells. Stem Cells Dev 15, 523-531. (Pubitemid 44701172)
129. Li, Z., Sun, X., Chen, J., Liu, X., Wisely, S.M., Zhou, Q., Renard, J.P., Leno, G.H. & Engelhardt, J.F. (2006b). Cloned ferrets produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Dev Biol 293, 439-448.
130. Liao, J., Cui, C., Chen, S., Ren, J., Chen, J., Gao, Y., Li, H., Jia, N., Cheng, L., Xiao, H. & Xiao, L. (2009). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines from adult rat cells. Cell Stem Cell 4, 11-15.
131. Liu, H.S., Zhu, F.F., Yong, J., Zhang, P.B., Hou, P.p., Li, H.G., Jiang, W., Cai, J., Liu, M.K. Cui, Qu, X.X., Xiang, T.T., Lu, D.Y., Chi, X.C., Gao, G., Ji, W.Z., Ding, M.X. & Deng, H.K. (2008). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from adult rhesus monkey fibroblasts. Cell Stem Cell 3, 587-590.
132. Loh, Y.H., Agarwal, S., Park, I.H., Urbach, A., Huo, H., Heff-ner, G.C., Kim, K., Miller, J.D., Ng, K. & Daley, G.Q. (2009). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human blood. Blood 113, 5476-5479.
133. Ma, D.K., Chiang, C.H., Ponnusamy, K., Ming, G.L. & Song, H. (2008). G9a and Jhdm2a regulate embryonic stem cell fusion-induced reprogramming of adult neural stem cells. Stem Cells 26, 2131-2141.
134. Markoulaki, S., Hanna, J., Beard, C., Carey, B.W., Cheng, A.W., Lengner, C.J., Dausman, J.A., Fu, D., Gao, Q., Wu, S., Cassady, J.P. & Jaenisch, R. (2009). Transgenic mice with defined combinations of drug-inducible reprogramming factors. Nat Biotechnol 27, 169-171.
135. Marret, C. & Durand, P. (2000). Culture of porcine spermatogo-nia: Effects of purification of the germ cells, extracellular matrix and fetal calf serum on their survival and multiplication. Reprod Nutr Dev 40, 305-319. (Pubitemid 30456215)
136. Martin, G. (1981). Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocar-cinoma stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78, 7634-7638. (Pubitemid 12186197)
137. Matsui, Y. (1998). Developmental fates of the mouse germ cell line. IntJDev Biol 42, 1037-1042. (Pubitemid 28530760)
138. Matsui, Y. & Tokitake, Y. (2009). Primordial germ cells contain subpopulations that have greater ability to develop into pluri-potential stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 51, 657-667.
139. Matsui, Y., Toksoz, D., Nishikawa, S., Nishikawa, S., Williams, D., Zsebo, K. & Hogan, B.L. (1991). Effect of steel factor and leukemia inhibitory factor on murine primordial germ-cells in culture. Nature 353, 750-752. (Pubitemid 21912612)
140. Matsui, Y., Zsebo, K. & Hogan, B.L. (1992). Derivation of pluri-potential embryonic stem cells from murine primordial germ cells in culture. Cell 70, 841-847.
141. Matsunari, H., Onodera, M., Tada, N., Mochizuki, H., Karasawa, S., Haruyama, E., Nakayama, N., Saito, H., Ueno, S., Kurome, M., Miyawaki, A. & Nagashima, H. (2008). Transgenic-cloned pigs systemically expressing red fluorescent protein, Kusabira-Orange. Cloning Stem Cells 10, 313-323.
142. Matveeva, N.M., Shilov, A.G., Kaftanovskaya, E.M., Maxi-movsky, L.P., Zhelezova, A.I., Golubitsa, A.N., Bayborodin, S.I., Fokina, M.M. & Serov, O.L. (1998). In vitro and in vivo study of pluripotency in intraspecific hybrid cells obtained by fusion of murine embryonic stem cells with splenocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 50, 128-138. (Pubitemid 28234560)
143. Meinecke-Tillmann, S. & Meinecke, B. (1996). Isolation of ES-like cell lines from ovine and caprine pre-implantation embryos. J Animal Breed Gen 113, 413-426. (Pubitemid 126125266)
144. Miller, R.A. & Ruddle, F.H. (1976). Pluripotent teratocarcinoma- thymus somatic-cell hybrids. Cell 9, 45-55.
145. Miller, R.A. & Ruddle, F.H. (1977a). Properties of teratocarcinoma-thymus somatic-cell hybrids. Somat Cell Genet 3, 247-261.
146. Miller, R.A. & Ruddle, F.H. (1977b). Teratocarcinoma X friend erythroleukemia cell hybrids resemble their pluripotent embryonal carcinoma
147. Mitalipov, S. & Wolf, S. (2009). Totipotency, pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming. AdvBiochemEng Biotechnol 114, 185-199.
148. Mitalipova, M., Beyhan, Z. & First, N.L. (2001). Pluripotency of bovine embryonic cell line derived from precompacting embryos. Cloning 3, 59-67. (Pubitemid 32735029)
149. Miyamoto, K., Furusawa, T., Ohnuki, M., Goel, S., Tokunaga, T., Minami, N., Yamada, M., Ohsumi, K. & Imai, H. (2007). Reprogramming events of mammalian somatic cells induced by Xenopus laevis egg extracts. MolReprodDev 74, 1268-1277. (Pubitemid 350195111)
150. Miyamoto, K., Tsukiyama, T., Yang, Y., Li, N., Minami, N., Yamada, M. & Imai, H. (2009). Cell-free extracts from mammalian oocytes partially induce nuclear reprogramming in somatic cells. Biol Reprod 80, 935-943.
151. Miyamoto, K., Yamashita, T., Tsukiyama, T., Kitamura, N., Minami, N., Yamada, M. & Imai, H. (2008). Reversible membrane permeabilization of mammalian cells treated with digito-nin and its use for inducing nuclear reprogramming by Xenopus egg extracts. Cloning Stem Cells 10, 535-542.
152. Miyoshi, K., Mori, H., Mizobe, Y., Akasaka, E., Ozawa, A., Yoshida, M. & Sato, M. (2009). Development of a noninvasive monitoring system for evaluation of Oct-3/4 promoter status in miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. JRe-prod Dev 55, 661-669.
153. Miyoshi, K., Taguchi, Y., Sendai, Y., Hoshi, H. & Sato, E. (2000). Establishment of a porcine cell line from in vitro-produced blastocysts and transfer of the cells into enucleated oocytes. Biol Reprod 62, 1640-1646. (Pubitemid 30333746)
154. Mizutani, E., Ohta, H., Kishigami, S., Thuan, N.V., Hikichi, T., Wakayama, S., Kosaka, M., Sato, E. & Wakayama, T. (2006). Developmental ability of cloned embryos from neural stem cells. Reproduction 132, 849-857. (Pubitemid 46040655)
155. Moore, K. & Piedrahita, J.A. (1996). Effects of heterologous hematopoietic cytokines on in vitro differentiation of cultured porcine inner cell masses. Mol Reprod Dev 45, 139-144. (Pubitemid 26382486)
156. Moore, K. & Piedrahita, J.A. (1997). The effects of human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) and culture medium on in vitro differentiation of cultured porcine inner cell mass (pICM). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 33, 62-71. (Pubitemid 27074033)
157. Moretti, A., Bellin, M., Welling, A., Jung, C.B., Lam, J.T., Bott-Flugel, L., Dorn, T., Goedel, A., Hohnke, C., Hofmann, F., Seyfarth, M., Sinnecker, D., Schomig, A. & Laugwitz, K.L. (2010). Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell models for long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 363, 1397-1409.
158. Moriguchi, H., Chung, R.T., Mihara, M. & Sato, C. (2010). Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from liver progenitor cells by only small molecules. Hepatology 51, 1810-1819.
159. Mueller, S., Prelle, K., Rieger, N., Petznek, H., Lassnig, C., Luksch, U., Aigner, B., Baetscher, M., Wolf, E., Mueller, M. & Brem, G. (1999). Chimeric pigs following blastocyst injection of transgenic porcine primordial germ cells. Mol Reprod Dev 54, 244-254. (Pubitemid 29463424)
160. Munoz, M., Diez, C., Caamano, J.N., Jouneau, A., Hue, I. & Gomez, E. (2008a). Embryonic stem cells in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 43(S4), 32-73.
161. Munoz, M., Rodriguez, A., De Frutos, C., Caamano, J.N., Diez, C., Facal, N. & Gomez, E. (2008b). Conventional pluripotency markers are unspecific for bovine embryonic-derived cell-lines. Theriogenology 69, 1159-1164.
162. Neri, T., Monti, M., Rebuzzini, P., Merico, v., Garagna, S., Redi, C.A. & Zuccotti, M. (2007). Mouse fibroblasts are reprogrammed to Oct-4 and Rex-1 gene expression and alkaline phosphatase activity by embryonic stem cell extracts. Cloning Stem Cells 9, 394-406.
163. Niemann, H. & Kues, W.A. (2003). Application of transgenesis in livestock for agriculture and biomedicine. Anim Reprod Sci 79, 291-317. (Pubitemid 37502359)
164. Niemann, H. & Kues, W.A. (2007). Transgenic farm animals: An update. Reprod Fertil Dev 19, 762-770. (Pubitemid 47206973)
165. Niemann, H., Rath, D. & Wrenzycki, C. (2003). Advances in biotechnology: New tools in future pig production for agriculture and biomedicine. Reprod Domest Anim 38, 82-89. (Pubitemid 36429619)
166. Niemann, H., Tian, X.C., King, W.A. & Lee, R.S.F. (2008). Epige-netic reprogramming in embryonic and foetal development upon somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning. Reproduction 135, 151-163. (Pubitemid 351267386)
167. Notarianni, E., Galli, C., Laurie, S., Moor, R.M. & Evans, M.J. (1991). Derivation of pluripotent, embryonic cell lines from the pig and sheep. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 43, 255-260.
168. Notarianni, E., Laurie, S., Moor, R.M. & Evans, M.J. (1990). Maintenance and differentiation in culture of pluripotential embryonic cell lines from pig blastocysts. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 41, 51-56.
169. Nowak-Imialek, M., Kues, W.A., Petersen, B., Lucas-Hahn, A., Herrmann, D., Haridoss, S., Oropeza, M., Lemme, E., Scholer, H.R., Carnwath, J.W. & Niemann, H. (2010a).Oct4-enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic pigs: A new large animal model for reprogramming studies. Stem Cell Develop doi:10.1089/scd.2010.0399 (published online ahead of print).
170. Nowak-Imialek, M., Kues, W.A., Rudolph, C., Schlegelberger, B., Taylor, U., Carnwath, J.W. & Niemann, H. (2010b). Preferential loss of porcine chromosomes in reprogrammed interspecies cell hybrids. Cell Reprogram 12, 55-65.
171. Oback, B. & Wells, D.N. (2007). Donor cell differentiation, reprogramming, and cloning efficiency: Elusive or illusive correlation? MolReprodDev 74, 646-654. (Pubitemid 46493754)
172. Ock, S.A., Mohana-Kumar, B., Jin, H.F., Shi, L.Y., Lee, S.L., Choe, S.Y. & Rho, G.J. (2005). Establishment of porcine embryonic stem cell line derived from in vitro blastocysts. Reprod Fertil Dev 17, 238 (Abstract).
173. Oda, Y., Yoshimura, Y., Ohnishi, H., Tadokoro, M., Katsube, Y., Sasao, M., Kubo, Y., Hattori, K., Saito, S., Horimoto, K., Yuba, S. & Ohgushi, H. (2010). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from human third molar mesenchymal stromal cells. J Biol Chem 285, 29270-29278.
174. Oh, H.J., Kim, M.K., Jang, G., Kim, H.J., Hong, S.G., Park, J.E., Park, K., Park, C., Sohn, S.H., Kim, D.Y., Shin, N.S. & Lee, B.C. (2008). Cloning endangered gray wolves (Canis lupus) from somatic cells collected postmortem. Theriogenology 70, 638-647.
175. Ohmura, M., Yoshida, S., Ide, Y., Nagamatsu, G., Suda, T. & Ohbo, K. (2004). Spatial analysis of germ stem cell development in Oct-4/EGFP transgenic mice. Arch Histol Cytol 67, 285-296. (Pubitemid 40215902)
176. Okita, K., Ichisaka, T. & Yamanaka, S. (2007). Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 448, 313-317. (Pubitemid 47080336)
177. Okita, K., Nakagawa, M., Hong, H.J., Ichisaka, T. & Yamanaka, S. (2008). Generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells without viral vectors. Science 322, 949-953.
178. Onishi, A., Iwamoto, M., Akita, T., Mikawa, S., Takeda, K., Awata, T., Hanada, H. & Perry, A.C. (2000). Pig cloning by microinjection of fetal fibroblast nuclei. Science 289, 1188-1190. (Pubitemid 30650730)
179. Ozawa, A., Akasaka, E., Watanabe, S., Yoshida, M., Miyoshi, K. & Sato, M. (2010). Usefulness of a non-invasive reporter system for monitoringreprogramming state in pig cells: Results of a cell fusion experiment. J Reprod Dev 56, 363-369.
180. Pant, D. & Keefer, C.L. (2009). Expression of pluripotency-related genes during bovine inner cell mass explant culture. Cloning Stem Cells 11, 355-365.
181. Paris, D.B. & Stout, T.A. (2010). Equine embryos and embryonic stem cells: Defining reliable markers of pluripotency. Therio-genology 74, 516-524.
182. Park, K.W., Lai, L., Cheong, H.T., Cabot, R., Sun, Q.Y., Wu, G., Rucker, E.B., Durtschi, D., Bonk, A., Samuel, M., Rieke, A., Day, B.N., Murphy, C.N., Carter, D.B. & Prather, R.S. (2002). Mosaic gene expression in nuclear transfer-derived embryos and the production of cloned transgenic pigs from ear-derived fibroblasts. Biol Reprod 66, 1001-1005. (Pubitemid 34263120)
183. Park, T.S. & Han, J.Y. (2000). Derivation and characterization of pluripotent embryonic germ cells in chicken. Mol Reprod Dev 56, 475-482. (Pubitemid 30456834)
184. Pawar, S.S., Malakar, D., De, A.K & Akshey, Y.S. (2009).Stem cell-like outgrowths from in vitro fertilized goat blastocysts. Indian J Exp Biol 47, 635-642.
185. Pereira, C.F., Terranova, R., Ryan, N.K., Santos, J., Morris, K.J., Cui, W., Merkenschlager, M. & Fisher, A.G. (2008). Heterokaryon-based reprogramming of human B lymphocytes for pluripotency requires Oct4 but not Sox2. PLoS Genet 4, e1000170.
186. Petersen, B., Lucas-Hahn, A., Oropeza, M., Hornen, N., Lemme, E., Hassel, P., Queisser, A.L. & Niemann, H. (2008).Develop-ment and validation of a highly efficient protocol of porcine somatic cloning using preovulatory embryo transfer in peri-pubertal gilts. Cloning Stem Cells 10, 355-362.
187. Petkov, S.G. & Anderson, G.B. (2008). Culture of porcine embryonic germ cells in serum-supplemented and serum-free conditions: The effects of serum and growth factors on primary and long-term culture. Cloning Stem Cells 10, 263-276.
188. Piedrahita, J.A., Anderson, G.B. & Bondurant, R.H. (1990a). Influence of feeder layer type on the efficiency of isolation of porcine embryo-derived cell lines. Theriogenology 34, 865-877.
189. Piedrahita, J.A., Anderson, G.B. & Bondurant, R.H. (1990b). On the isolation of embryonic stem cells: Comparative behavior of murine, porcine and ovine embryos. Theriogenology 34, 879-901.
190. Piedrahita, J.A., Anderson, G.B., Martin, G.R., Bondurant, R.H. & Pashen, R.L. (1988). Isolation of embryonic stem cell-like colonies from porcine embryos. Theriogenology 29, 286.
191. Piedrahita, J.A., Moore, K., Oetama, B., Lee, C.K., Scales, N., Ramsoondar, J., Bazer, F.W. & Ott, T. (1998). Generation of transgenic porcine chimeras using primordial germ cell-derived colonies. Biol Reprod 58, 1321-1329. (Pubitemid 28217261)
192. Pittenger, M.F., Mackay, A.M., Beck, S.C., Jaiswal, R.K., Douglas, R., Mosca, J.D., Moorman, M.A., Simonetti, D.W., Craig, S. & Marshak, D.R. (1999). Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 284, 143-147. (Pubitemid 29282067)
193. Polejaeva, I.A., Chen, S.H., Vaught, T.D., Page, R.L., Mullins, J., Ball, S., Dai, Y., Boone, J., Walker, S., Ayares, D.L., Colman, A. & Campbell, K.H. (2000). Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells. Nature 407, 86-90.
194. Puy, L., Chuva de Sousa Lopes, S.M., Haagsman, H.P. & Ro-elen, B.A. (2010). Differentiation of porcine inner cell mass cells into proliferating neural cells. Stem Cells Dev 19, 61-70.
195. Rao, M. (2004). Conserved and divergent paths that regulate self-renewal in mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Develop Biol 275, 269-286. (Pubitemid 40288087)
196. Resnick, J.L., Bixler, L.S., Cheng, L. & Donovan, P.J. (1992). Long-term proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Nature 359, 550-551.
197. Rideout, W.M., 3rd, Hochedlinger, K., Kyba, M., Daley, G.Q. & Jaenisch, R. (2002). Correctionof a geneticdefectbynu-clear transplantation and combined cell and gene therapy. Cell 109, 17-27. (Pubitemid 34327513)
198. Rizos, D., Ward, F., Duffy, P., Boland, M.P. & Lonergan, P. (2002). Consequences of bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization or early embryo development in vitro versus in vivo: Implications for blastocyst yield and blastocyst quality. Mol Reprod Dev 61, 234-248. (Pubitemid 34037478)
199. Rui, R., Shim, H., Moyer, A.L., Anderson, D.L., Penedo, C.T., Rowe, J.D., BonDurant, R.H. & Anderson, G.B. (2004). Attempts to enhance production of porcine chimeras from embryonic germ cells and preimplantation embryos. Therio-genology 61 , 1225-1235. (Pubitemid 38300336)
200. Saito, S., Sawai, K., Ugai, H., Moriyasu, S., Minamihashi, A., Yamamoto, Y., Hirayama, H., Kageyama, S., Pan, J., Murata, T., Kobayashi, Y., Obata, Y. & Yokoyama, K.K. (2003). Generation of cloned calves and transgenic chimeric embryos from bovine embryonic stem-like cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 309, 104-113. (Pubitemid 36999765)
201. Saito, S., Strelchenko, N. & Niemann, H. (1992). Bovine embryonic stem cell-like cell lines cultured over several passages. DevelopBiol 201, 134-141.
202. Saito, S., Ugai, H., Sawai, K., Yamamoto, Y., Minamihashi, A., Kurosaka, K., Kobayashi, Y., Murata, T., Obata, Y. & Yokoyama, K.K. (2002). Isolation of embryonic stem-like cells from equine blastocysts and their differentiation in vitro. FEBS Lett 531, 389-396. (Pubitemid 35336057)
203. Serov, O., Matveeva, N., Kuznetsov, S., Kaftanovskaya, E. & Mittmann, J. (2001). Embryonic hybrid cells: A powerful tool for studying pluripotency and reprogramming of the differentiated cell chromosomes. Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias 73, 561-568.
204. Shamblott, M.J., Axelman, J., Wang, S.P., Bugg, E.M., Little-field, J.W., Donovan, P.J., Blumenthal, P.D., Huggins, G.R. & Gearhart, J.D. (1999). Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured human primoridal germ cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 1162.
205. Shi, D., Lu, F., Wei, Y., Cui, K., Yang, S., Wei, J. & Liu, Q. (2007). Buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) cloned by nuclear transfer of somatic cells. Biol Reprod 77, 285-291. (Pubitemid 47173611)
206. Shi, Y., Desponts, C., Do, J.T., Hahm, H.S., Scholer, H.R. & Ding, S. (2008). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by Oct4 and Klf4 with small-molecule compounds. Cell Stem Cell 3, 568-574.
207. Shim, H., Gutierrezadan, A., Chen, L.R., BonDurant, R.H., Behboodi, E. & Anderson, G.B. (1997). Isolation of pluripo-tent stem cells from cultured porcine primordial germ cells. Biol Reprod 57, 1089-1095. (Pubitemid 27461202)
208. Shimada, H., Nakada, A., Hashimoto, Y., Shigeno, K., Shio-noya, Y. & Nakamura, T. (2010). Generation of canine-induced pluripotent stem cells by retroviral transduction and chemical inhibitors. Mol Reprod Dev 77, 2.
209. Shin, T., Kraemer, D., Pryor, J., Liu, L., Rugila, J., Howe, L., Buck, S., Murphy, K., Lyons, L. & Westhusin, M. (2002).A cat cloned by nuclear transplantation. Nature 415, 859-860.
210. Shiue, Y.L., Liou, J.F., Shiau, J.W., Yang, J.R., Chen, Y.H., Tailiu, J.J. & Chen, L.R. (2006). In vitro culture period but not the passage number influences the capacity of chimera production of inner cell mass and its deriving cells from porcine embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 93, 134-143.
211. Silva, J., Chambers, I., Pollard, S. & Smith, A. (2006). Nanog promotes transfer of pluripotency after cell fusion. Nature 441, 997-1001. (Pubitemid 43980355)
212. Sims, M. & First, N.L. (1994). Production of calves by transfer of nuclei from cultured inner cell mass cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 6143-6147. (Pubitemid 24188299)
213. Smith, K.P., Luong, M.X. & Stein, G.S. (2009). Pluripotency: Toward a gold standard for human ES and iPS cells. J Cell Physiol 220, 21-29.
214. Smith, R.K., Korda, M., Blunn, G.W. & Goodship, A.E. (2003). Isolation and implantation of autologous equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow into the superficial digital flexor tendon as a potential novel treatment. Equine Vet J 35, 99-102. (Pubitemid 39663047)
215. Smith, R.K. & Webbon, P.M. (2005). Harnessing the stem cell for the treatment of tendon injuries: Heralding a new dawn? Br J Sports Med 39, 582-584. (Pubitemid 41265299)
216. Sommer, C.A., Stadtfeld, M., Murphy, G.J., Hochedlinger, K., Kotton, D.N. & Mostoslavsky, G. (2009). Induced pluripo-tent stem cell generation using a single lentiviral stem cell cassette. Stem Cells 27, 543-549.
217. Squires, E.L., Carnevale, E.M., McCue, P.M. & Bruemmer, J.E. (2003). Embryo technologies in the horse. Theriogenology 59, 151-170. (Pubitemid 36093462)
218. Stadtfeld, M., Brennand, K. & Hochedlinger, K. (2008a). Reprogramming of pancreatic beta cells into induced pluripo-tent stem cells. Curr Biol 18, 890-894.
219. Stadtfeld, M., Nagaya, M., Utikal, J., Weir, G. & Hochedlinger, K. (2008b). Induced pluripotent stem cells generated without viral integration. Science 322, 945-949.
220. Stice, S.L., Strelchenko, N.S., Keefer, C.L. & Matthews, L. (1996). Pluripotent bovine embryonic cell lines direct embryonic development following nuclear transfer. Biol Reprod 54, 100-110. (Pubitemid 126506804)
221. Strojek, R.M., Reed, M.A., Hoover, J.L. & Wagner, T.E. (1990). A method for cultivating morphologically undifferentiated embryonic stem cells from porcine blastocysts. Theriogenology 33, 901-913.
222. Sumer, H., Jones, K.L., Liu, J., Heffernan, C., Tat, P.A., Upton, K.R. & Verma, P.J. (2010). Reprogramming of somatic cells after fusion with induced pluripotent stem cells and nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 19, 239-246.
223. Surani, M.A. (2001). Reprogramming of genome function through epigenetic inheritance. Nature 414, 122-128. (Pubitemid 33041637)
224. Tabar, V., Tomishima, M., Panagiotakos, G., Wakayama, S., Menon, J., Chan, B., Mizutani, E., Al-Shamy, G., Ohta, H., Wakayama, T. & Studer, L. (2008). Therapeutic cloning in individual parkinsonian mice. Nat Med 14, 379-381. (Pubitemid 351499386)
225. Tada, M., Tada, T., Lefebvre, L., Barton, S.C. & Surani, M.A. (1997). Embryonic germ cells induce epigenetic reprogram-ming of somatic nucleus in hybrid cells. EMBO J 16, 6510-6520. (Pubitemid 27483276)
226. Tada, M., Takahama, Y., Abe, K., Nakatsuji, N. & Tada, T. (2001 ). Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by in vitro hybridization with ES cells. Curr Biol 11, 1553-1558. (Pubitemid 32931020)
227. Takahashi, K., Tanabe, K., Ohnuki, M., Narita, M., Ichisaka, T., Tomoda, K. & Yamanaka, S. (2007). Induction of pluripo-tent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131, 861-872. (Pubitemid 350138099)
228. Takahashi, K. & Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126, 663-676. (Pubitemid 44233629)
229. Talbot, N.C., Powell, A.M., Camp, M. & Ealy, A.D. (2007). Establishment of a bovine blastocyst-derived cell line collection for the comparative analysis of embryos created in vivo and by in vitro fertilization, somatic cell nuclear transfer, or partheno-genetic activation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 43, 59-71. (Pubitemid 46732275)
230. Talbot, N.C., Powell, A.M. & Garrett, W.M. (2002). Spontaneous differentiation of porcine and bovine embryonic stem cells (epiblast) into astrocytes or neurons. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 38, 191-197. (Pubitemid 34975841)
231. Talbot, N.C., Powell, A.M. & Rexroad, C.E., Jr. (1995). In vitro pluripotency of epiblasts derived from bovine blastocysts. Mol Reprod Dev 42, 35-52.
232. Talbot, N.C., Rexroad, C.E., Jr., Pursel, V.G. & Powell, A.M. (1993a). Alkaline phosphatase staining of pig and sheep epi-blast cells in culture. Mol Reprod Dev 36, 139-147. (Pubitemid 23294245)
233. Talbot, N.C., Rexroad, C.E., Jr., Pursel, V.G., Powell, A.M. & Nel, N.D. (1993b). Culturing the epiblast cells of the pig blastocyst. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 29A, 543-554. (Pubitemid 23239655)
234. Taranger, C.K., Noer, A., Sorensen, A.L., Hakelien, A.M., Bo-quest, A.C. & Collas, P. (2005). Induction of dedifferentia-tion, genomewide transcriptional programming, and epigenetic reprogramming by extracts of carcinoma and embryonic stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 16, 5719-5735. (Pubitemid 41752221)
235. Tat, P.A., Sumer, H., Jones, K.L., Upton, K. & Verma, P.J. (2010). The efficient generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from adult mouse adipose tissue-derived and neural stem cells. Cell Transplant 19, 525-536.
236. Tegelenbosch, R.A. & de Rooij, D.G. (1993). A quantitative study of spermatogonial multiplication and stem cell renewal in the C3H/101 F1 hybrid mouse. Mutat Res 290, 193-200. (Pubitemid 23355130)
237. Telugu, B.P., Ezashi, T. & Roberts, R.M. (2010). The promise of stem cell research in pigs and other ungulate species. Stem Cell Rev 6, 31-41.
238. Thomson, J.A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Shapiro, S.S., Waknitz, M.A., Swiergiel, J.J., Marshall, V.S. & Jones, J.M. (1998). Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282, 1145-1147. (Pubitemid 28516247)
239. Thomson, J.A., Kalishman, J., Golos, T.G., Durning, M., Harris, C.P., Becker, R.A. & Hearn, J.P. (1995). Isolation of a primate embryonic stem cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 7844-7848.
240. Tsung, H.C., Du, Z.W., Rui, R., Li, X.L., Bao, L.P., Wu, J., Bao, S.M. & Yao, Z. (2003). The culture and establishment of embryonic germ (EG) cell lines from Chinese mini swine. Cell Res 13, 195-202. (Pubitemid 43225261)
241. Vackova, I. & Madrova, J. (2006). Porcine embryonic stem-like cells, an animal model for human stem cell therapy. Hum Reprod 21 (S1), 163 (Abstract).
242. Vackova, I., Ungrova, A. & Lopes, F. (2007). Putative embryonic stem cell lines from pig embryos. J Reprod Dev 53, 1137-1149. (Pubitemid 351198635)
243. Van de Velde, H., Cauffman, G., Tournaye, H., Devroey, P. & Liebaers, I. (2008). The fourblastomeres of a 4-cell stage human embryo are able to develop individually into blastocysts with inner cell mass and trophectoderm. Hum Reprod 23, 1742-1747. (Pubitemid 352020017)
244. Van Stekelenburg-Hamers, A.E., Van Achterberg, T.A., Rebel, H.G., Flechon, J.E., Campbell, K.H., Weima, S.M. & Mummery, C.L. (1995). Isolation and characterization of permanent cell lines from inner cell mass cells of bovine blastocysts. Mol Reprod Dev 40, 444-454.
245. Vassiliev, I., Vassilieva, S., Beebe, L.F., Harrison, S.J., McIl-fatrick, S.M. & Nottle, M.B. (2010a). In vitro and in vivo characterization of putative porcine embryonic stem cells. Cell Reprogram 12, 223-230.
246. Vassiliev, I., Vassilieva, S., Beebe, L.F., McIlfatrick, S.M., Harrison, S.J. & Nottle, M.B. (2010b). Development of culture conditions for the isolation of pluripotent porcine embryonal outgrowths from in vitro produced and in vivo derived embryos. J Reprod Dev56, 546-551.
247. Wadman, M. (2007). Cloning special: Dolly: A decade on. Nature 445, 800-801.
248. Wakayama, S., Ohta, H., Kishigami, S., Van Thuan, N., Hiki-chi, T., Mizutani, E., Miyake, M. & Wakayama, T. (2005). Establishment of male and female nuclear transfer embryonic stem cell lines from different mouse strains and tissues. Biol Reprod 72, 932-936. (Pubitemid 40404268)
249. Wakayama, T., Perry, A.C., Zuccotti, M., Johnson, K.R. & Yanagimachi, R. (1998). Full-term development of mice from enucleated oocytes injected with cumulus cell nuclei. Nature 394, 369-374. (Pubitemid 28373832)
250. Wakayama, T., Tabar, v., Rodriguez, I., Perry, A.C., Studer, L. & Mombaerts, P. (2001). Differentiation of embryonic stem cell lines generated from adult somatic cells by nuclear transfer. Science 292, 740-743. (Pubitemid 32385547)
251. Wang, L., Duan, E., Sung, L.Y., Jeong, B.S., Yang, X. & Tian, X.C. (2005). Generation and characterization of pluripotent stem cells from cloned bovine embryos. Biol Reprod 73, 149-155. (Pubitemid 40863609)
252. Wani, N.A., Wernery, U., Hassan, F.A.H., Wernery, R. & Skid-more, J.A. (2010). Production of the first cloned camel by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Biol Reprod 82, 373-379.
253. Webster, N.L., Forni, M., Bacci, M.L., Giovannoni, R., Razzini, R., Fantinati, P., Zannoni, A., Fusetti, L., Dalpra, L., Bianco, M.R., Papa, M., Seren, E., Sandrin, M.S., McKenzie, I.F. & Lavitrano, M. (2005). Multi-transgenic pigs expressing three fluorescent proteins produced with high efficiency by sperm mediated gene transfer. Mol Reprod Dev 72, 68-76. (Pubitemid 41026308)
254. Wells, D.N., Misica, P.m., Day, T.A. & Tervit, H.R. (1997). Production of cloned lambs from an established embryonic cell line: A comparison between in vivo-and in vitro-matured cytoplasts. Biol Reprod 57, 385-393. (Pubitemid 27343699)
255. Wen, J., Liu, J., Song, G., Liu, L., Tang, B. & Li, Z. (2010). Effects of BIO on maintaining pluripotency ofporcine EG cells in combination with SCF, LIF and FGF. Reproduction 139, 1039-1046.
256. Wernig, M., Meissner, A., Foreman, R., Brambrink, T., Ku, M., Hochedlinger, K., Bernstein, B.E. & Jaenisch, R. (2007). In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state. Nature 448, 318-324. (Pubitemid 47080337)
257. West, F.D., Terlouw, S.L., Kwon, D.J., Mumaw, J.L., Dhara, S.K., Hasneen, K., Dobrinsky, J.R. & Sticem, S.L. (2010). Porcineinduced pluripotent stem cells produce chimeric offspring. Stem Cells Dev 19, 1211-1220.
258. Wheeler, M.B. (1994). Development and validation of swine embryonic stem cells: A review. Reprod Fertil Dev 6, 563-568.
259. Wianny, F., Perreau, C. & Hochereau de Reviers, M.T. (1997). Proliferation and differentiation of porcine inner cell mass and epiblast in vitro. Biol Reprod 57, 756-764. (Pubitemid 27407193)
260. Wilmut, I., Schnieke, A.E., McWhir, J., Kind, A.J. & Campbell, K.H. (1997). Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 385, 810-813. (Pubitemid 27106068)
261. Woods, G.L., White, K.L., Vanderwall, D.K., Li, G.P., Aston, K.I., Bunch, T.D., Meerdo, L.N. & Pate, B.J. (2003). A mule cloned from fetal cells by nuclear transfer. Science 301, 1063. (Pubitemid 37022301)
262. Wrenzycki, C., Herrmann, D. & Niemann, H. (2007). Messenger RNA in oocytes and embryos in relation to embryo viability. Theriogenology 68(S1), 77-83.
263. Wrobel, K.H. & Suss, F. (1998). Identification and temporospatial distribution of bovine primordial germ cells prior to gonadal sexual differentiation. Anat Embryol (Berl) 197, 451-467. (Pubitemid 28287057)
264. Wu, D., Hamilton, B., Martin, C., Gao, Y., Ye, M. & Yao, S. (2009a). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells by repro-gramming human fibroblasts with the stemgent human TF lentivirus set. J Vis Exp 34, pii: 1553. doi: 10.3791/1553.
265. Wu, Z., Chen, J., Ren, J., Bao, L., Liao, J., Chun, C., Rao, L., Li, H., Gu, Y., Dai, H., Zhu, H., Teng, X., Cheng, L. & Xiao, L. (2009b). Generation of pig-induced pluripotent stem cells with a drug-inducible system. J Mol Cell Biol 1, 46-54.
266. Wuensch, A., Habermann, F.A., Kurosaka, S., Klose, R., Za-khartchenko, V., Reichenbach, H.D., Sinowatz, F., McLaughlin, K.J. & Wolf, E. (2007). Quantitative monitoring of pluripotency gene activation after somatic cloning in cattle. Biol Reprod 76, 983-991. (Pubitemid 46835006)
267. Xu, Y.N., Guan, N., Wang, Z.D., Shan, Z.Y., Shen, J.L., Zhang, Q.H., Jin, L.H. & Lei, L. (2009). ES cell extract-induced expression of pluripotent factors in somatic cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 292, 1229-1234.
268. Yadav, P.S., Kues, W.A., Herrmann, D., Carnwath, J.W. & Niemann, H. (2005). Bovine ICM derived cells express the Oct4 ortholog. MolReprodDev72, 182-190. (Pubitemid 41099407)
269. Yang, J.R., Liao, C.H., Pang, C.Y., Huang, L.L., Lin, Y.T., Chen, Y.L., Shiue, Y.L. & Chen, L.R. (2010). Directed differentiation into neural lineages and therapeutic potential of porcine embryonic stem cells in rat Parkinson's disease model. Cell Repro-gram 12, 447-461.
270. Yang, W., Ge, X., Hua, J., Shen, W. & Dou, Z. (2006).Improved isolation and culture of embryonic germ cells from guanzhong dairy goat. Agr Sci China 5, 550-557.
271. Ye, Z., Zhan, H., Mali, P., Dowey, S., Williams, D.M., Jang, Y.Y., Dang, C.V., Spivak, J.L., Moliterno, A.R. & Cheng, L. (2009). Human-induced pluripotent stem cells from blood cells of healthy donors and patients with acquired blood disorders. Blood 114, 5473-5480.
272. Yeom, Y.I., Fuhrmann, G., Ovitt, C.E., Brehm, A., Ohbo, K., Gross, M., Hubner, K. & Scholer, H.R. (1996). Germline regulatory element of Oct-4 specific for the totipotent cycle of embryonal cells. Development 122, 881-894. (Pubitemid 26095994)
273. Yoshimizu, T., Sugiyama, N., De Felice, M., Yeom, Y.I., Ohbo, K., Masuko, K., Obinata, M., Abe, K., Scholer, H.R. & Matsui, Y. (1999). Germline-specific expression of the Oct-4/green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene in mice. Dev Growth Differ 41, 675-684. (Pubitemid 30026664)
274. Yu, J., Hu, K., Smuga-Otto, K., Tian, S., Stewart, R., Slukvin, I.I. & Thomson, J.A. (2009a). Human induced pluripotent stem cells free of vector and transgene sequences. Science 324, 797-801.
275. Yu, J., Vodyanik, M.A., He, P., Slukvin, I.I. & Thomson, J.A. (2006). Human embryonic stem cells reprogram myeloid precursors following cell-cell fusion. Stem Cells 24, 168-176.
276. Yu, J., Vodyanik, M.A., Smuga-Otto, K., Antosiewicz-Bourget, J., Frane, J.L., Tian, S., Nie, J., Jonsdottir, G.A., Ruotti, v., Stewart, R., Slukvin, I.I. & Thomson, J.A. (2007). Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 318, 1917-1920.
277. Yu, Y., Mai, Q., Chen, X., Wang, L., Gao, L., Zhou, C. & Zhou, Q. (2009b). Assessment of the developmental competence of human somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by oocyte morphology classification. Hum Reprod 24, 649-657.
278. Yusa, K., Rad, R., Takeda, J. & Bradley, A. (2009). Generation of transgene-free induced pluripotent mouse stem cells by the piggyBac transposon. Nat Methods 6, 363-369.
279. Zhao, X.Y., Li, W., Lv, Z., Liu, L., Tong, M., Hai, T., Hao, J., Guo, C.L., Ma, Q.W., Wang, L., Zeng, F. & Zhou, Q. (2009). iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation. Nature 461, 86-90.
280. Zhao, X.Y., Li, W., Lv, Z., Liu, L., Tong, M., Hai, T., Hao, J., Wang, X., Wang, L., Zeng, F. & Zhou, Q. (2010). Viable fertile mice generated from fully pluripotent iPS cells derived from adult somatic cells. Stem Cell Rev 6, 390-397.
281. Zhou, H.Y., Wu, S.L., Joo, J.Y., Zhu, S.Y., Han, D.W., Lin, T.X., Trauger, S., Bien, G., Yao, S., Zhu, Y., Siuzdak, G., Scholer, H.R., Duan, L.X. & Ding, S. (2009). Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant proteins. Cell Stem Cell 4, 381-384.
282. Zhou, Q., Renard, J.P., Friec, G., Brochard, v., Beaujean, N., Cherifi, Y., Fraichard, A. & Cozzi, J. (2003). Generation of fertile cloned rats using controlled timing of oocyte activation. Science 302, 1179. (Pubitemid 37421015)
283. Zhou, W. & Freed, C.R. (2009). Adenoviral gene delivery can reprogram human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 27, 2667-2674.
284. Zhu, H., Craig, J.A., Dyce, P.W., Sunnen, N. & Li, J. (2004). Embryos derived from porcine skin-derived stem cells exhibit enhanced preimplantation development. Biol Reprod 71, 1890-1897. (Pubitemid 39586933)
285. Zhu, S.X., Sun, Z. & Zhang, J.P. (2007). Ovine (Ovis aries) blastula from an in vitro production system and isolation of primary embryonic stem cells. Zygote 15, 35-41. (Pubitemid 46184175)