Recommendations on basic requirements for intensive care units: Structural and organizational aspects

Intensive Care Medicine

Volumn 37, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 1575-1587

  Valentin, Andreas ^a   Ferdinande, Patrick ^b  

^a KRANKENANSTALT RUDOLFSTIFTUNG   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Consensus paper; Intensive care medicine; Organization; Quality of care; Structural requirements

Indexed keywords

ADVISORY COMMITTEE; ARCHITECTURE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CONSENSUS; EQUIPMENT; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; HOSPITAL PLANNING; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; ORGANIZATION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PHYSICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT;

HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS;

EID: 80054860896     PISSN: 03424642     EISSN: 14321238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2300-7     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Ferdinande P (1997) Recommendations on minimal requirements for intensive care departments. Members of the Task Force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 23:226-232 (Pubitemid 27110402)
2. Brilli RJ, Spevetz A, Branson RD, Campbell GM, Cohen H, Dasta JF, Harvey MA, Kelley MA, Kelly KM, Rudis MI, St Andre AC, Stone JR, Teres D, Weled BJ (2001) Critical care delivery in the intensive care unit: Defining clinical roles and the best practice model. Crit Care Med 29:2007-2019 (Pubitemid 32980416)
3. Multz AS, Chalfin DB, Samson IM, Dantzker DR, Fein AM, Steinberg HN, Niederman MS, Scharf SM (1998) A "closed" medical intensive care unit (MICU) improves resource utilization when compared with an "open" MICU. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:1468-1473
4. [No authors listed] (1995) Guidelines for intensive care unit design. Guidelines/Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 23:582-588
5. College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (2010) Minimum standards for intensive care units. http://www.cicm.org.au
6. Hasin Y, Danchin N, Filippatos GS, Heras M, Janssens U, Leor J, Nahir M, Parkhomenko A, Thygesen K, Tubaro M, Wallentin LC, Zakke I (2005) Recommendations for the structure, organization, and operation of intensive cardiac care units. Eur Heart J 26:1676-1682 (Pubitemid 41389700)
7. Ferrer R, Artigas A, Levy MM, Blanco J, Gonzalez-Diaz G, Garnacho-Montero J, Ibanez J, Palencia E, Quintana M, De la Torre-Prados MV (2008) Improvement in process of care and outcome after a multicenter severe sepsis educational program in Spain. JAMA 299:2294-2303 (Pubitemid 351724396)
8. Ramnarayan P, Thiru K, Parslow RC, Harrison DA, Draper ES, Rowan KM (2010) Effect of specialist retrieval teams on outcomes in children admitted to paediatric intensive care units in England and Wales: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 376:698-704
9. Minvielle E, Dervaux B, Retbi A, Aegerter P, Boumendil A, Jars- Guincestre MC, Tenaillon A, Guidet B (2005) Culture, organization, and management in intensive care: Construction and validation of a multidimensional questionnaire. J Crit Care 20:126-138 (Pubitemid 41219633)
10. Minvielle E, Aegerter P, Dervaux B, Boumendil A, Retbi A, Jars-Guincestre MC, Guidet B (2008) Assessing organizational performance in intensive care units: A French experience. J Crit Care 23:236-244
11. Shortell SM, Rousseau DM, Gillies RR, Devers KJ, Simons TL (1991) Organizational assessment in intensive care units (ICUs): Construct development, reliability, and validity of the ICU nurse-physician questionnaire. Med Care 29:709-726
12. Bertolini G, Rossi C, Brazzi L, Radrizzani D, Rossi G, Arrighi E, Simini B (2003) The relationship between labour cost per patient and the size of intensive care units: A multicentre prospective study. Intensive Care Med 29:2307-2311 (Pubitemid 38030685)
13. Jacobs R, Dawson D (2003) Hospital efficiency targets. Health Econ 12:669-684 (Pubitemid 37038362)
14. Kahn JM, Goss CH, Heagerty PJ, Kramer AA, O'Brien CR, Rubenfeld GD (2006) Hospital volume and the outcomes of mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 355:41-50
15. Lecuyer L, Chevret S, Guidet B, Aegerter P, Martel P, Schlemmer B, Azoulay E (2008) Case volume and mortality in haematological patients with acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 32:748-754
16. Pronovost PJ, Jenckes MW, Dorman T, Garrett E, Breslow MJ, Rosenfeld BA, Lipsett PA, Bass E (1999) Organizational characteristics of intensive care units related to outcomes of abdominal aortic surgery. JAMA 281:1310-1317 (Pubitemid 29174483)
17. [No authors listed] (1994) Guidelines for training in intensive care medicine. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 20:80-81
18. Landrigan CP, Rothschild JM, Cronin JW, Kaushal R, Burdick E, Katz JT, Lilly CM, Stone PH, Lockley SW, Bates DW, Czeisler CA (2004) Effect of reducing interns' work hours on serious medical errors in intensive care units. N Engl J Med 351:1838-1848 (Pubitemid 39426319)
19. Arnedt JT, Owens J, Crouch M, Stahl J, Carskadon MA (2005) Neurobehavioral performance of residents after heavy night call vs after alcohol ingestion. JAMA 294:1025-1033 (Pubitemid 41248443)
20. Barger LK, Cade BE, Ayas NT, Cronin JW, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Czeisler CA (2005) Extended work shifts and the risk of motor vehicle crashes among interns. N Engl J Med 352:125-134 (Pubitemid 40096609)
21. Vagts D (2007) Ärztliche Personalbedarfsermittlung in der Intensivmedizin. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 4:306-311
22. Dimick JB, Pronovost PJ, Heitmiller RF, Lipsett PA (2001) Intensive care unit physician staffing is associated with decreased length of stay, hospital cost, and complications after esophageal resection. Crit Care Med 29:753-758 (Pubitemid 32299712)
23. Pronovost PJ, Angus DC, Dorman T, Robinson KA, Dremsizov TT, Young TL (2002) Physician staffing patterns and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: A systematic review. JAMA 288:2151-2162 (Pubitemid 35276516)
24. Burchardi H, Moerer O (2001) Twentyfour hour presence of physicians in the ICU. Crit Care 5:131-137 (Pubitemid 32591222)
25. Morales IJ, Peters SG, Afessa B (2003) Hospital mortality rate and length of stay in patients admitted at night to the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 31:858-863 (Pubitemid 36379596)
26. Finkielman JD, Morales J, Peters SG, Keegan MT, Ensminger SA, Lymp JF, Afessa B (2004) Mortality rate and length of stay of patients admitted to the intensive care unit in July. Crit Care Med 32:1161-1165 (Pubitemid 38620985)
27. Barry WA, Rosenthal GE (2003) Is there a July phenomenon? The effect of July admission on intensive care mortality and length of stay in teaching hospitals. J Gen Intern Med 18:639-645 (Pubitemid 37047037)
28. Luyt CE, Combes A, Aegerter P, Guidet B, Trouillet JL, Gibert C, Chastre J (2007) Mortality among patients admitted to intensive care units during weekday day shifts compared with "off" hours. Crit Care Med 35:3-11 (Pubitemid 46035670)
29. Schmalenberg C, Kramer M (2007) Types of intensive care units with the healthiest, most productive work environments. Am J Crit Care 16:458-468 quiz 469
30. Gurses AP, Carayon P (2007) Performance obstacles of intensive care nurses. Nurs Res 56:185-194
31. Haupt MT, Bekes CE, Brilli RJ, Carl LC, Gray AW, Jastremski MS, Naylor DF, Pharm DM, Md AS, Wedel SK, Md MH (2003) Guidelines on critical care services and personnel: Recommendations based on a system of categorization of three levels of care. Crit Care Med 31:2677-2683 (Pubitemid 37452849)
32. Goldhill D (2002) Levels of critical care for adult patients. Standards and guidelines. Intensive Care Society, London
33. Tarnow-Mordi WO, Hau C, Warden A, Shearer AJ (2000) Hospital mortality in relation to staff workload: A 4-year study in an adult intensive-care unit. Lancet 356:185-189 (Pubitemid 30446972)
34. Pronovost PJ, Dang D, Dorman T, Lipsett PA, Garrett E, Jenckes M, Bass EB (2001) Intensive care unit nurse staffing and the risk for complications after abdominal aortic surgery. Eff Clin Pract 4:199-206
35. Dang D, Johantgen ME, Pronovost PJ, Jenckes MW, Bass EB (2002) Postoperative complications: Does intensive care unit staff nursing make a difference? Heart Lung 31:219-228 (Pubitemid 34520438)
36. Amaravadi RK, Dimick JB, Pronovost PJ, Lipsett PA (2000) ICU nurse-topatient ratio is associated with complications and resource use after esophagectomy. Intensive Care Med 26:1857-1862 (Pubitemid 32010004)
37. Reis Miranda D, Moreno R, Iapichino G (1997) Nine equivalents of nursing manpower use score (NEMS). Intensive Care Med 23:760-765 (Pubitemid 27379924)
38. Iapichino G, Radrizzani D, Bertolini G, Ferla L, Pasetti G, Pezzi A, Porta F, Miranda DR (2001) Daily classification of the level of care. A method to describe clinical course of illness, use of resources and quality of intensive care assistance. Intensive Care Med 27:131-136 (Pubitemid 32208979)
39. Cullen DJ, Civetta JM, Briggs BA, Ferrara LC (1974) Therapeutic intervention scoring system: A method for quantitative comparison of patient care. Crit Care Med 2:57-60
40. Miranda DR, de Rijk A, Schaufeli W (1996) Simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System: The TISS- 28 items-results from a multicenter study. Crit Care Med 24:64-73
41. [No authors listed] (1991) Time oriented score system (TOSS): A method for direct and quantitative assessment of nursing workload for ICU patients. Italian Multicenter Group of ICU research (GIRTI). Intensive Care Med 17:340-345
42. Miranda DR, Nap R, de Rijk A, Schaufeli W, Iapichino G (2003) Nursing activities score. Crit Care Med 31:374-382 (Pubitemid 36232928)
43. Iapichino G, Radrizzani D, Ferla L, Pezzi A, Porta F, Zanforlin G, Miranda DR (2002) Description of trends in the course of illness of critically ill patients. Markers of intensive care organization and performance. Intensive Care Med 28:985-989 (Pubitemid 34762239)
44. Iapichino G, Radrizzani D, Pezzi A, Assi E, Di Mauro P, Mistraletti G, Porta F (2005) Evaluating daily nursing use and needs in the intensive care unit: A method to assess the rate and appropriateness of ICU resource use. Health Policy 73:228-234 (Pubitemid 40835904)
45. National AHP and HCS Critical Care Advisory Group (UK) (2003) Allied Health Professionals (AHP) and Healthcare Scientists (HCS) critical care staffing guidance. A guideline for AHP and HCS Staffing levels. http://www.ukcpa.org/ukcpadocuments/2.pdf
46. Rothen HU, Stricker K, Einfalt J, Bauer P, Metnitz PG, Moreno RP, Takala J (2007) Variability in outcome and resource use in intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 33:1329-1336 (Pubitemid 47101698)
47. Sexton JB, Berenholtz SM, Goeschel CA, Watson SR, Holzmueller CG, Thompson DA, Hyzy RC, Marsteller JA, Schumacher K, Pronovost PJ (2011) Assessing and improving safety climate in a large cohort of intensive care units. Crit Care Med 39:934-939
48. Azoulay E, Timsit JF, Sprung CL, Soares M, Rusinova K, Lafabrie A, Abizanda R, Svantesson M, Rubulotta F, Ricou B, Benoit D, Heyland D, Joynt G, Francais A, Azeivedo-Maia P, Owczuk R, Benbenishty J, de Vita M, Valentin A, Ksomos A, Cohen S, Kompan L, Ho K, Abroug F, Kaarlola A, Gerlach H, Kyprianou T, Michalsen A, Chevret S, Schlemmer B (2009) Prevalence and factors of intensive care unit conflicts: The Conflicus Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:853-860
49. [No authors listed] (1997) Fair allocation of intensive care unit resources. American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:1282-1301
50. Dawson S, Runk JA (2000) Right patient? Right bed? A question of appropriateness. AACN Clin Issues 11:375-385
51. Pirret AM (2002) Utilizing TISS to differentiate between intensive care and high-dependency patients and to identify nursing skill requirements. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 18:19-26
52. Iapichino G, Radrizzani D, Rossi C, Pezzi A, Anghileri A, Boffelli S, Giardino M, Mistraletti G, Bertolini G (2007) Proposal of a flexible structuralorganizing model for the intensive care units. Minerva Anestesiol 73:501-506 (Pubitemid 350055249)
53. Wild C, Narath M (2005) Evaluating and planning ICUs: Methods and approaches to differentiate between need and demand. Health Policy 71:289-301 (Pubitemid 40203402)
54. Moreno R, Reis Miranda D (1998) Nursing staff in intensive care in Europe: The mismatch between planning and practice. Chest 113:752-758 (Pubitemid 28130953)
55. Duke GJ, Green JV (2001) Outcome of critically ill patients undergoing interhospital transfer. Med J Aust 174:122-125 (Pubitemid 32149356)
56. Wunsch H, Angus DC, Harrison DA, Collange O, Fowler R, Hoste EA, de Keizer NF, Kersten A, Linde-Zwirble WT, Sandiumenge A, Rowan KM (2008) Variation in critical care services across North America and western Europe. Crit Care Med 36(2787-2793):e2781-e2789
57. Hutchings A, Durand MA, Grieve R, Harrison D, Rowan K, Green J, Cairns J, Black N (2009) Evaluation of modernisation of adult critical care services in England: Time series and cost effectiveness analysis. BMJ 339:b4353
58. Valentin A, Capuzzo M, Guidet B, Moreno R, Metnitz B, Bauer P, Metnitz P (2009) Errors in administration of parenteral drugs in intensive care units: Multinational prospective study. BMJ 338:b814
59. Pizzi LT, Goldfarb NL, Nash DB (2001) Promoting a culture of safety. In: Shojania KG, Duncan BW, McDonald DM, et al. (eds) Making health care safer: A critical analysis of patient safety practices. Evidence report/technology assessment number 43. AHRQ, Washington DC
60. Najjar-Pellet J, Jonquet O, Jambou P, Fabry J (2008) Quality assessment in intensive care units: Proposal for a scoring system in terms of structure and process. Intensive Care Med 34:278-285 (Pubitemid 351207644)
61. Garland A (2005) Improving the ICU: Part 1. Chest 127:2151-2164
62. Garland A (2005) Improving the ICU: Part 2. Chest 127:2165-2179
63. Donchin Y, Seagull FJ (2002) The hostile environment of the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Crit Care 8:316-320
64. Bastos PG, Knaus WA, Zimmerman JE, Magalhaes A Jr, Sun X, Wagner DP (1996) The importance of technology for achieving superior outcomes from intensive care. Brazil APACHE III Study Group. Intensive Care Med 22:664-669 (Pubitemid 26254275)
65. Hahnel J, Friesdorf W, Schwilk B, Marx T, Blessing S (1992) Can a clinician predict the technical equipment a patient will need during intensive care unit treatment? An approach to standardize and redesign the intensive care unit workstation. J Clin Monit 8:1-6
66. Quinio P, Baczynski S, Dy L, Ferrec G, Catineau J, de Tinteniac A (2003) Evaluation of a medical equipment checklist before intensive care room opening. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 22:284-290 (Pubitemid 36995276)