The role of chemotherapy in metastatic gastric cancer

Anticancer Research

Volumn 31, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 3543-3554

  Pasini, Felice ^a   Fraccon, Anna Paola ^b   De Manzoni, Giovanni ^c  

^a ULSS 18   (Italy)

^b Medical Oncology Unit   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Chemotherapy; Metastatic gastric cancer; Review

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; APATINIB; BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CATUMAXOMAB; CETUXIMAB; CISPLATIN; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; EPIRUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; EVEROLIMUS; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; GIMERACIL PLUS OTERACIL POTASSIUM PLUS TEGAFUR; IRINOTECAN; LAPATINIB; METHOTREXATE; MITOMYCIN; OXALIPLATIN; PANITUMUMAB; RAMUCIRUMAB; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; TRASTUZUMAB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADVANCED CANCER; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER SURVIVAL; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TARGETING; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; HUMAN; INOPERABLE CANCER; METASTATIC STOMACH CANCER; NEUTROPENIA; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STOMACH CANCER; STOMATITIS; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; STOMACH NEOPLASMS;

EID: 80054717683     PISSN: 02507005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Al-Batran SE, Hartmann JT, Probst S, Schmalenberg H, Hollerbach S, Hofheinz R, Rethwisch V, Seipelt G, Homann N, Wilhelm G, Schuch G, Stoehlmacher J, Derigs HG, Hegewisch-Becker S, Grossmann J, Pauligk C, Atmaca A, Bokemeyer C, Knuth A, Jäger E; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie: Phase III trial in metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with fluorouracil, leucovorin plus either oxaliplatin or cisplatin: a study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. J Clin Oncol 26(9): 1435-1442, 2008.
2. Cunningham D, Starling N, Rao S, Iveson T, Nicolson M, Coxon F, Middleton G, Daniel F, Oates J and Norman AR: Capecitabine and oxaliplatin for advanced esophagogastric cancer. N Engl J Med 358(1): 36-46, 2008.
3. Dank M, Zaluski J, Barone C, Valvere V, Yalcin S, Peschel C, Wenczl M, Goker E, Cisar L, Wang K and Bugat R: Randomized phase III study comparing irinotecan combined with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid to cisplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil in chemotherapy naive patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction. Ann Oncol 19(8): 1450-1457, 2008.
4. Van Cutsem E, Moiseyenko VM, Tjulandin S, Majlis A, Constenla M, Boni C, Rodriguez A, Fodor M, Chao Y, Voznyi E, Risse ML and Ajani JA: Phase III study of docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer: a report of the V325 Study Group. J Clin Oncol 24(31): 4991-4997, 2006. (Pubitemid 46631401)
5. Bang YJ, Van Cutsem E, Feyereislova A, Chung HC, Shen L, Sawaki A, Lordick F, Ohtsu A, Omuro Y, Satoh T, Aprile G, Kulikov E, Hill J, Lehle M, Rüschoff J and Kang YK, for the ToGA Trial Investigators: Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 376: 687-697, 2010.
6. Kang Y, Ohtsu A, Van Cutsem E, Rha SY, Sawaki A, Park S, Lim H, Wu J, Langer B and Shah JMA: AVAGAST: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study of first-line capecitabine and cisplatin plus bevacizumab or placebo in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Proc ASCO 28(15S) (Part II): Abstr 4007, 2010.
7. Murad AM, Santiago FF, Petroianu A, Rocha PR, Rodrigues MA and Rausch M: Modified therapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in advanced gastric cancer. Cancer 72: 37-41, 1993. (Pubitemid 23182046)
8. Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Haglund U, Nyrén O and Sjödén PO: Initial or delayed chemotherapy with best supportive care in advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 5: 189-190, 1994. (Pubitemid 24062577)
9. Pyrhonen S, Kuitumen T, Nyandoto P and Kouri M: Randomized comparison of fluorouracil, epidoxorabicin and methotrexate (FEMTX) plus best supportive care alone in patients with non-resectable gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 71: 587-591, 1995.
10. Wagner AD, Unverzagt S, Grothe W, Kleber G, Grothey A, Haerting J and Fleig WE: Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Mar 17(3): CD004064. Review, 2010.
11. MacDonald JS, Schein PS, Woolley PV, Smythe T, Ueno W, Hoth D, Smith F, Boiron M, Gisselbrecht C, Brunet R and Lagarde C: 5-Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM) combination chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Ann Intern Med 93: 533-536, 1980. (Pubitemid 10015173)
12. Douglass HO Jr, Lavin PT, Goudsmit A, Klaassen DJ and Paul AR: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluation of combinations of methyl-CCNU, mitomycin C, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil in advanced measurable gastric cancer (EST 2277). J Clin Oncol 2: 1372-1381, 1984. (Pubitemid 15179538)
13. Cullinan SA, Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Rubin JR, Krook JE, Everson LK, Windschitl HE, Twito DI, Marschke RF and Foley JF: A comparison of three chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of advanced pancreatic and gastric carcinoma. Fluorouracil vs. fluorouracil and doxorubicin vs. fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin. JAMA 253: 2061-2067, 1985. (Pubitemid 15102220)
14. Wils JA, Klein HO, Wagener DJ, Bleiberg H, Reis H, Korsten F, Conroy Th, Fickers M, Leyvraz S, Buyse M and Duez N for the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cooperative Group: Sequential high-dose methotrexate and fluorouracil combined with doxorubicin-A step ahead in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer: a trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 9(5): 827-831, 1991.
15. Kelsen D, Atiq OT, Saltz L, Niedzwiecki D, Ginn D, Chapman D, Heelan R, Lightdale C, Vinciguerra V and Brennan M: FAMTX versus etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin: a random assignment trial in gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 10(4): 541-548, 1992.
16. Waters JS, Norman A, Cunningham D, Scarffe JH, Webb A, Harper P, Joffe JK, Mackean M, Mansi J, Leahy M, Hill A, Oates J, Rao S, Nicolson M and Hickish T: Long-term survival after epirubicin, cisplatin and fluorouracil for gastric cancer: results of a randomized trial. Br J Cancer 80(112): 269-272, 1999. (Pubitemid 29210117)
17. Vanhoefer U, Philippe R, Hansjochen W, Ducreux MP, Lacave AJ, Van Cutsem E, Planker M, Guimaraes Dos Santos J, Piedbois Pa, Paillot B, Bodenstein H, Schmoll HJ, Bleiberg H, Nordlinger B, Couvreur ML, Baron B and Wils JA: Final results of a randomized phase III trial of sequential high-dose methotrexate, fluorouracil, and doxorubicin versus etoposide, leucovorin, and fluorouracil versus infusional fluorouracil and cisplatin in advanced gastric cancer: A Trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 18(14): 2648-2657, 2000. (Pubitemid 30465650)
18. Cocconi G, Carlini P, Gamboni A, Gasperoni S, Rodinò C, Zironi S, Bisagni G, Porrozzi S, Cognetti F, Di Costanzo F, Canaletti R, Ruggeri EM, Camisa R and Pucci F on behalf of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research: Cisplatin, epirubicin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (PELF) is more active than 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and methotrexate (FAMTX) in advanced gastric carcinoma. Ann Oncol 14: 1258-1263, 2003.
19. Ross P, Nicolson M, Cunningham D, Valle J, Seymour M, Harper P, Price T, Anderson H, Iveson T, Hickish T, Lofts F and Norman A: Prospective randomized trial comparing mitomycin, cisplatin, and protracted venous-infusion fluorouracil (PVI 5-FU) with epirubicin, cisplatin, and PVI 5-FU in advanced esophagogastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 20(8): 1996-2004, 2002. (Pubitemid 34413593)
20. Roth AD, Fazio N, Stupp R, Falk S, Bernhard J, Saletti P, Köberle D, Borner MM, Rufibach K, Maibach R, Wernli M, Leslie M, Glynne-Jones R, Widmer L, Seymour M and de Braud F; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research: Docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil; docetaxel and cisplatin; and epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil as systemic treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma: a randomized phase II trial of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research. J Clin Oncol 25: 3217-23, 2007. (Pubitemid 47325604)
21. Ajani JA, Fodor MB, Tjulandin SA, Moiseyenko VM, Chao Y, Cabrai Filho S, Majlis A, Assadourian S and Van Cutsem E: Phase II multi-institutional randomized trial of docetaxel plus cisplatin with or without fluorouracil in patients with untreated, advanced gastric, or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 23(24): 5660-5667, 2005.
22. Thuss-Patience PC, Kretzschmar A, Repp M, Kingreen D, Hennesser D, Micheel S, Pink D, Scholz C, Dörken B and Reichardt P: Docetaxel and continuous-infusion fluorouracil versus epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma: a randomized phase II study. J Clin Oncol 23(3): 494-501, 2005. (Pubitemid 46237444)
23. Ajani JA, Moiseyenko VM, Tjulandin S, Majlis A, Constenla M, Boni C, Rodrigues A, Fodor M, Chao Y, Voznyi E, Awad L and Van Cutsem E, V-325 Study Group: Quality of life with docetaxel plus cisplatin and fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil from a phase III trial for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: the V-325 Study Group. J Clin Oncol 25(22): 3210-3216, 2007. (Pubitemid 47325603)
24. Ajani JA, Moiseyenko VM, Tjulandin S, Majlis A, Constenla M, Boni C, Rodrigues A, Fodor M, Chao Y, Voznyi E, Marabotti C, Van Cutsem E, V-325 Study Group: Clinical benefit with docetaxel plus fluorouracil and cisplatin compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil in a phase III trial of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer adenocarcinoma: the V-325 Study Group. J Clin Oncol 25(22): 3205-3209, 2007. (Pubitemid 47333732)
25. Kang YK, Kang WK, Shin DB, Chen J, Xiong J, Wang J, Lichinitser M, Guan Z, Khasanov R, Zheng L, Philco-Salas M, Suarez T, Santamaria J, Forster G, McCloud PI: Capecitabine/cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomised phase III non inferiority trial. Ann Oncol 20: 666-673, 2009.
26. Okines AF, Norman AR, McCloud P, Kang YK and Cunningham D: Meta-analysis of the REAL-2 and ML17032 trials: evaluating capecitabine-based combination chemotherapy and infused 5-fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced oesophago-gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 20(9): 1529-1534, 2009.
27. Koizumi W, Narahara H, Hara T, Takagane A, Akiya T, Takagi M, Miyashita K, Nishizaki T, Kobayashi O, Takiyama W, Toh Y, Nagaie T, Takagi S, Yamamura Y, Yanaoka K, Orita H and Takeuchi M: S-1 plus cisplatin versus S-1 alone for first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer (SPIRITS trial): a phase III trial. Lancet Oncol 9: 215-221, 2008.
28. Ajani JA, Rodriguez W, Bodoky G, Moiseyenko V, Lichinitser M, Gorbunova V, Vynnychenko I, Garin A, Lang I and Falcon S: Multicenter phase III comparison of cisplatin/S-1 with cisplatin/infusional fluorouracil in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma study: the FLAGS trial. J Clin Oncol 8(9): 1547-1553, 2010.
29. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search. (searched at 31/05/2011).
30. Manish AS, Ramanathan RK, Ilson DH, Levnor A, D'Adamo D, O'Reilly E, Tse A, Trocola R, Schwartz L, Capanu M, Schwartz GK and Kelsen DP: Multicenter phase II study of irinotecan, cisplatin, and bevacizumab in patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 24(33): 5001-5006, 2006.
31. El-Rayes BF, Zalupski M, Bekai-Saab T, Heilbrun LK, Hammad N, Patel B, Urba S, Shields AF, Vaishampayan U, Dawson S, Almhanna K, Smith D and Philip PA: A phase II study of bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel in locally advanced and metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers. Ann Oncol 21(10): 1999-2004, 2010.
32. Kim C, Lee JL, Ryu MH, Chang HM, Kim TW, Lim HY, Kang HJ, Park YS, Ryoo BY and Kang YK: A prospective phase II study of cetuximab in combination with XELOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) in patients with metastatic and/or recurrent advanced gastric cancer. Invest New Drags 29(2): 366-373, 2011.
33. Lordick F, Luber B, Lorenzen S, Hegewisch-Becker S, Folprecht G, Wöll E, Decker T, Endlicher E, Röthling N, Schuster T, Keller G, Fend F and Peschel C: Cetuximab plus oxaliplatin/leucovorin/5-fluorouracil in first-line metastatic gastric cancer: a phase II study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO). Br J Cancer 102(3): 500-505, 2010.
34. Pinto C, Di Fabio F, Siena S, Cascinu S, Rojas Llimpe FL, Ceccarelli C, Mutri V, Giannetta L, Giaquinta S, Funaioli C, Berardi R, Longobardi C, Piana E and Martoni AA: Phase II study of cetuximab in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (FOLCETUX study). Ann Oncol 18: 510-517, 2007. (Pubitemid 46359631)
35. Pinto C, Di Fabio F, Barone C, Siena S, Falcone A, Cascinu S, Rojas Llimpe FL, Stella G, Schinzari G, Artale S, Mutri V, Giaquinta S, Giannetta L, Bardelli A and Martoni AA: Phase II study of cetuximab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (DOCETUX study). Br J Cancer 101: 1261-1268, 2009.
36. Okines A, Ashley SE, Cunningham D, Oates J, Turner A, Webb J, Saffery C, Chua YJ and Chau I: Epirubicin, Oxaliplatin, and Capecitabine With or Without Panitumumab for Advanced Esophagogastric Cancer: Dose-finding study for the prospective multicenter, randomized, phase II/III REAL-3 Trial. J Clin Oncol 28(25): 3945-3950, 2010.
37. Bang YJ, Kang YK, Kang WK, Boku N, Chung HC, Chen JS, Doi T, Sun Y, Shen L, Qin S, Ng WT, Tursi JM, Lechuga MJ, Lu DR, Ruiz-Garcia A and Sobrero A: Phase II study of sunitinib as second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Invest New Drags May 12 [Epub ahead of print] 2010.
38. Moehler MH, Hartmann JT, Lordick F, Al-Batran S, Reimer P, Trarbach T, Ebert MP, Daum S, Weihrauch M and Galleet PR: An open-label, multicenter phase II trial of sunitinib for patients with chemorefractory metastatic gastric cancer. Proc ASCO 28:15S(Part 1): Abstr e14503, 2010.
39. Sun W, Powell M, O'Dwyer PJ, Catalano P, Ansari RH and Benson AB 3rd. Phase II study of sorafenib in combination with docetaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of metastatic or advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: ECOG 5203. J Clin Oncol 28(18): 2947-2951, 2010.
40. Doi T, Muro K, Boku N, Yamada Y, Nishina T, Takiuchi H, Komatsu Y, Hamamoto Y, Ohno N, Fujita Y, Robson M and Ohtsu A: A Multicenter phase II study of everolimus in patients with previously treated metastatic gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 28(11): 1904-1910, 2010.
41. Wesolowski R, Lee C and Kim R: Is there a role for second-line chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer? Lancet Oncol 10(9): 903-912, 2009.
42. Catalano V, Graziano F, Santini D, D'Emidio S, Baldelli AM, Rossi D, Vincenzi B, Giordani PAlessandroni P, Testa E, Tonini G and Catalano G: Second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer: Who may benefit? Br J Cancer 99: 14021407, 2008.
43. Ji SH, Lim do H, Yi SY, Kim HS, Jun HJ, Kim KH, Chang MH, Park MJ, Uhm JE, Lee J, Park SH, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY and Kang WK: A retrospective analysis of second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 9: 110, 2009.
44. Chau I, Norman AR and Ross PJ: Multivariate prognostic factor analysis and second-line treatment in locally advanced and metastatic oesophago-gastric cancer, pooled analysis of 1080 patients from three multicentre randomised controlled trials using individual patient data. Proc Gastrointestinal cancer symposium, Abstr 5, 2004.
45. Thuss-Patience PC, Kretzschmar A, Deist T, Hinke A, Bichev D, Lebedinzew B, Schumacher G, Gebauer B, Maier V and Reichardt P: Irinotecan versus best supportive care (BSC) as second-line therapy in gastric cancer: A randomized phase III study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO). J Clin Oncol 27: 15S, Abstr 4540, 2009.
46. Park SH, Lim DH, Park K, Lee S, Oh SY, Kwon H, Kang JH, Hwang IG, Lee J, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY and Kang WK: A multicenter, randomized phase III trial comparing second-line chemotherapy (SLC) plus best supportive care (BSC) with BSC alone for pretreated advanced gastric cancer (AGC), Proc ASCO 29(18S) (Part I): Abstr 4004, 2011.
47. Assersohn L, Brown G, Cunningham D, Ward C, Oates J, Waters JS, Hill ME and Norman AR: Phase II study of irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in patients with primary refractory or relapsed advanced oesophageal and gastric carcinoma. Ann Oncol 15(1): 64-69, 2004. (Pubitemid 38145530)
48. Baek JH, Kim JG, Sohn SK, Kim DH, Lee KB, Song HS, Kwon KY, Do YR, Ryoo HM, Bae SH, Park KU, Kim MK, Lee KH, Hyun MS, Chung HY and Yu W: Biweekly irinotecan and cisplatin as second-line chemotherapy in pretreated patients with advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter phase II study. J Korean Med Sci 20(6): 966-970, 2005.
49. Chun JH, Kim HK, Lee JS, Choi JY, Lee HG, Yoon SM, Choi IJ, Ryu KW, Kim YW and Bae JM: Weekly irinotecan in patients with metastatic gastric cancer failing cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 34(1): 8-13, 2004. (Pubitemid 43118052)
50. Giuliani F, Molica S, Maiello E, Battaglia C, Gebbia V, Di Bisceglie M, Vinciarelli G, Gebbia N and Colucci G: Irinotecan (CPT-11) and mitomycin-C (MMC) as second-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer: a phase II study of the Gruppo Oncologico dell' Italia Meridionale (prot. 2106). Am J Clin Oncol 28(6): 581-585, 2005. (Pubitemid 41790010)
51. Kanat O, Evrensel T, Manavoglu O, Demiray M, Kurt E, Gonullu G, Kiyici M and Arslan M: Single-agent irinotecan as second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. Tumori 89(4): 405-407, 2003. (Pubitemid 37279923)
52. Kim SG, Oh SY, Kwon HC, Lee S, Kim JH, Kim SH and Kim HJ: A phase II study of irinotecan with bi-weekly, low-dose leucovorin and bolus and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (modified FOLFIRI) as salvage therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 37: 744-749, 2007. (Pubitemid 350123351)
53. Kim SH, Lee GW, Il Go S, Cho SH, Kim HJ, Kim HG and Kang JH: A Phase II Study of Irinotecan, Continuous 5-lluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFIRI) combination chemotherapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer previously treated with a fluoropyrimidine-based regimen. Am J Clin Oncol 33(6): 572-576, 2010.
54. Kim ST, Kang WK, Kang JH, Park KW, Lee J, Lee SH, Park JO, Kim K, Kim WS, Jung CW, Park YS, Im YH and Park K: Salvage chemotherapy with irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin for taxane- and cisplatin-refractory, metastatic gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 92(10): 1850-1854, 2005. (Pubitemid 40826132)
55. Leary A, Assersohn L, Cunningham D, Norman AR, Chong G, Brown G, Ross PJ, Costello C, Higgins L and Oates J: A phase II trial evaluating capecitabine and irinotecan as second line treatment in patients with oesophago-gastric cancer who have progressed on, or within 3 months of platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 64(3): 455-462, 2009.
56. Lorizzo K, Fazio N, Radice D, Boselli S, Ariu L, Zampino MG, Nolè F, Magni E, Ardito R, Minchella I, Rocca A, Di Meglio G, Squadroni M and de Braud F: Simplified FOLFIRI in pre-treated patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 64(2): 301-306, 2009.
57. Seo MD, Lee KW, Lim JH, Yi HG, Kim DY, Oh DY, Kim JH, Im SA, Kim TY, Lee JS and Bang YJ: Irinotecan combined with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin as second-line chemotherapy for metastatic or relapsed gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 38(9): 589-595, 2008.
58. Shimada S, Yagi Y, Kuramoto M, Aoki N and Ogawa M: Second-line chemotherapy with combined irinotecan and low-dose cisplatin for patients with metastatic gastric carcinoma resistant to 5-fluorouracil. Oncol Rep 10(3): 687-691, 2003.
59. Sun Q, Hang M, Xu W, Mao W, Hang X, Li M and Zhang J: Irinotecan plus capecitabine as a second-line treatment after failure of 5-fluorouracil and platinum in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 39(12): 791-796, 2009.
60. Suzuki S, Harada N, Takeo Y, Tanaka S, Hayashi T, Suzuki M and Hanyu F: Bi-weekly irinotecan hydrochloride and cisplatin as a second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 34(13): 2245-2248, 2007 (in Japanese).
61. Takahari D, Shimada Y, Takeshita S, Nishitani H, Takashima A, Okita N, Hirashima Y, Kato K, Hamaguchi T, Yamada Y and Shirao K: Second-line chemotherapy with irinotecan plus cisplatin after the failure of S-1 monotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 13(3): 186-119, 2010.
62. Ueda S, Hironaka S, Boku N, Fukutomi A, Yoshino T and Onozawa Y: Combination chemotherapy with irinotecan and cisplatin in pretreated patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 9(3): 203-207, 2006. (Pubitemid 44426894)
63. Yoshida T, Yoshikawa T, Tsuburaya A, Kobayashi O, Hasegawa 5, Osaragi T and Sairenji M: Feasibility study of biweekly CPT-11 plus CDDP for S-1- and paclitaxel-refractory, metastatic gastric cancer. Anticancer Res 26(2B): 1595-1598, 2006.
64. Barone C, Basso M, Schinzari G, Pozzo C, Trigila N, D'Argento E, Quirino M, Astone A, Cassano A: Docetaxel and oxaliplatin combination in second-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 10(2): 104-111, 2007. (Pubitemid 46955936)
65. Chon HJ, Rha SY, Im CK, Kim C, Hong MH, Kim HR, An JR, Noh SH, Chung HC and Jeung HC: Docetaxel versus paclitaxel combined with 5-FU and leucovorin in advanced gastric cancer: combined analysis of two phase II trials. Cancer Res Treat 41(4): 196-204, 2009.
66. Giuliani F, Gebbia V, De Vita F, Maiello E, Di Bisceglie M, Catalano G, Gebbia N and Colucci G: Docetaxel as salvage therapy in advanced gastric cancer: a phase II study of the Gruppo Oncologico Italia Meridionale (G.O.I.M.). Anticancer Res 23(5B): 4219-4222, 2003. (Pubitemid 37474923)
67. Jo JC, Lee JL, Ryu MH, Sym SJ, Lee SS, Chang HM, Kim TW, Lee JS and Kang YK: Docetaxel monotherapy as a second-line treatment after failure of fluoropyrimidine and platinum in advanced gastric cancer: experience of 154 patients with prognostic factor analysis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 37(12): 936-941, 2007. (Pubitemid 351176485)
68. Kunisaki C, Imada T, Yamada R, Hatori S, Ono H, Otsuka Y, Matsuda G, Nomura M, Akiyama H, Kubo A and Shimada H: Phase II study of docetaxel plus cisplatin as a second-line combined therapy in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Anticancer Res 25: 2973-2977, 2005.
69. Lee JL, Ryu MH, Chang HM, Kim TW, Yook JH, Oh ST, Kim BS, Kim M, Chun YJ, Lee JS and Kang YK: A phase II study of docetaxel as salvage chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer after failure of fluoropyrimidine and platinum combination chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 61(4): 631-637, 2008.
70. Nakajima Y, Suzuki T, Haruki S, Ogiya K, Kawada K, Nishikage T, Nagai K and Kawano T: A pilot trial of docetaxel and nedaplatin in cisplatin-pretreated relapsed or refractory esophageal squamous cell cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 55(86-87): 1631-1635, 2008.
71. Nguyen S, Rebischung C, Van Ongeval J, Flesch M, Bennamoun M, André T, Ychou M, Gamelin E, Carola E and Louvet C: Epirubicin-docetaxel in advanced gastric cancer: two phase II studies as second and first line treatment. Bull Cancer 93(1): E1-6, 2006.
72. Park SH, Kang WK, Lee HR, Park J, Lee KE, Lee SH, Park JO, Kim K, Kim WS, Chung CW, Im YH, Lee MH, Park CH and Park K: Docetaxel plus cisplatin as second-line therapy in metastatic or recurrent advanced gastric cancer progressing on 5-fluorouracilbased regimen. Am J Clin Oncol 27(5): 477-480, 2004. (Pubitemid 39371942)
73. Polyzos A, Tsavaris N, Kosmas C, Polyzos K, Giannopoulos A, Felekouras E, Nikiteas N, Kouraklis G, Griniatsos J, Safioleas M, Stamatakos MPikoulis E, Papachristodoulou A and Gogas H: Subsets of patients with advanced gastric cancer responding to second-line chemotherapy with docetaxel-cisplatin. Anticancer Res 26: 3749-3753, 2006. (Pubitemid 44701454)
74. Rosati G, Bilancia D, Germano D, Dinota A, Romano R, Reggiardo G and Manzione L: Reduced dose intensity of docetaxel plus capecitabine as second-line palliative chemotherapy in patients with metastatic gastric cancer: a phase II study. Ann Oncol 18(Suppl 6): 128-132, 2007.
75. Shin SJ, Kim MK, Lee KH, Hyun MS, Kim SW, Song SK, Bae SH and Ryoo HM: The Efficacy of Docetaxel and Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer after failing 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Cancer Res Treat 36(6): 367-371, 2004.
76. Sym SJ, Chang HM, Kang HJ, Lee SS, Ryu MH, Lee JL, Kim TW, Yook JH, Oh ST, Kim BS and Kang YK: A phase II study of irinotecan and docetaxel combination chemotherapy for patients with previously treated metastatic or recurrent advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 63(1):1-8, 2008.
77. Yildiz R, Kalender ME, Dane F, Sevinc A, Gumus M, Camci C, Alici S, Kaya AO, Yaman E, Ozturk B, Coskun U, Benekli M, Uncu D and Buyukberber S: Docetaxel combined with oral etoposide as second-line treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma after failure of platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based regimens. J Oncol Pharm Pract 16(3): 173-182, 2010.
78. Zhong H, Zhang Y, Ma S, Ying JE, Yang Y, Yong D, Hang X, Sun Q, Zhong B and Wang D: Docetaxel plus oxaliplatin (DOCOX) as a second-line treatment after failure of fluoropyrimidine and platinum in Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Drugs 19(10): 1013-1018, 2008.
79. Arai W, Hosoya Y, Hyodo M, Harata H, Kurashina K, Saito S, Hirashima Y, Yokoyama T, Zuiki T, Sakuma K, Yasuda Y and Nagai H: Doxifluridine combined with weekly paclitaxel for second-line treatment in patients with gastric cancer resistant to TS-1. Int J Clin Oncol 12(2): 146-149, 2007. (Pubitemid 46632464)
80. Baize N, Abakar-Mahamat A, Mounier N, Berthier F and Caroli-Bosc FX: Phase II study of paclitaxel combined with capecitabine as second-line treatment for advanced gastric carcinoma after failure of cisplatin-based regimens. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 64(3): 549-555, 2009.
81. Hironaka S, Zenda S, Boku N, Fukutomi A, Yoshino T and Onozawa Y: Weekly paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 9(1): 14-18, 2006.
82. Im CK, Rha SY, Jeung HC, Jeong J, Lee SH, Noh SH, Roh JK and Chung HC: A phase II feasibility study of weekly paclitaxel in heavily pretreated advanced gastric cancer patients with poor performance status. Oncology 77(6): 349-357, 2009.
83. Kodera Y, Ito S, Mochizuki Y, Fujitake S, Koshikawa K, Kanyama Y, Matsui T, Kojima H, Takase T, Ohashi N, Fujiwara M, Sakamoto J and Akimasa N; Chubu Clinical Cancer Group: A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric Cancer (CCOG0302 study). Anticancer Res 27(4C): 2667-2671, 2007. (Pubitemid 47227980)
84. Koizumi W, Akiya T, Sato A, Yamaguchi K, Sakuyama T, Nakayama N, Tanabe S, Higuchi K, Sasaki T and Sekikawa T: Second-line chemotherapy with biweekly paclitaxel after failure of fluoropyrimidine-based treatment in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer: a report from the gastrointestinal oncology group of the Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, TCOG GC-0501 trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 39(11): 713-719, 2009.
85. Matsuda G, Kunisaki C, Makino H, Fukahori M, Kimura J, Sato T, Oshima T, Nagano Y, Fuii S, Takagawa R, Kosaka T, Ono HA, Akiyama H and Ichikawa Y: Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel as a second-line treatment for S-1-refractory advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Res 29(7): 2863-2867, 2009.
86. Rino Y, Yukawa N, Murakami H, Wada N, Yamada R, Hayashi T, Sato T, Ohshima T, Masuda M and Imada T: Phase II study of S-1 monotherapy as a first-line combination therapy of S-1 plus cisplatin as a second-line therapy, and weekly paclitaxel monotherapy as a third-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma: A Second Report. Clin Med Insights Oncol 4: 1-10, 2010.
87. Shimoyama R, Yasui H, Boku N, Onozawa Y, Hironaka S, Fukutomi A, Yamazaki K, Taku K, Kojima T, Machida N, Todaka A, Tomita H, Sakamoto T and Tsushima T: Weekly paclitaxel for heavily treated advanced or recurrent gastric cancer refractory to fluorouracil, irinotecan, and cisplatin. Gastric Cancer 12(4): 206-211, 2009.
88. Takiuchi H, Goto M, Imamura H, Furukawa H, Imano M, Imamoto H, Kimura Y, Ishida H, Fujitani K, Narahara H and Shimokawa T: Multi-center phase II study for combination therapy with paclitaxel/doxifluridine to treat advanced/recurrent gastric cancer showing resistance to S-1 (OGSG 0302). Jpn J Clin Oncol 38(3): 176-181, 2008. (Pubitemid 351419740)
89. Yamaguchi K, Nakagawa S, Yabusaki H and Nashimoto A: Combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and paclitaxel for pretreated patients with advanced gastric cancer. Anticancer Res 27(5B): 3535-3539, 2007. (Pubitemid 47607499)
90. Kim DY, Kim JH, Lee S, Kim TY, Heo DS, Bang YJ and Kim NK: Phase II study of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in previously platinum-treated patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 14: 383-387, 2003. (Pubitemid 36367414)
91. Seo HY, Kim DS, Choi YS, Sung HJ, Park KH, Choi IK, Kim SJ, Oh SC, Seo JH, Choi CW, Kim BS, Shin SW, Kim YH and Kim JS: Treatment outcomes of oxaliplatin, 5-FU, and leucovorin as salvage therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer: a retrospective analysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 63: 433-739, 2008.
92. Jeong J, Jeung HC, Rha SY, Im CK, Shin SJ, Ahn JB, Noh SH, Roh JK and Chung HC: Phase II study of combination chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil, low-dose leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FLOX regimen) in pretreated advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 19: 1135-1140, 2008. (Pubitemid 351796339)
93. Jeung HC, Rha SY, Shin SJ, Ahn JB, Noh SH, Roh JK and Chung HC: A phase II study of S-1 monotherapy administered for 2 weeks of a 3-week cycle in advanced gastric cancer patients with poor performance status. Br J Cancer 97(4): 458-463, 2007. (Pubitemid 47258455)
94. Ono A, Boku N, Onozawa Y, Hironaka S, Fukutomi A, Yasui H, Yamazaki K, Yoshino T, Taku K and Kojima T: Activity of S-1 in advanced or recurrent gastric cancer patients after failure of prior chemotherapy, including irinotecan + cisplatin or fluorouracil (except S-1). Jpn J Clin Oncol 39(5): 332-335, 2009.
95. Park SH, Kim YS, Hong J, Park J, Nam E, Cho EK, Shin DB, Lee JH, Lee WK and Chung M: Mitomycin C plus S-1 as second-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a noncomparative phase II study. Anticancer Drags 19(3): 303-307, 2008.
96. Hartmann JT, Pintoffl JP, Al-Batran SE, Quietzsch D, Meisinger I, Horger M, Nehls O, Bokemeyer C, Königsrainer A, Jäger E and Kanz L: Mitomycin C plus infusional 5-fluorouracil in platinum-refractory gastric adenocarcinoma: an extended multicenter phase II study. Onkologie 30(5): 235-240, 2007. (Pubitemid 46674905)