Advances in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected and HIV uninfected children

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 204, Issue SUPPL. 4, 2011, Pages

  Connell, Tom G ^a   Zar, Heather J ^b,c   Nicol, Mark P ^c,d  

^a ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c RED CROSS WAR MEMORIAL CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (South Africa)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BACTERIAL DNA; BCG VACCINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; LIPOARABINOMANNAN; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RIFAMPICIN; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; TUBERCULIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; CHILD; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DNA EXTRACTION; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSPOT ASSAY; FECES ANALYSIS; GASTRIC SUCTION; GENE AMPLIFICATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LIQUID CULTURE; LUNG LAVAGE; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NOSE SMEAR; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; RESEARCH PRIORITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPUTUM SMEAR; STOMACH LAVAGE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; THROAT CULTURE; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS; URINALYSIS;

BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INTERFERON-GAMMA RELEASE TESTS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; RADIOGRAPHY, THORACIC; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SPECIMEN HANDLING; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY;

EID: 80054763813     PISSN: 00221899     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir413     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Marais BJ, Hesseling AC, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Beyers N. The burden of childhood tuberculosis and the accuracy of community-based surveillance data. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10:259-63.
2. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Hesseling AC, et al. A refined symptom-based approach to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Pediatrics 2006; 118:e1350-e1359. (Pubitemid 46394446)
3. Engelbrecht AL, Marais BJ, Donald PR, Schaaf HS. A critical look at the diagnostic value of culture-confirmation in childhood tuberculosis. J Infect 2006; 53:364-9. (Pubitemid 44688980)
4. du Toit G, Swingler G, Iloni K. Observer variation in detecting lymphadenopathy on chest radiography. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002; 6:814-7. (Pubitemid 34988052)
5. Hesseling AC, Schaaf HS, Gie RP, Starke JR, Beyers N. A critical review of diagnostic approaches used in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002; 6:1038-45. (Pubitemid 36054956)
6. Hatherill M, Hanslo M, Hawkridge T, et al. Structured approaches for the screening and diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in a high prevalence region of South Africa. BullWorld Health Organ 2010; 88:312-20.
7. Bonora S, Di PG. Interactions between antiretroviral agents and those used to treat tuberculosis. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2008; 3:306-12. (Pubitemid 351521015)
8. Zar HJ, Hanslo D, Apolles P, Swingler G, Hussey G. Induced sputum versus gastric lavage for microbiological confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children: a prospective study. Lancet 2005; 365:130-4. (Pubitemid 40091802)
9. Zar HJ, Tannenbaum E, Apolles P, Roux P, Hanslo D, Hussey G. Sputum induction for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children in an urban setting in South Africa. Arch Dis Child 2000; 82:305-8. (Pubitemid 30305647)
10. Hatherill M, Hawkridge T, Zar HJ, et al. Induced sputum or gastric lavage for community-based diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis? Arch Dis Child 2009; 94:195-201.
11. Moore A, Apolles P, de Villers PJT, Zar HJ. Sputum induction for diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in a community setting. Int J Tuber Lung Dis. In press.
12. Iriso R, Mudido PM, Karamagi C, Whalen C. The diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in an HIV-endemic setting and the use of induced sputum. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9:716-26. (Pubitemid 41139122)
13. Zar HJ, Tannenbaum E, Hanslo D, Hussey G. Sputum induction as a diagnostic tool for community-acquired pneumonia in infants and young children from a high HIV prevalence area. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003; 36:58-62. (Pubitemid 36734768)
14. Franchi LM, Cama RI, Gilman RH, Montenegro-James S, Sheen P. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples in children. Lancet 1998; 352:1681-2. (Pubitemid 28526136)
15. Owens S, bdel-Rahman IE, Balyejusa S, et al. Nasopharyngeal aspiration for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Arch Dis Child 2007; 92:693-6. (Pubitemid 47217130)
16. Al-Aghbari N, Al-Sonboli N, Yassin MA, et al. Multiple sampling in one day to optimize smear microscopy in children with tuberculosis in Yemen. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5140.
17. Oberhelman RA, Soto-Castellares G, Caviedes L, et al. Improved recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from children using the microscopic observation drug susceptibility method. Pediatrics 2006; 118:e100-e106. (Pubitemid 46071126)
18. Oberhelman RA, Soto-Castellares G, Gilman RH, et al. Diagnostic approaches for paediatric tuberculosis by use of different specimen types, culture methods, and PCR: a prospective case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis 2010; 10:612-20.
19. Chow F, Espiritu N, Gilman RH, et al. La cuerda dulce-a tolerability and acceptability study of a novel approach to specimen collection for diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:67.
20. Wright CA, Warren RM, Marais BJ. Fine needle aspiration biopsy: an undervalued diagnostic modality in paediatric mycobacterial disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009; 13:1467-75.
21. Abadco DL, Steiner P. Gastric lavage is better than bronchoalveolar lavage for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992; 11:735-8.
22. Cruciani M, Scarparo C, Malena M, Bosco O, Serpelloni G, Mengoli C. Meta-analysis of BACTEC MGIT 960 and BACTEC 460 TB, with or without solid media, for detection of mycobacteria. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:2321-5. (Pubitemid 38637876)
23. Hillemann D, Rusch-Gerdes S, Richter E. Application of the Capilia TB assay for culture confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9:1409-11. (Pubitemid 43265154)
24. Ling DI, Flores LL, Riley LW, Pai M. Commercial nucleic-acid amplification tests for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in respiratory specimens: meta-analysis and meta-regression. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1536.
25. Greco S, Girardi E, Navarra A, Saltini C. Current evidence on diagnostic accuracy of commercially based nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorax 2006; 61:783-90. (Pubitemid 44369403)
26. Gomez-Pastrana D, Torronteras R, Caro P, et al. Comparison of amplicor, in-house polymerase chain reaction, and conventional culture for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:17-22. (Pubitemid 32150945)
27. Zar HJ, Connell TG, Nicol M. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: new advances. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 8:277-88.
28. Barnard M, Albert H, Coetzee G, O'Brien R, Bosman ME. Rapid molecular screening for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a highvolume public health laboratory in South Africa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177:787-92. (Pubitemid 351490566)
29. Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Hillemann D, et al. Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1005-15.
30. Green C, Huggett JF, Talbot E, Mwaba P, Reither K, Zumla AI. Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis through the detection of mycobacterial DNA in urine by nucleic acid amplification methods. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9:505-11.
31. Peter J, Green C, Hoelscher M, Mwaba P, Zumla A, Dheda K. Urine for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: current approaches, clinical applicability, and new developments. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2010; 16: 262-70.
32. Pai M, Zwerling A, Menzies D. Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an update. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149:177-84.
33. Powell DA. Interferon gamma release assays in the evaluation of children with possible Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a view to caution. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009; 28:676-7.
34. Davies MA, Connell T, Johannisen C, et al. Detection of tuberculosis in HIV-infected children using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. AIDS 2009; 23:961-9.
35. Liebeschuetz S, Bamber S, Ewer K, Deeks J, Pathan AA, Lalvani A. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in South African children with a T-cell-based assay: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2004; 364:2196-203. (Pubitemid 40018449)
36. Stavri H, Ene L, Popa GL, et al. Comparison of tuberculin skin test with a whole-blood interferon gamma assay and ELISA, in HIV positive children and adolescents with TB. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol 2009; 68:14-9.
37. Starke JR. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:1095-6.
38. Bamford AR, Crook AM, Clark JE, et al. Comparison of interferon- {gamma} release assays and tuberculin skin test in predicting active tuberculosis (TB) in children in the UK: a paediatric TB network study. Arch Dis Child 2010; 95:180-6.
39. Cruz AT, Geltemeyer AM, Starke JR, Flores JA, Graviss EA, Smith KC. Comparing the tuberculin skin test and T-SPOT.TB blood test in children. Pediatrics 2011; 127:e31-8.
40. Detjen AK, Keil T, Roll S, et al. Interferon-gamma release assays improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in children in a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:322-8. (Pubitemid 47101028)
41. Choi JC, Shin JW, Kim JY, Park IW, Choi BW, Lee MK. The effect of previous tuberculin skin test on the follow-up examination of wholeblood interferon-gamma assay in the screening for latent tuberculosis infection. Chest 2008; 133:1415-20. (Pubitemid 351892999)
42. van Zyl-Smit RN, Pai M, Peprah K, et al. Within-subject variability and boosting of T-cell interferon-gamma responses after tuberculin skin testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:49-58.
43. Nakaoka H, Lawson L, Squire SB, et al. Risk for tuberculosis among children. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:1383-8. (Pubitemid 44455214)
44. Hill PC, Brookes RH, Adetifa IM, et al. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and tuberculin skin test in healthy children exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pediatrics 2006; 117:1542-8. (Pubitemid 46071380)
45. Lucas M, Nicol P, McKinnon E, et al. A prospective large-scale study of methods for the detection of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in refugee children. Thorax 2010; 65:442-8.
46. Connell T, Tebruegge M, Ritz N, Curtis N. Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009; 28:758-9.
47. Connell TG, Ritz N, Paxton GA, Buttery JP, Curtis N, Ranganathan SC. A three-way comparison of tuberculin skin testing, QuantiFERON-TB gold and T-SPOT.TB in children. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2624.
48. Comstock GW, Livesay VT, Woolpert SF. The prognosis of a positive tuberculin reaction in childhood and adolescence. Am J Epidemiol 1974; 99:131-8.
49. Diel R, Loddenkemper R, Niemann S, Meywald-Walter K, Nienhaus A. Negative and positive predictive value of a whole-blood IGRA for developing active TB-An update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:88-95.
50. Bergamini BM, Losi M, Vaienti F, et al. Performance of commercial blood tests for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2009; 123:e419-e424.
51. Haustein T, Ridout DA, Hartley JC, et al. The likelihood of an indeterminate test result from a whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children correlates with age and immune status. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009; 28:669-73.
52. Taylor S, Bryson YJ. Impaired production of gamma-interferon by newborn cells in vitro is due to a functionally immature macrophage. J Immunol 1985; 134:1493-7. (Pubitemid 15135912)
53. Gasparoni A, Ciardelli L, Avanzini A, et al. Age-related changes in intracellular TH1/TH2 cytokine production, immunoproliferative T lymphocyte response and natural killer cell activity in newborns, children and adults. Biol Neonate 2003; 84:297-303. (Pubitemid 37356743)
54. Miyawaki T, Seki H, Taga K, Sato H, Taniguchi N. Dissociated production of interleukin-2 and immune (gamma) interferon by phytohaemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes in healthy infants. Clin Exp Immunol 1985; 59:505-11. (Pubitemid 15174446)
55. Pai M, Minion J, Steingart K, Ramsay A. New and improved tuberculosis diagnostics: evidence, policy, practice, and impact. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2010; 16:271-84.
56. Ruhwald M, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Rabna P, Eugen-Olsen J, Ravn P. IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, and IL-1RA hold promise as biomarkers for infection with M. tuberculosis in a whole blood based T-cell assay. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:19.