Gadolinium and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Have We Overreacted?

Seminars in Dialysis

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 480-486

  Penfield, Jeffrey G ^a   Reilly, Robert F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTRAST MEDIUM; GADOLINIUM; IODINE DERIVATIVE;

CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DISEASE COURSE; EDITORIAL; HUMAN; NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS; RISK FACTOR;

CONTRAST MEDIA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GADOLINIUM; HUMANS; IODINE COMPOUNDS; NEPHROGENIC FIBROSING DERMOPATHY; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 80054678346     PISSN: 08940959     EISSN: 1525139X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2011.00945.x     Document Type: Editorial

References (42)

1. Cowper SE, Robin HS, Steinberg SM, Su LD, Gupta S, LeBoit PE: Scleromyxoedema-like cutaneous diseases in renal-dialysis patients. Lancet 356:1000-1001, 2000
2. Grobner T: Gadolinium - a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis? Nephrol Dial Transplant 21:1104-1108, 2006
3. Broome DR, Girguis MS, Baron PW, Cottrell AC, Kjellin I, Kirk GA: Gadodiamide-associated nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: why radiologists should be concerned. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188:586-592, 2007
4. Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K, Heaf JG, Thomsen HS: Case-control study of gadodiamide-related nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22:3174-3178, 2007
5. Othersen JB, Maize JC, Woolson RF, Budisavljevic MN: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after exposure to gadolinium in patients with renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22:3179-3185, 2007
6. Prince MR, Zhang HL, Prowda JC, Grossman ME, Silvers DN: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and its impact on abdominal imaging. Radiographics 29:1565-1574, 2009
7. Abdel-Kader K, Patel PR, Kallen AJ, Sinkowitz-Cochran RL, Bolton WK, Unruh ML: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a survey of nephrologists' perceptions and practices. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:964-971, 2010
8. Perez-Rodriguez J, Lai S, Ehst BD, Fine DM, Bluemke DA: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: incidence, associations, and effect of risk factor assessment - report of 33 cases. Radiology 250:371-377, 2009
9. Collidge TA, Thomson PC, Mark PB, Traynor JP, Jardine AG, Morris ST, Simpson K, Roditi GH: Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: retrospective study of a renal replacement therapy cohort. Radiology 245:168-175, 2007
10. Deo A, Fogel M, Cowper SE: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a population study examining the relationship of disease development to gadolinium exposure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2:264-267, 2007
11. Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K, Dupont A, Damholt MB, Heaf JG, Thomsen HS: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:2359-2362, 2006
12. Sadowski EA, Bennett LK, Chan MR, Wentland AL, Garrett AL, Garrett RW, Djamali A: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: risk factors and incidence estimation. Radiology 243:148-157, 2007
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy associated with exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents - St. Louis, Missouri, 2002-2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 56:137-141, 2007
14. Lauenstein TC, Salman K, Morreira R, Tata S, Tudorascu D, Baramidze G, Singh-Parker S, Martin DR: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: center case review. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:1198-1203, 2007
15. Shabana WM, Cohan RH, Ellis JH, Hussain HK, Francis IR, Su LD, Mukherji SK, Swartz RD: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a report of 29 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190:736-741, 2008
16. Bahrami S, Raman SS, Sauk S, Salehmoghaddam S, Villablanca JP, Finn JP, Lu DS: Ten-year experience with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: case-control analysis of risk factors. J Comput Assist Tomogr 33:819-823, 2009
17. Heinz-Peer G, Neruda A, Watschinger B, Vychytil A, Geusau A, Haumer M, Weber M: Prevalence of NSF following intravenous gadolinium-contrast media administration in dialysis patients with endstage renal disease. Eur J Radiol 76:129-134, 2010
18. Rydahl C, Thomsen HS, Marckmann P: High prevalence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in chronic renal failure patients exposed to gadodiamide, a gadolinium-containing magnetic resonance contrast agent. Invest Radiol 43:141-144, 2008
19. Kallen AJ, Jhung MA, Cheng S, Hess T, Turabelidze G, Abramova L, Arduino M, Guarner J, Pollack B, Saab G, Patel PR: Gadolinium-containing magnetic resonance imaging contrast and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a case-control study. Am J Kidney Dis 51:966-975, 2008
20. Reilly RF: Risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with gadoteridol (ProHance) in patients who are on long-term hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3:747-751, 2008
21. Penfield JG, Reilly RF: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis risk: is there a difference between gadolinium-based contrast agents? Semin Dial 21:129-134, 2008
22. Perazella MA, Reilly RF: Imaging patients with kidney disease: how do we approach contrast-related toxicity? Am J Med Sci 341:215-221, 2011
23. Broome DR: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis associated with gadolinium based contrast agents: a summary of the medical literature reporting. Eur J Radiol 66:230-234, 2008
24. Abujudeh HH, Kaewlai R, Kagan A, Chibnik LB, Nazarian RM, High WA, Kay J: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after gadopentetate dimeglumine exposure: case series of 36 patients. Radiology 253:81-89, 2009
25. US Food and Drug Administration: Advisory Committee Briefing Document Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee Gadolinium Based Contrast Agents. Document ID: BDI-REP-AO3855.09-PH-NSF-B001804-1.0. October 30, 2009. Available at, accessed March 29, 2011
26. Kanal E, Barkovich AJ, Bell C, Borgstede JP, Bradley WG Jr, Froelich JW, Gilk T, Gimbel JR, Gosbee J, Kuhni-Kaminski E, Lester JW Jr, Nyenhuis J, Parag Y, Schaefer DJ, Sebek-Scoumis EA, Weinreb J, Zaremba LA, Wilcox P, Lucey L, Sass N: ACR guidance document for safe MR practices: 2007. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188:1447-1474, 2007
27. Okada S, Katagiri K, Kumazaki T, Yokoyama H: Safety of gadolinium contrast agent in hemodialysis patients. Acta Radiol 42:339-341, 2001
28. Prince MR, Zhang H, Morris M, MacGregor JL, Grossman ME, Silberzweig J, DeLapaz RL, Lee HJ, Magro CM, Valeri AM: Incidence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis at two large medical centers. Radiology 248:807-816, 2008
29. Martin DR, Krishnamoorthy SK, Kalb B, Salman KN, Sharma P, Carew JD, Martin PA, Chapman AB, Ray GL, Larsen CP, Pearson TC: Decreased incidence of NSF in patients on dialysis after changing gadolinium contrast-enhanced MRI protocols. J Magn Reson Imaging 31:440-446, 2010
30. Altun E, Martin DR, Wertman R, Lugo-Somolinos A, Fuller ER 3rd, Semelka RC: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: change in incidence following a switch in gadolinium agents and adoption of a gadolinium policy - report from two U.S. universities. Radiology 253:689-696, 2009
31. Prince MR, Zhang H, Zou Z, Staron RB, Brill PW: Incidence of immediate gadolinium contrast media reactions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 196:W138-W143, 2011
32. Perazella MA: Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy: an update. Minerva Urol Nefrol 61:215-233, 2009
33. Xue JL, Daniels F, Star RA, Kimmel PL, Eggers PW, Molitoris BA, Himmelfarb J, Collins AJ: Incidence and mortality of acute renal failure in Medicare beneficiaries, 1992 to 2001. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:1135-1142, 2006
34. Loef BG, Epema AH, Smilde TD, Henning RH, Ebels T, Navis G, Stegeman CA: Immediate postoperative renal function deterioration in cardiac surgical patients predicts in-hospital mortality and long-term survival. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:195-200, 2005
35. Solomon RJ, Mehran R, Natarajan MK, Doucet S, Katholi RE, Staniloae CS, Sharma SK, Labinaz M, Gelormini JL, Barrett BJ: Contrast-induced nephropathy and long-term adverse events: cause and effect? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4:1162-1169, 2009
36. Smith-Bindman R, Lipson J, Marcus R, Kim K-P, Mahesh M, Gould R, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Miglioretti DL: Radiation dose associated with common computed tomography examinations and the associated lifetime attributable risk of cancer. Arch Intern Med 169:2078-2086, 2009
37. Thomsen HS, Bush WH Jr: Adverse effects of contrast media: incidence, prevention and management. Drug Saf 19:313-324, 1998
38. Namasivayam S, Kalra MK, Torres WE, Small WC: Adverse reactions to intravenous iodinated contrast media: an update. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 35:164-169, 2006
39. Kim KH, Fonda JR, Lawler EV, Gagnon D, Kaufman JS: Change in use of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance studies in kidney disease patients after US Food and Drug Administration warnings: a cross-sectional study of Veterans Affairs Health Care System data from 2005-2008. Am J Kidney Dis 56:458-467, 2010
40. US Food and Drug Administration: Joint Meeting of the Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs and Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents & Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis FDA Briefing Document. December 8, 2009. Available at, accessed March 29, 2011
41. Parienti JJ, Thirion M, Megarbane B, Souweine B, Ouchikhe A, Polito A, Forel JM, Marque S, Misset B, Airapetian N, Daurel C, Mira JP, Ramakers M, du Cheyron D, Le Coutour X, Daubin C, Charbonneau P: Femoral vs jugular venous catheterization and risk of nosocomial events in adults requiring acute renal replacement therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299:2413-2422, 2008
42. US Food and Drug Administration: FDA News release. March 15, 2011. Available at, accessed March 29, 2011