Theorising the hidden enterprise culture: The nature of entrepreneurship in the shadow economy

International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 334-348

  Williams, Colin C ^a   Nadin, Sara ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Business start up; England; Enterprise culture; Enterprise development; Entrepreneurship; Informal sector; Shadow economy; Tax non compliance; Underground economy

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054891734     PISSN: 14761297     EISSN: 17418054     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2011.042757     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Amin, A., Cameron, A. and Hudson, R. (2002) Placing the Social Economy, Routledge, London
2. Anderson, A.R. and Starnawska, M. (2008) 'Research practices in entrepreneurship: problems of definition, description and meaning', International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp.221-230
3. Antonopoulos, G. and Mitra, J. (2009) 'The hidden enterprise of bootlegging cigarettes out of Greece: two schemes of illegal entrepreneurship', Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.1-8
4. Armstrong, P. (2005) Critique of Entrepreneurship: People and Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke
5. Bhide, A. and Stevenson, H. (1990) 'Why be honest if honesty doesn't pay?', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 5, pp.121-129
6. Biles, J. (2009) 'Informal work in Latin America: competing perspectives and recent debates', Geography Compass, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.214-236
7. Bouchard, M. and Dion, C. (2009) 'Growers and facilitators: probing the role of entrepreneurs in the development of the cannabis cultivation industry', Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.25-38
8. Castells, M. and Portes, A. (1989) 'World underneath: the origins, dynamics and effects of the informal economy', in Portes, A., Castells, M. and Benton, L.A. (Eds.): The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developing Countries, pp.1-19, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
9. Charmes, J. (2009) 'Concepts, measurement and trends', in Jütting, J.P. and Laiglesia, J.R. (Eds.): Is Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries, pp.1-24, OECD, Paris
10. Collins, O.F., Moore, D.G. and Unwalla, B.B. (1964) The Enterprising Man, Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing
11. Davis, M. (2006) Planet of Slums, Verso, London
12. De Soto, H. (1989) The Other Path, Harper and Row, London
13. De Soto, H. (2001) The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, Black Swan, London
14. Evans, M., Syrett, S. and Williams, C.C. (2006) Informal Economic Activities and Deprived Neighbourhoods, Department of Communities and Local Government, London
15. Fournier, V. (1998) 'Stories of development and exploitation: militant voices in an enterprise culture', Organization, Vol. 61, pp.107-128
16. Friman, H. (2001) 'Informal economies, immigrant entrepreneurship and drug crime in Japan', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.313-333 (Pubitemid 32325265)
17. Frith, K. and McElwee, G. (2008) 'An emergent entrepreneur? A story of a drug dealer in a restricted entrepreneurial environment', Society and Business Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.270-286
18. Frith, K. and McElwee, G. (2009) 'Value-adding and value-extracting entrepreneurship at the margins', Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.39-54
19. Gallin, D. (2001) 'Propositions on trade unions and informal employment in time of globalization', Antipode, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp.531-549
20. Geertz, C. (1963) Old Societies and New States: The Quest for Modernity in Asia and Africa, Free Press, Glencoe, IL
21. Gilbert, A. (1998) The Latin American City, Latin American Bureau, London
22. Gurtoo, A. and Williams, C.C. (2009) 'Entrepreneurship and the informal sector: some lessons from India', International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.55-62
23. Harding, R., Brooksbank, D., Hart, M., Jones-Evans, D., Levie, J., O'Reilly, J. and Walker, J. (2006) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor United Kingdom 2005, London Business School, London
24. ILO (2002) Decent Work and the Informal Economy, International Labour Office, Geneva
25. Jones, C. and Spicer, A. (2009) Unmasking the Entrepreneur, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham
26. Jütting, J.P. and Laiglesia, J.R. (2009) 'Employment, poverty reduction and development: what's new?', in Jütting, J.P. and Laiglesia, J.R. (Eds.): Is Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries, OECD, Paris
27. Kets de Vries, M. (1977) 'The entrepreneurial personality: a person at the crossroads', Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 5, pp.34-57
28. Kudva, N. (2009) 'The everyday and the episodic: the spatial and political impacts of urban informality', Environment and Planning A, Vol. 41, pp.1614-1628
29. Lewis, A. (1959) The Theory of Economic Growth, Allen and Unwin, London
30. Llanes, M. and Barbour, A. (2007) Self-employed and Micro-entrepreneurs: Informal Trading and the Journey Towards Formalization, Community Links, London
31. MacDonald, R. (1994) 'Fiddly jobs, undeclared working and the something for nothing society', Work, Employment and Society, Vol. 8, pp.507-530
32. Maloney, W.F. (2004) 'Informality revisited', World Development, Vol. 32, No. 7, pp.1159-1178 (Pubitemid 38804539)
33. McCormick, D. (1998) 'Fundis and formality: very small manufacturers in Nairobi', in M. Schatzberg (Ed.): The Political Economy of Kenya, pp.141-164, Praeger, New York
34. Minniti, M., Bygrave, W. and Autio, E. (2006) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2005 Executive Report, London Business School, London
35. ODPM (2000) Index of Multiple Deprivation, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, London
36. Packard, T. (2007) Do Workers in Chile Choose Informal Employment? A Dynamic Analysis of Sector Choice, World Bank Latin American and the Caribbean Region Social Projection Unit, Washington DC
37. Pahl, R.E. (1984) Divisions of Labour, Blackwell, Oxford
38. Perry, G.E. and Maloney, W.F. (2007) 'Overview: informality - exit and exclusion', in Perry, G.E., Maloney, W.F., Arias, O.S., Fajnzylber, P., Mason, A.D. and Saavedra-Chanduvi, J. (Eds.): Informality: Exit and Exclusion, World Bank, Washington DC
39. Persson, A. and Malmer, H. (2006) Purchasing and Performing Informal Employment in Sweden: Part 1: Results from Various Studies, Skatteverket, Malmo
40. Portes, A. (1994) 'The informal economy and its paradoxes', in Smelser, N.J. and Swedberg, R. (Eds.): The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Princeton University Press, Princeton
41. Ram, M., Edwards, P. and Jones, T. (2007) 'Staying underground: informal work, small firms and employment regulation in the United Kingdom', Work and Occupations, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp.318-344
42. Rehn, A. and Taalas, S. (2004) 'Znakomstva I Svyazi!' [Acquaintances and connections]: Blat, the Soviet Union and mundane entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp.235-250
43. Renooy, P., Ivarsson, S., van der Wusten-Gritsai, O. and Meijer, R. (2004) Undeclared Work in an Enlarged Union: An Analysis of Shadow Work - An In-depth Study of Specific Items, European Commission, Brussels
44. Reynolds, P., Bygrave, W., Autio, E. and Hay, M. (2002) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2002 Executive Monitor, London Business School, London
45. Round, J. and Williams, C.C. (2008) 'Everyday tactics and spaces of power: the role of informal economies in post-Soviet Ukraine', Social and Cultural Geography, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp.171-185
46. Schneider, F. (2008) (Ed.) The Hidden Economy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham
47. Sköld, D. and Rehn, A. (2007) 'Makin' it, by keeping it real: street talk, rap music and the forgotten entrepreneurship from the 'hood'', Group and Organization Management, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp.50-78
48. Small Business Council (2004) Small Business in the Informal Economy: Making the Transition to the Formal Economy, Small Business Council, London
49. Small Business Service (SBS) (2006) Small Business Survey, 2005, Small Business Service, Sheffield
50. Smith, R. (2007) 'Special issue: Listening to the voices from the margins of entrepreneurship', International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.245-250
51. Smith, R. and Christou, M. (2009) 'Extracting value from their environment: some observations on pimping and prostitution as entrepreneurship', Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.69-84
52. Snyder, K. (2004) 'Routes to the informal economy in New York's East village: crisis, economics and identity', Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 47, pp.215-240
53. Storr, V. and Butkevich, B. (2007) 'Subalternity and entrepreneurship: tales of marginalized but enterprising characters, oppressive settings and haunting plots', International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.251-260
54. Valenzuela, A. (2001) 'Day labourers as entrepreneurs', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.335-352
55. Whitson, R. (2007) 'Hidden struggles: spaces of power and resistance in informal work in urban Argentina', Environment and Planning A, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp.2916-2934
56. Williams, C.C. (2004) Cash-in-Hand Work: The Underground Sector and Hidden Economy of Favours, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke
57. Williams, C.C. (2006) The Hidden Enterprise Culture: Entrepreneurship in the Underground Economy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham
58. Williams, C.C. (2007) 'Entrepreneurs operating in the informal economy: necessity or opportunity driven?', Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp.309-320
59. Williams, C.C. (2008) 'Beyond necessity-driven versus opportunity-driven entrepreneurship: a study of informal entrepreneurs in England, Russia and Ukraine', International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.157-166
60. Williams, C.C. (2009) 'Beyond legitimate entrepreneurship: the prevalence of off-the-books entrepreneurs in Ukraine', Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 22. No. 1, pp.55-68.