Online exposure for spider phobia: Continuous versus intermittent exposure

Behaviour Change

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 143-155

  Matthews, Allison J ^a   Wong, Zee H ^a   Scanlan, Joel D ^a   Kirkby, Ken C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Exposure treatment; Habituation; Internet; Online interventions; Spider phobia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEAR; FEMALE; HABITUATION; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; ONLINE ANALYSIS; PHOBIA; QUESTIONNAIRE; RATING SCALE; SPIDER; SPIDER PHOBIA;

EID: 80054865052     PISSN: 08134839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1375/bech.28.3.143     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T.S., Bryson, H., Vollebergh, W.A.M. (2004). Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: Results from the European study of the epidemiology. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109, 21-27.
2. Andrews, G., Henderson, S., & Hall, W. (2001). Prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service utilisation: Overview of the Australian National Mental Health Survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 145-153.
3. Bornas, X., Tortella-Feliu, M., & Llabrés, J. (2006). Do all treatments work for flight phobia? Computer-assisted exposure versus a brief multicomponent nonexposure treatment. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 41-50.
4. Bornas, X., Tortella-Feliu, M., Llabrés, J., & Fullana, M.A. (2001). Computer-assisted exposure treatment for flight phobia: A controlled study. Psychotherapy Research, 11, 259-273.
5. Bornas, X., Tortella-Feliu, M., Llabrés, J., Mühlberger, A., Pauli, P., & Barceló, F. (2002). Clinical usefulness of a simulated exposure treatment for fear of flying. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 2, 247-262.
6. Botella, C., Quero, S., Banos, R.M., Garcia-Palacios, A., Breton-Lopez, J., Alcañiz, M., Fabregat, S. (2008). Telepsychology and self-help: The treatment of phobias using the internet. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11, 659-664.
7. Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2006). Internet and psychological treatment. How well can it be combined? Computers in Human Behavior, 22, 545-553.
8. Chaplin, E., & Levine, B. (1981). The effects of total exposure duration and interrupted versus continuous exposure in flooding therapy. Behaviour Therapy, 12, 360-368.
9. Christensen, H., Griffiths, K.M., & Farrer, L. (2009). Adherence in internet interventions for anxiety and depression: Systematic review. Journal of Medical and Internet Research, 11, e13.
10. Christensen, H., Griffiths, K.M., Korten, A.E., Brittliffe, K., & Groves, C. (2004). A comparison of changes in anxiety and depression symptoms of spontaneous users and trial participants of a cognitive behavior therapy website. Journal of Medical and Internet Research, 6, e46.
11. Coldwell, S., Getz, T., Milgrom, P., Prall, C., Spadafora, A., & Ramsay, D. (1998). CARL: A Lab/VIEW 3 computer program for conducting exposure therapy for the treatment of dental injection fear. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 429-441.
12. Craske, M.G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008). Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 5-27.
13. Farvolden, P., Denisoff, E., Selby, P., Bagby, R., & Rudy, L. (2005). Usage and longitudinal effectiveness of a web-based self-help cognitive behavioral therapy program for panic disorder. Journal of Medical and Internet Research, 7, e7.
14. Foa, E.B., & Kozak, M.J. (1985). Treatment of anxiety disorders: Implications for psychopathology. In A.H. Tuma & J. Maser (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 421-452). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
15. Fyer, A.J. (1998). Current approaches to etiology and pathophysiology of specific phobia. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 1295-1304.
16. Ghosh, A., & Greist, J. H. (1988). Computer treatment in psychiatry. Psychiatric Annals, 18, 246-250.
17. Gilroy, L.J., Kirkby, K.C., Daniels, B.A., Menzies, R.G., & Montgomery, I.M. (2000). Controlled comparison of computer-aided vicarious exposure versus live exposure in the treatment of spider phobia. Behavior Therapy, 31, 733-744.
18. Greist, J.H. (1989). Computer-administered behavior therapies. International Review of Psychiatry, 1, 267-274.
19. Grey, S., Rachman, S., & Sartory, G. (1981). Return of fear: The role of inhibition. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 19, 135-143.
20. Hoffman, H.G., Garcia-Palacios, A., Carlin, A., Furness, T.A., & Botella-Arbona, C. (2003). Interfaces that heal: Coupling real and virtual objects to treat spider phobia. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 16, 283-300.
21. Hope, D.A., & Heimberg, R.G. (1993). Social phobia and social anxiety. In D.H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders (pp. 99-136). New York: The Guildford Press.
22. Huijding, J., & de Jong, P.J. (2006). Specific predictive power of automatic spider-related affective associations for controllable and uncontrollable fear responses toward spiders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 161-176.
23. Johnstone, K.A., & Page, A.C. (2004). Attention to phobic stimuli during exposure: the effect of distraction on anxiety reduction, self-efficacy and perceived control. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 249-275.
24. Kenwright, M., Liness, S., & Marks, M. (2001). Reducing demands on clinicians by offering computer-aided self-help for phobia/panic. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 456-459.
25. Kenwright, M., Marks, I., Gega, L., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2004). Computer-aided self-help for phobia/panic via internet at home: A pilot study. British Journal of Psychiatry 184, 448-449.
26. Krijn, M., Emmelkamp, P.M.G., Olafsson, R.P., & Biemond, R. (2004). Virtual reality exposure therapy of anxiety disorders: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 259-281.
27. Lépine, J. (2002). The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: prevalence and societal costs. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63, 4-8.
28. Marks, I. (1998). Computer-aided treatments of mental health problems. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 151-170.
29. Marks, I., Kenwright, M., McDonough, M., Whittaker, M., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2004). Saving clinicians' time by delegating routine aspects of therapy to a computer: A randomized controlled trial in phobia/panic disorder. Psychological Medicine, 34, 9-18.
30. Marshall, W.L. (1985). The effects of variable exposure in flooding therapy. Behavior Therapy, 16, 117-135.
31. Matthews, A., & Kirkby, K. (in press). Online exposure for spider fear: Treatment completion and habituation outcomes. Behaviour Change.
32. Myers, K. M., & Davis, M. (2007). Mechanisms of fear extinction. Molecular Psychiatry, 12, 120-150.
33. Nelissen, I., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1995). Computerized exposure and in vivo exposure treatments of spider fear in children: Two case reports. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 153-156.
34. Öst, L.-G. (1997). Rapid treatment of specific phobias. In G.C.L. Davey (Ed.), Phobias. A handbook of theory, research and treatment (pp. 227-246). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
35. Rabavilas, A., Boulougouris, J., & Stefanis, C. (1976). Duration of flooding sessions in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14, 349-355.
36. Rachman, S., & Lopatka, C. (1988). Return of fear: Underlearning and overlearning. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 99-104.
37. Rachman, S., Robinson, S., & Lopatka, C. (1987). Is incomplete fear-reduction followed by a return of fear? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 25(1), 67-69.
38. Reger, M. A., & Gahm, G. A. (2009). A meta-analysis of the effects of Internet- and computerbased cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 53-75.
39. Ritterband, L.M., Gonder-Frederick, L.A., Cox, D.J., Clifton, A.D., West, R.W., & Borowitz, S.M. (2003). Internet interventions: In review, in use, and into the future. Professional Psychology, 34, 527-534.
40. Ross, S., & Proctor, S. (1973). Frequency and duration of hierarchy item exposure in a systematc desensitization analogue. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11, 303-312.
41. Rowe, M.K., & Craske, M.G. (1998). Effects of varied-stimulus exposure training on fear reduction and return of fear. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 719-734.
42. Rubin, S., Spates, C.R., Johnson, D., & Jouppi, L. (2009). Dosed versus prolonged exposure in the treatment of fear: An experimental evaluation and review of behavioral mechanisms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 806-812.
43. Smith, K.L., Kirkby, K.C., Montgomery, I.M., & Daniels, B.A. (1997). Computer-delivered modelling of exposure for spider phobia: Relevant versus irrelevant exposure. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 489-497.
44. Somers, J. M., Goldner, E.M., Waraich, P., & Hsu, L. (2006). Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 100-113.
45. Stern, R., & Marks, I. (1973). Brief and prolonged flooding: A comparison in agoraphobic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 28, 270-276.
46. Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chow, S. P., Smith, S., Goldstein, R. B., Ruan, J., et al. (2007). The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychological Medicine, 37, 1047-1059.
47. Szymanski, J., & O'Donohue, W. (1995). Fear of Spiders Questionnaire. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 31-34.
48. Vansteenwegen, D., Vervliet, B., Iberico, C., Baeyns, F., Van den Bergh, O., & Hermans, D. (2007). The repeated confrontation with videotapes of spiders in multiple contexts attenuates renewal of fear in spider-anxious students. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1169-1179.
49. Veltman, D.J., Tuinebreijer, W.E., Winkelman, D., Lammertsma, A.A., Witter, M.P., Dolan, R.J., & Emmelkamp, P.M. (2004). Neurophysiological correlates of habituation during exposure in spider phobia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 132, 149-158.
50. Watts, F.N., & Sharrock, R. (1984). Questionnaire dimensions of spider phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 575-580.
51. Wells, J.E., Browne, M.A.O., Scott, K.M., McGee, M.A., Baxter, J., & Kokaua, J. (2006). Prevalence, interference with life and severity of 12 month DSM-IV disorders in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 845-854.