메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 591-602

Evolution of 3D Surface Imaging Systems in Facial Plastic Surgery

Author keywords

3D photography; 3D Surface imaging; 3dMD; Axis Three; Canfield; Di3d; Facial analysis; Stereo photogrammetry; Structured light; Three dimensional

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; CAMERA; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY; DEVICE; FACE SURGERY; HISTORY; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGING SYSTEM; LASER; LIQUID CRYSTAL RANGE FINDER; LUMINANCE; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; MOTION ANALYSIS SYSTEM; PLASTIC SURGERY; REVIEW; STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRY; SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; THREE DIMENSIONAL SURFACE IMAGING; TOPOGRAPHY; TREATMENT PLANNING; VALIDITY; VIDEORECORDING;

EID: 80054757646     PISSN: 10647406     EISSN: 15581926     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2011.07.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (70)

References (76)
  • 2
    • 0014138885 scopus 로고
    • Stereophotogrammetry of the face. A preliminary investigation into the accuracy of a simplified system evolved for contour mapping by photography
    • Burke P.H., Beard F.H. Stereophotogrammetry of the face. A preliminary investigation into the accuracy of a simplified system evolved for contour mapping by photography. Am J Orthod 1967, 53(10):769-782.
    • (1967) Am J Orthod , vol.53 , Issue.10 , pp. 769-782
    • Burke, P.H.1    Beard, F.H.2
  • 3
    • 0015175382 scopus 로고
    • Stereophotogrammetric measurement of normal facial asymmetry in children
    • Burke P.H. Stereophotogrammetric measurement of normal facial asymmetry in children. Hum Biol 1971, 43(4):536-548.
    • (1971) Hum Biol , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 536-548
    • Burke, P.H.1
  • 4
    • 0019712696 scopus 로고
    • Computer graphics in facial morphology analysis
    • Leonard M.S., Johnson G.W., Starfield A.M., et al. Computer graphics in facial morphology analysis. Int J Oral Surg 1981, 10(Suppl 1):273-275.
    • (1981) Int J Oral Surg , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 273-275
    • Leonard, M.S.1    Johnson, G.W.2    Starfield, A.M.3
  • 5
    • 0020981333 scopus 로고
    • Stereophotographic measurement of change in facial soft tissue morphology following surgery
    • Burke P.H., Banks P., Beard L.F., et al. Stereophotographic measurement of change in facial soft tissue morphology following surgery. Br J Oral Surg 1983, 21(4):237-245.
    • (1983) Br J Oral Surg , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 237-245
    • Burke, P.H.1    Banks, P.2    Beard, L.F.3
  • 6
    • 0023893963 scopus 로고
    • The adolescent growth spurt in the soft tissues of the face
    • Burke P.H., Hughes-Lawson C.A. The adolescent growth spurt in the soft tissues of the face. Ann Hum Biol 1988, 15(4):253-262.
    • (1988) Ann Hum Biol , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 253-262
    • Burke, P.H.1    Hughes-Lawson, C.A.2
  • 7
    • 0029187496 scopus 로고
    • Method for quantifying facial asymmetry in three dimensions using stereophotogrammetry
    • Ras F., Habets L.L., van Ginkel F.C., et al. Method for quantifying facial asymmetry in three dimensions using stereophotogrammetry. Angle Orthod 1995, 65(3):233-239.
    • (1995) Angle Orthod , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-239
    • Ras, F.1    Habets, L.L.2    van Ginkel, F.C.3
  • 8
    • 0030238441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of facial morphology using stereophotogrammetry- demonstration of a new concept
    • Ras F., Habets L.L., van Ginkel F.C., et al. Quantification of facial morphology using stereophotogrammetry- demonstration of a new concept. J Dent 1996, 24(5):369-374.
    • (1996) J Dent , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 369-374
    • Ras, F.1    Habets, L.L.2    van Ginkel, F.C.3
  • 9
    • 0026603403 scopus 로고
    • Computerized quantitative dynamic analysis of facial motion in the paralyzed and synkinetic face
    • Neely J.G., Cheung J.Y., Wood M., et al. Computerized quantitative dynamic analysis of facial motion in the paralyzed and synkinetic face. Am J Otol 1992, 13(2):97-107.
    • (1992) Am J Otol , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-107
    • Neely, J.G.1    Cheung, J.Y.2    Wood, M.3
  • 10
    • 0014806264 scopus 로고
    • Moire topography
    • Takasaki H. Moire topography. Appl Opt 1970, 9:1467-1472.
    • (1970) Appl Opt , vol.9 , pp. 1467-1472
    • Takasaki, H.1
  • 11
    • 0023322044 scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional analysis of the face in respect of zygomatic fractures and evaluation of the surgery with the aid of Moire topography
    • Kawano Y. Three dimensional analysis of the face in respect of zygomatic fractures and evaluation of the surgery with the aid of Moire topography. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1987, 15(2):68-74.
    • (1987) J Craniomaxillofac Surg , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 68-74
    • Kawano, Y.1
  • 13
    • 0021617144 scopus 로고
    • Range-imaging system for 3-D range imaging
    • Paper presented at: 7th ICPR Proceeding; Montreal, Canada
    • Inokuchi I, Sato K, Ozaki Y. Range-imaging system for 3-D range imaging. Paper presented at: 7th ICPR Proceeding; Montreal, Canada, 1984. p. 806.
    • (1984) , pp. 806
    • Inokuchi, I.1    Sato, K.2    Ozaki, Y.3
  • 14
    • 0023266932 scopus 로고
    • A range-imaging system utilizing a nematic liquid crystal mask
    • Presented at the First International Conference on Computer Vision. London
    • Sato K, Inokuchi I. A range-imaging system utilizing a nematic liquid crystal mask. Presented at the First International Conference on Computer Vision. London, 1987. p. 657.
    • (1987) , pp. 657
    • Sato, K.1    Inokuchi, I.2
  • 15
    • 0031742940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid three-dimensional measuring system for facial surface structure
    • Yamada T., Sugahara T., Mori Y., et al. Rapid three-dimensional measuring system for facial surface structure. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998, 102(6):2108-2113.
    • (1998) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.102 , Issue.6 , pp. 2108-2113
    • Yamada, T.1    Sugahara, T.2    Mori, Y.3
  • 16
    • 0031979185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective scaling of facial nerve function based on area analysis (OSCAR)
    • Meier-Gallati V., Scriba H., Fisch U. Objective scaling of facial nerve function based on area analysis (OSCAR). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998, 118(4):545-550.
    • (1998) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.118 , Issue.4 , pp. 545-550
    • Meier-Gallati, V.1    Scriba, H.2    Fisch, U.3
  • 17
    • 0032779466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective evaluation of normal facial function
    • Scriba H., Stoeckli S.J., Veraguth D., et al. Objective evaluation of normal facial function. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1999, 108(7 Pt 1):641-644.
    • (1999) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol , vol.108 , Issue.7 PART 1 , pp. 641-644
    • Scriba, H.1    Stoeckli, S.J.2    Veraguth, D.3
  • 18
    • 0024428283 scopus 로고
    • Application of 3-D computer graphics for facial reconstruction and comparison with sculpting techniques
    • Vanezis P., Blowes R.W., Linney A.D., et al. Application of 3-D computer graphics for facial reconstruction and comparison with sculpting techniques. Forensic Sci Int 1989, 42(1-2):69-84.
    • (1989) Forensic Sci Int , vol.42 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 69-84
    • Vanezis, P.1    Blowes, R.W.2    Linney, A.D.3
  • 19
    • 0025930351 scopus 로고
    • Methods of three dimensional analysis of patients with asymmetry of the face
    • Moss J.P., Coombes A.M., Linney A.D., et al. Methods of three dimensional analysis of patients with asymmetry of the face. Proc Finn Dent Soc 1991, 87(1):139-149.
    • (1991) Proc Finn Dent Soc , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-149
    • Moss, J.P.1    Coombes, A.M.2    Linney, A.D.3
  • 20
    • 0029953310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional facial anthropometry using a laser surface scanner: validation of the technique
    • Bush K., Antonyshyn O. Three-dimensional facial anthropometry using a laser surface scanner: validation of the technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996, 98(2):226-235.
    • (1996) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 226-235
    • Bush, K.1    Antonyshyn, O.2
  • 21
    • 0024208876 scopus 로고
    • A computer system for the interactive planning and prediction of maxillofacial surgery
    • Moss J.P., Grindrod S.R., Linney A.D., et al. A computer system for the interactive planning and prediction of maxillofacial surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988, 94(6):469-475.
    • (1988) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop , vol.94 , Issue.6 , pp. 469-475
    • Moss, J.P.1    Grindrod, S.R.2    Linney, A.D.3
  • 22
    • 0028203946 scopus 로고
    • The shape of a normal smile: implications for facial paralysis reconstruction
    • Paletz J.L., Manktelow R.T., Chaban R. The shape of a normal smile: implications for facial paralysis reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994, 93(4):784-789.
    • (1994) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.93 , Issue.4 , pp. 784-789
    • Paletz, J.L.1    Manktelow, R.T.2    Chaban, R.3
  • 23
    • 0030976130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of facial motion components: anatomic and nonanatomic motion in normal persons and in patients with complete facial paralysis
    • [discussion: 1903-4]
    • Bajaj-Luthra A., Mueller T., Johnson P. Quantitative analysis of facial motion components: anatomic and nonanatomic motion in normal persons and in patients with complete facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997, 99(7):1894-1902. [discussion: 1903-4].
    • (1997) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.99 , Issue.7 , pp. 1894-1902
    • Bajaj-Luthra, A.1    Mueller, T.2    Johnson, P.3
  • 24
    • 0031804234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of patterns of facial movement in patients with ocular to oral synkinesis
    • Bajaj-Luthra A., VanSwearingen J., Thornton R., et al. Quantitation of patterns of facial movement in patients with ocular to oral synkinesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998, 101(6):1473-1480.
    • (1998) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.101 , Issue.6 , pp. 1473-1480
    • Bajaj-Luthra, A.1    VanSwearingen, J.2    Thornton, R.3
  • 25
    • 0030679736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative facial motion analysis after functional free muscle reanimation procedures
    • [discussion: 1720-2]
    • Johnson P., Bajaj-Luthra A., Llull R., et al. Quantitative facial motion analysis after functional free muscle reanimation procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997, 100(7):1710-1719. [discussion: 1720-2].
    • (1997) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.100 , Issue.7 , pp. 1710-1719
    • Johnson, P.1    Bajaj-Luthra, A.2    Llull, R.3
  • 26
    • 0024805579 scopus 로고
    • A new technique for acquiring three-dimensional orofacial nonspeech movements
    • Caruso A.J., Stanhope S.J., McGuire D.A. A new technique for acquiring three-dimensional orofacial nonspeech movements. Dysphagia 1989, 4:127-132.
    • (1989) Dysphagia , vol.4 , pp. 127-132
    • Caruso, A.J.1    Stanhope, S.J.2    McGuire, D.A.3
  • 27
    • 0028124948 scopus 로고
    • Distance from symmetry: a three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry
    • Ferrario V.F., Sforza C., Poggio C.E., et al. Distance from symmetry: a three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994, 52(11):1126-1132.
    • (1994) J Oral Maxillofac Surg , vol.52 , Issue.11 , pp. 1126-1132
    • Ferrario, V.F.1    Sforza, C.2    Poggio, C.E.3
  • 28
    • 0029679522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of a three-dimensional method for measuring facial animation: a case report
    • Trotman C., Gross M., Moffatt K. Reliability of a three-dimensional method for measuring facial animation: a case report. Angle Orthod 1996, 66(3):195-198.
    • (1996) Angle Orthod , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-198
    • Trotman, C.1    Gross, M.2    Moffatt, K.3
  • 29
    • 0031967780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a method for the analysis of facial mobility. I. Vector of displacement
    • Trotman C.A., Faraway J.J., Silvester K.T., et al. Sensitivity of a method for the analysis of facial mobility. I. Vector of displacement. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1998, 35(2):132-141.
    • (1998) Cleft Palate Craniofac J , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-141
    • Trotman, C.A.1    Faraway, J.J.2    Silvester, K.T.3
  • 30
    • 0031978747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of a method for the analysis of facial mobility. II. Interlandmark separation
    • Trotman C.A., Faraway J.J. Sensitivity of a method for the analysis of facial mobility. II. Interlandmark separation. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1998, 35(2):142-153.
    • (1998) Cleft Palate Craniofac J , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 142-153
    • Trotman, C.A.1    Faraway, J.J.2
  • 31
    • 0028317059 scopus 로고
    • Development of a new documentation system for facial movements as a basis for the international registry for neuromuscular reconstruction in the face
    • Frey M., Jenny A., Giovanoli P., et al. Development of a new documentation system for facial movements as a basis for the international registry for neuromuscular reconstruction in the face. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994, 93(7):1334-1349.
    • (1994) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.93 , Issue.7 , pp. 1334-1349
    • Frey, M.1    Jenny, A.2    Giovanoli, P.3
  • 32
    • 0032717490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional video analysis of facial movements: a new method to assess the quantity and quality of the smile
    • Frey M., Giovanoli P., Gerber H., et al. Three-dimensional video analysis of facial movements: a new method to assess the quantity and quality of the smile. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999, 104(7):2032-2039.
    • (1999) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.104 , Issue.7 , pp. 2032-2039
    • Frey, M.1    Giovanoli, P.2    Gerber, H.3
  • 33
    • 0027480263 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative three-dimensional assessment of face-lift with an optical facial surface scanner
    • Vannier M.W., Pilgram T.K., Bhatia G., et al. Quantitative three-dimensional assessment of face-lift with an optical facial surface scanner. Ann Plast Surg 1993, 30(3):204-211.
    • (1993) Ann Plast Surg , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 204-211
    • Vannier, M.W.1    Pilgram, T.K.2    Bhatia, G.3
  • 34
    • 0018794352 scopus 로고
    • Growth of soft tissues of the face in adolescence
    • Burke P.H., Beard L.F. Growth of soft tissues of the face in adolescence. Br Dent J 1979, 146(8):239-246.
    • (1979) Br Dent J , vol.146 , Issue.8 , pp. 239-246
    • Burke, P.H.1    Beard, L.F.2
  • 35
    • 84907108295 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a CCD-based facial measurement system
    • Deacon A.T., Anthony A.G., Bhatia S.N., et al. Evaluation of a CCD-based facial measurement system. Med Inform (Lond) 1991, 16(2):213-228.
    • (1991) Med Inform (Lond) , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 213-228
    • Deacon, A.T.1    Anthony, A.G.2    Bhatia, S.N.3
  • 36
    • 0033082329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a 3-D measurement and evaluation system for facial forms with a liquid crystal range finder
    • Yamada T., Sugahara T., Mori Y., et al. Development of a 3-D measurement and evaluation system for facial forms with a liquid crystal range finder. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 1999, 58(2):159-173.
    • (1999) Comput Methods Programs Biomed , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-173
    • Yamada, T.1    Sugahara, T.2    Mori, Y.3
  • 37
    • 0017353975 scopus 로고
    • Anthropometry of the face in lateral facial dysplasia: the bilateral form
    • Farkas L.G., Ross R.B., James J.S. Anthropometry of the face in lateral facial dysplasia: the bilateral form. Cleft Palate J 1977, 14(1):41-51.
    • (1977) Cleft Palate J , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-51
    • Farkas, L.G.1    Ross, R.B.2    James, J.S.3
  • 38
    • 0021915815 scopus 로고
    • Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American Caucasians: revision of neoclassical canons
    • Farkas L.G., Hreczko T.A., Kolar J.C., et al. Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American Caucasians: revision of neoclassical canons. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985, 75(3):328-338.
    • (1985) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 328-338
    • Farkas, L.G.1    Hreczko, T.A.2    Kolar, J.C.3
  • 39
    • 0023425159 scopus 로고
    • Anthropometrics and art in the aesthetics of women's faces
    • Farkas L.G., Kolar J.C. Anthropometrics and art in the aesthetics of women's faces. Clin Plast Surg 1987, 14(4):599-616.
    • (1987) Clin Plast Surg , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 599-616
    • Farkas, L.G.1    Kolar, J.C.2
  • 40
    • 0024323952 scopus 로고
    • Orbital measurements in 63 hyperteloric patients. Differences between the anthropometric and cephalometric findings
    • Farkas L.G., Ross R.B., Posnick J.C., et al. Orbital measurements in 63 hyperteloric patients. Differences between the anthropometric and cephalometric findings. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1989, 17(6):249-254.
    • (1989) J Craniomaxillofac Surg , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 249-254
    • Farkas, L.G.1    Ross, R.B.2    Posnick, J.C.3
  • 41
    • 80054733835 scopus 로고
    • Studies of co-ordinated lower facial muscle function by electromyography and surface laser scanning techniques
    • Paper presented at: Zurich, Switzerland
    • Cacou C, Greenfield BE, Richards R, et al. Studies of co-ordinated lower facial muscle function by electromyography and surface laser scanning techniques. Paper presented at: 4th International Muscle Symposium, Zurich, Switzerland, 1995. p. 183.
    • (1995) 4th International Muscle Symposium , pp. 183
    • Cacou, C.1    Greenfield, B.E.2    Richards, R.3
  • 42
    • 0028909461 scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric optical surface imaging system repeatability, precision, and validation
    • Kohn L.A., Cheverud J.M., Bhatia G., et al. Anthropometric optical surface imaging system repeatability, precision, and validation. Ann Plast Surg 1995, 34(4):362-371.
    • (1995) Ann Plast Surg , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 362-371
    • Kohn, L.A.1    Cheverud, J.M.2    Bhatia, G.3
  • 44
    • 84857650774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moiré pattern
    • Available at:, Accessed February 6, 2011
    • Britannica E. Moiré pattern. Encyclopædia Britannica 2011, Available at:, Accessed February 6, 2011. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387754/moire-pattern.
    • (2011) Encyclopædia Britannica
    • Britannica, E.1
  • 45
    • 0026855827 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of facial palsy by Moire topography
    • [in Japanese]
    • Inokuchi I. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1992, 95(5):715-725. [in Japanese].
    • (1992) Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 715-725
    • Inokuchi, I.1
  • 46
    • 0030701848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of facial palsy by Moire topography index
    • Yuen K., Inokuchi I., Maeta M., et al. Evaluation of facial palsy by Moire topography index. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997, 117(5):567-572.
    • (1997) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.117 , Issue.5 , pp. 567-572
    • Yuen, K.1    Inokuchi, I.2    Maeta, M.3
  • 47
    • 0036812594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The three-stage concept to optimize the results of microsurgical reanimation of the paralyzed face
    • Frey M., Giovanoli P. The three-stage concept to optimize the results of microsurgical reanimation of the paralyzed face. Clin Plast Surg 2002, 29(4):461-482.
    • (2002) Clin Plast Surg , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 461-482
    • Frey, M.1    Giovanoli, P.2
  • 48
    • 0141975216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional video-analysis of facial movements in healthy volunteers
    • Giovanoli P., Tzou C.H., Ploner M., et al. Three-dimensional video-analysis of facial movements in healthy volunteers. Br J Plast Surg 2003, 56(7):644-652.
    • (2003) Br J Plast Surg , vol.56 , Issue.7 , pp. 644-652
    • Giovanoli, P.1    Tzou, C.H.2    Ploner, M.3
  • 49
    • 13844281171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there ethnic differences of facial movements between Europeans and Asians?
    • Tzou C., Giovanoli P., Ploner M., et al. Are there ethnic differences of facial movements between Europeans and Asians?. Br J Plast Surg 2005, 58(2):183-195.
    • (2005) Br J Plast Surg , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-195
    • Tzou, C.1    Giovanoli, P.2    Ploner, M.3
  • 50
    • 33644871206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional upgrading of partially recovered facial palsy by cross-face nerve grafting with distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy
    • Frey M., Giovanoli P., Michaelidou M. Functional upgrading of partially recovered facial palsy by cross-face nerve grafting with distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006, 117(2):597-608.
    • (2006) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.117 , Issue.2 , pp. 597-608
    • Frey, M.1    Giovanoli, P.2    Michaelidou, M.3
  • 51
    • 58149399227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional video analysis of the paralyzed face reanimated by cross-face nerve grafting and free gracilis muscle transplantation: quantification of the functional outcome
    • Frey M., Michaelidou M., Tzou C., et al. Three-dimensional video analysis of the paralyzed face reanimated by cross-face nerve grafting and free gracilis muscle transplantation: quantification of the functional outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008, 122(6):1709-1722.
    • (2008) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.122 , Issue.6 , pp. 1709-1722
    • Frey, M.1    Michaelidou, M.2    Tzou, C.3
  • 52
    • 60549114167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combination of muscle transpositions and static procedures for reconstruction in the paralyzed face of the patient with limited life expectancy or who is not a candidate for free muscle transfer
    • Michaelidou M., Tzou C., Gerber H., et al. The combination of muscle transpositions and static procedures for reconstruction in the paralyzed face of the patient with limited life expectancy or who is not a candidate for free muscle transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009, 123(1):121-129.
    • (2009) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.123 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-129
    • Michaelidou, M.1    Tzou, C.2    Gerber, H.3
  • 53
    • 41649113715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Completing the 3-dimensional picture
    • Lane C., Harrell W. Completing the 3-dimensional picture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008, 133(4):612-620.
    • (2008) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop , vol.133 , Issue.4 , pp. 612-620
    • Lane, C.1    Harrell, W.2
  • 54
  • 56
    • 77952247756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the reproducibility of verbal and nonverbal facial gestures using three-dimensional motion analysis
    • Popat H., Henley E., Richmond S., et al. A comparison of the reproducibility of verbal and nonverbal facial gestures using three-dimensional motion analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010, 142(6):867-872.
    • (2010) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.142 , Issue.6 , pp. 867-872
    • Popat, H.1    Henley, E.2    Richmond, S.3
  • 57
    • 58149392609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional motion analysis-an exploratory study. Part 2: reproducibility of facial movement
    • Popat H., Richmond S., Playle R., et al. Three-dimensional motion analysis-an exploratory study. Part 2: reproducibility of facial movement. Orthod Craniofac Res 2008, 11(4):224-228.
    • (2008) Orthod Craniofac Res , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 224-228
    • Popat, H.1    Richmond, S.2    Playle, R.3
  • 58
    • 58149392603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional motion analysis-an exploratory study. Part 1: assessment of facial movement
    • Popat H., Richmond S., Playle R., et al. Three-dimensional motion analysis-an exploratory study. Part 1: assessment of facial movement. Orthod Craniofac Res 2008, 11(4):216-223.
    • (2008) Orthod Craniofac Res , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 216-223
    • Popat, H.1    Richmond, S.2    Playle, R.3
  • 59
    • 67651210712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Web-based, integrated simulation system for craniofacial surgical planning
    • Schendel S.A., Montgomery K. A Web-based, integrated simulation system for craniofacial surgical planning. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009, 123(3):1099-1106.
    • (2009) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 1099-1106
    • Schendel, S.A.1    Montgomery, K.2
  • 60
    • 25644454468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precision and error of three-dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images
    • Aldridge K., Boyadjiev S.A., Capone G.T., et al. Precision and error of three-dimensional phenotypic measures acquired from 3dMD photogrammetric images. Am J Med Genet A 2005, 138(3):247-253.
    • (2005) Am J Med Genet A , vol.138 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-253
    • Aldridge, K.1    Boyadjiev, S.A.2    Capone, G.T.3
  • 61
    • 17644414106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validating three-dimensional imaging of the breast
    • [discussion: 477-8]
    • Losken A., Seify H., Denson D.D., et al. Validating three-dimensional imaging of the breast. Ann Plast Surg 2005, 54(5):471-476. [discussion: 477-8].
    • (2005) Ann Plast Surg , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 471-476
    • Losken, A.1    Seify, H.2    Denson, D.D.3
  • 62
    • 29244455310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An objective evaluation of breast symmetry and shape differences using 3-dimensional images
    • Losken A., Fishman I., Denson D.D., et al. An objective evaluation of breast symmetry and shape differences using 3-dimensional images. Ann Plast Surg 2005, 55(6):571-575.
    • (2005) Ann Plast Surg , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 571-575
    • Losken, A.1    Fishman, I.2    Denson, D.D.3
  • 63
    • 77957262322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Registration of 3-dimensional facial photographs for clinical use
    • Maal T.J., van Loon B., Plooij J.M., et al. Registration of 3-dimensional facial photographs for clinical use. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010, 68(10):2391-2401.
    • (2010) J Oral Maxillofac Surg , vol.68 , Issue.10 , pp. 2391-2401
    • Maal, T.J.1    van Loon, B.2    Plooij, J.M.3
  • 64
    • 77952853460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precision and accuracy of the 3dMD photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application
    • Lubbers H.T., Medinger L., Kruse A., et al. Precision and accuracy of the 3dMD photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application. J Craniofac Surg 2010, 21(3):763-767.
    • (2010) J Craniofac Surg , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 763-767
    • Lubbers, H.T.1    Medinger, L.2    Kruse, A.3
  • 65
    • 77956640842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and reproducibility of a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetric imaging system
    • de Menezes M., Rosati R., Ferrario V.F., et al. Accuracy and reproducibility of a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetric imaging system. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010, 68(9):2129-2135.
    • (2010) J Oral Maxillofac Surg , vol.68 , Issue.9 , pp. 2129-2135
    • de Menezes, M.1    Rosati, R.2    Ferrario, V.F.3
  • 66
    • 77954183814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital dental cast placement in 3-dimensional, full-face reconstruction: a technical evaluation
    • Rosati R., De Menezes M., Rossetti A., et al. Digital dental cast placement in 3-dimensional, full-face reconstruction: a technical evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010, 138(1):84-88.
    • (2010) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop , vol.138 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-88
    • Rosati, R.1    De Menezes, M.2    Rossetti, A.3
  • 67
    • 79959700054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining pseudoptosis (bottoming out) 3 years after short-scar medial pedicle breast reduction
    • Quan M., Fadl A., Small K., et al. Defining pseudoptosis (bottoming out) 3 years after short-scar medial pedicle breast reduction. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2011, 35(3):357-364.
    • (2011) Aesthetic Plast Surg , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 357-364
    • Quan, M.1    Fadl, A.2    Small, K.3
  • 68
    • 37249015992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical validation of the Di3D stereophotogrammetry surface imaging system
    • Winder R.J., Darvann T.A., McKnight W., et al. Technical validation of the Di3D stereophotogrammetry surface imaging system. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008, 46(1):33-37.
    • (2008) Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-37
    • Winder, R.J.1    Darvann, T.A.2    McKnight, W.3
  • 69
    • 37249058271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and reproducibility of a high-resolution three-dimensional facial imaging system
    • Khambay B., Nairn N., Bell A., et al. Validation and reproducibility of a high-resolution three-dimensional facial imaging system. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008, 46(1):27-32.
    • (2008) Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-32
    • Khambay, B.1    Nairn, N.2    Bell, A.3
  • 70
    • 79953065585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of anthropometric accuracy and reliability using different three-dimensional scanning systems
    • Fourie Z., Damstra J., Gerrits P.O., et al. Evaluation of anthropometric accuracy and reliability using different three-dimensional scanning systems. Forensic Sci Int 2011, 207(1-3):127-134.
    • (2011) Forensic Sci Int , vol.207 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 127-134
    • Fourie, Z.1    Damstra, J.2    Gerrits, P.O.3
  • 71
    • 0007798308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainbow three-dimensional camera: new concept of high-speed three-dimensional vision systems
    • Geng Z.J. Rainbow three-dimensional camera: new concept of high-speed three-dimensional vision systems. Opt Eng 1996, 35(2):376-383.
    • (1996) Opt Eng , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 376-383
    • Geng, Z.J.1
  • 72
    • 33747612866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric precision and accuracy of digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: comparing the Genex and 3dMD imaging systems with one another and with direct anthropometry
    • Weinberg S.M., Naidoo S., Govier D.P., et al. Anthropometric precision and accuracy of digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: comparing the Genex and 3dMD imaging systems with one another and with direct anthropometry. J Craniofac Surg 2006, 17(3):477-483.
    • (2006) J Craniofac Surg , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 477-483
    • Weinberg, S.M.1    Naidoo, S.2    Govier, D.P.3
  • 73
    • 7044264829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional facial imaging: accuracy and considerations for clinical applications in orthodontics
    • Lee J.Y., Han Q., Trotman C.A. Three-dimensional facial imaging: accuracy and considerations for clinical applications in orthodontics. Angle Orthod 2004, 74(5):587-593.
    • (2004) Angle Orthod , vol.74 , Issue.5 , pp. 587-593
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Han, Q.2    Trotman, C.A.3
  • 74
    • 4544255768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: evaluation of anthropometric precision and accuracy using a Genex 3D camera system
    • Weinberg S.M., Scott N.M., Neiswanger K., et al. Digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: evaluation of anthropometric precision and accuracy using a Genex 3D camera system. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2004, 41(5):507-518.
    • (2004) Cleft Palate Craniofac J , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 507-518
    • Weinberg, S.M.1    Scott, N.M.2    Neiswanger, K.3
  • 75
    • 84857655307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of flash sync speed. 2009. Available at: Accessed February 6
    • Rockwell K. The importance of flash sync speed. 2009. Available at: Accessed February 6, 2011. http://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/syncspeed.htm.
    • (2011)
    • Rockwell, K.1
  • 76
    • 33645639915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of nasal changes after maxillomandibular surgery using a 3-dimensional digital imaging system
    • Honrado C.P., Lee S., Bloomquist D.S., et al. Quantitative assessment of nasal changes after maxillomandibular surgery using a 3-dimensional digital imaging system. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2006, 8(1):26-35.
    • (2006) Arch Facial Plast Surg , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-35
    • Honrado, C.P.1    Lee, S.2    Bloomquist, D.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.