Agricultural, socioeconomic and environmental variables as risks for human verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection in Finland

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 11, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Jalava, Katri ^a   Ollgren, Jukka ^a   Eklund, Marjut ^a   Siitonen, Anja ^a   Kuusi, Markku ^a  

^a NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FRESH WATER; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGRICULTURE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIOPHAGE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BAYES THEOREM; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATION; ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND RELATED PHENOMENA; FEMALE; FINLAND; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PULSED FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; SCHOOL CHILD; SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI; SOCIOECONOMICS; CLASSIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTION; GENETICS; INFANT; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MOLECULAR TYPING; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ELECTROPHORESIS, GEL, PULSED-FIELD; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, STATISTICAL; MOLECULAR TYPING; RISK FACTORS; SHIGA-TOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 80054096985     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-275     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Henderson H. Direct and indirect zoonotic transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008, 232(6):848-859. 10.2460/javma.232.6.848, 18341438.
2. Eklund M, Nuorti JP, Ruutu P, Siitonen A. Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in Finland during 1998-2002: a population-based surveillance study. Epidemiol Infect 2005, 133(5):845-852. 10.1017/S0950268805004450, 2870315, 16181504.
3. Brooks JT, Sowers EG, Wells JG, Greene KD, Griffin PM, Hoekstra RM, Strockbine NA. Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in the United States, 1983-2002. J Infect Dis 2005, 192(8):1422-1429. 10.1086/466536, 16170761.
4. Pearl DL, Louie M, Chui L, Dore K, Grimsrud KM, Leedell D, Martin SW, Michel P, Svenson LW, McEwen SA. The use of outbreak information in the interpretation of clustering of reported cases of Escherichia coli O157 in space and time in Alberta, Canada, 2000-2002. Epidemiol Infect 2006, 134(4):699-711. 10.1017/S0950268805005741, 2870460, 16388687.
5. National Infectious Disease Register (NIDR). , http://www3.ktl.fi/stat
6. Hancock DD, Besser TE, Rice DH, Ebel ED, Herriott DE, Carpenter LV. Multiple sources of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlots and dairy farms in the northwestern USA. Prev Vet Med 1998, 35(1):11-19. 10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00050-6, 9638776.
7. Heinikainen S, Pohjanvirta T, Eklund M, Siitonen A, Pelkonen S. Tracing shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli O103, O145, and O174 infections from farm residents to cattle. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45(11):3817-3820. 10.1128/JCM.00198-07, 2168472, 17804658.
8. Lahti E, Eklund M, Ruutu P, Siitonen A, Rantala L, Nuorti P, Honkanen-Buzalski T. Use of phenotyping and genotyping to verify transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from dairy farms. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002, 21(3):189-195. 10.1007/s10096-001-0682-0, 11957020.
9. Parry SM, Salmon RL, Willshaw GA, Cheasty T. Risk factors for and prevention of sporadic infections with vero cytotoxin (shiga toxin) producing Escherichia coli O157. Lancet 1998, 351(9108):1019-1022. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)08376-1, 9546508.
10. Locking M, Allison L, Rae L, Pollock K, Hanson M. VTEC infections and livestock-related exposures in Scotland, 2004. Euro Surveill 2006, 11(2):E060223-060224.
11. O'Brien SJ, Adak GK, Gilham C. Contact with farming environment as a major risk factor for Shiga toxin (Vero cytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli O157 infection in humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2001, 7(6):1049-1051. 10.3201/eid0706.010626, 2631906, 11747741.
12. Michel P, Wilson JB, Martin SW, Clarke RC, McEwen SA, Gyles CL. Temporal and geographical distributions of reported cases of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in Ontario. Epidemiol Infect 1999, 122(2):193-200. 10.1017/S0950268899002083, 2809606, 10355782.
13. Valcour JE, Michel P, McEwen SA, Wilson JB. Associations between indicators of livestock farming intensity and incidence of human Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2002, 8(3):252-257. 10.3201/eid0803.010159, 2732476, 11927021.
14. Kistemann T, Zimmer S, Vagsholm I, Andersson Y. GIS-supported investigation of human EHEC and cattle VTEC O157 infections in Sweden: geographical distribution, spatial variation and possible risk factors. Epidemiol Infect 2004, 132(3):495-505. 10.1017/S0950268803001729, 2870128, 15188718.
15. Innocent GT, Mellor DJ, McEwen SA, Reilly WJ, Smallwood J, Locking ME, Shaw DJ, Michel P, Taylor DJ, Steele WB, et al. Spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cases of Escherichia coli O157 in Scotland, 1996-1999. Epidemiol Infect 2005, 133(6):1033-1041. 10.1017/S0950268805003687, 2870336, 16274499.
16. Haus-Cheymol R, Espie E, Che D, Vaillant V, H DEV, Desenclos JC. Association between indicators of cattle density and incidence of paediatric haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) in children under 15 years of age in France between 1996 and 2001: an ecological study. Epidemiol Infect 2006, 134(4):712-718. 10.1017/S095026880500542X, 2870442, 16371171.
17. Pebody RG, Furtado C, Rojas A, McCarthy N, Nylen G, Ruutu P, Leino T, Chalmers R, de Jong B, Donnelly M, Fisher I, Gilham C, Graverson L, Cheasty T, Willshaw G, Navarro M, Salmon R, Leinikki P, Wall P, Bartlett C. An international outbreak of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infection amongst tourists; a challenge for the European infectious disease surveillance network. Epidemiol Infect 1999, 123(2):217-223. 10.1017/S0950268899002940, 2810752, 10579440.
18. Hadler JL, Clogher P, Hurd S, Phan Q, Mandour M, Bemis K, Marcus R. Ten-Year Trends and Risk Factors for Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Found Through Shiga Toxin Testing, Connecticut, 2000-2009. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 53(3):269-276. 10.1093/cid/cir377, 21765075.
19. Paunio M, Pebody R, Keskimaki M, Kokki M, Ruutu P, Oinonen S, Vuotari V, Siitonen A, Lahti E, Leinikki P. Swimming-associated outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Epidemiol Infect 1999, 122(1):1-5. 10.1017/S0950268898001927, 2809580, 10098778.
20. Olsen SJ, Miller G, Breuer T, Kennedy M, Higgins C, Walford J, McKee G, Fox K, Bibb W, Mead P. A waterborne outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome: implications for rural water systems. Emerg Infect Dis 2002, 8(4):370-375. 10.3201/eid0804.000218, 2730238, 11971769.
21. Hilbe JM. Negative binomial regression - understanding and modeling overdispersed count data. 2011, Cambridge University Press, 2.
22. Ridout M, Demétrio CGB, Hinde J. Models for count data with many zeros. International Biometric Conference 1998, Cape Town.
23. Berrang-Ford L, Berke O, Sweeney S, Abdelrahman L. Sleeping sickness in southeastern Uganda: a spatio-temporal analysis of disease risk, 1970-2003. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010, 10(10):977-988. 10.1089/vbz.2008.0196, 20482341.
24. Carrel M, Voss P, Streatfield PK, Yunus M, Emch M. Protection from annual flooding is correlated with increased cholera prevalence in Bangladesh: a zero-inflated regression analysis. Environ Health 2010, 9:13. 10.1186/1476-069X-9-13, 2856547, 20307294.
25. Gonzales-Barron U, Kerr M, Sheridan JJ, Butler F. Count data distributions and their zero-modified equivalents as a framework for modelling microbial data with a relatively high occurrence of zero counts. Int J Food Microbiol 2010, 136(3):268-277. 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.016, 19913934.
26. Spiegelharter D, Thomas A, Best N. WinBUGS Version 1.4. User Manual. MRC Biostatistics Unit 1999,
27. Besag J, York J, Mollié A. Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics. Ann Inst Statist Math 1991, 43(1):1-59.
28. Lunn DJ, Thomas A, Best N, Spiegelharter D. WinBUGS -- a Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Statistics and computing 2000, 10:325-337.
29. Congdon P. Bayesian models for categorical data. 2005, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
30. Ntzoufras I. Bayesian modelling using WinBUGS. 2009, Wiley.
31. Erickson MC, Doyle MP. Food as a vehicle for transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Food Prot 2007, 70(10):2426-2449.
32. Chang M, Groseclose SL, Zaidi AA, Braden CR. An ecological analysis of sociodemographic factors associated with the incidence of salmonellosis, shigellosis, and E. coli O157:H7 infections in US counties. Epidemiol Infect 2009, 137(6):810-820. 10.1017/S0950268808001477, 18947443.
33. Lahti E, Keskimaki M, Rantala L, Hyvonen P, Siitonen A, Honkanen-Buzalski T. Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 in Finnish cattle. Vet Microbiol 2001, 79(3):239-251. 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00355-2, 11240102.
34. Boqvist S, Aspan A, Eriksson E. Prevalence of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fecal and ear samples from slaughtered cattle in Sweden. J Food Prot 2009, 72(8):1709-1712.
35. Lahti E, Ruoho O, Rantala L, Hanninen ML, Honkanen-Buzalski T. Longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in a cattle finishing unit. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003, 69(1):554-561. 10.1128/AEM.69.1.554-561.2003, 152377, 12514041.
36. Finland's environmental administration. , http://www.ymparistokeskus.fi/default.asp?node=4032&lan=en
37. Garvey P, McKeown P, Carroll A, McNamara E. Epidemiology of Verotoxigenic E. coli in Irland, 2009. EpiInsight 2010, 11(9):1-9.
38. Gautam R, Bani-Yaghoub M, Neill WH, Dopfer D, Kaspar C, Ivanek R. Modeling the effect of seasonal variation in ambient temperature on the transmission dynamics of a pathogen with a free-living stage: example of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a dairy herd. Prev Vet Med 2011, 102(1):10-21. 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.06.008, 21764472.
39. Nygard K, Andersson Y, Rottingen JA, Svensson A, Lindback J, Kistemann T, Giesecke J. Association between environmental risk factors and campylobacter infections in Sweden. Epidemiol Infect 2004, 132(2):317-325. 10.1017/S0950268803001900, 2870108, 15061507.
40. Coia JE, Sharp JCM, Curnow J, Reilly WJ. Ten years of experience of Escherichia coli O157 in Scotland (1984-1993). Recent advances in Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia Coli O157 in Scotland (1984-1993) 1994, 41-44. Elsevier Science B.V, Karmali MA, Goglio AG.
41. Simonsen J, Frisch M, Ethelberg S. Socioeconomic risk factors for bacterial gastrointestinal infections. Epidemiology 2008, 19(2):282-290. 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181633c19, 18300694.
42. Patil SR, Cates S, Morales R. Consumer food safety knowledge, practices, and demographic differences: findings from a meta-analysis. J Food Prot 2005, 68(9):1884-1894.
43. Cheasty T, Allerberger F, Beutin L, Caprioli A, Heuvelink A, Karch H, Lofdahl S, Pierard D, Scheutz F, Siitonen A, et al. VTEC O157 phage types isolated from 15 European countries: 1997-1999. 4th International Symposium and Workshop on "Shiga toxin (verocytotoxin) - producing Escherichia coli infections", VTEC 2000: October 29 - November 2, 2000 2000; Kyoto, Japan 2000, 126.
44. Feng PC, Monday SR, Lacher DW, Allison L, Siitonen A, Keys C, Eklund M, Nagano H, Karch H, Keen J, Whittam TS. Genetic diversity among clonal lineages within Escherichia coli O157:H7 stepwise evolutionary model. Emerg Infect Dis 2007, 13(11):1701-1706.
45. Reilly A. Prevention and control of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections: memorandum from a WHO meeting. WHO Consultation on Prevention and Control of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Infections. Bull World Health Organ 1998, 76(3):245-255. 2305710, 9744244.