Evaluation of formaldehyde emission from different types of wood-based panels and flooring materials using different standard test methods

Building and Environment

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 86-96

  Salem, Mohamed Z M ^a,b   Böhm, Martin ^a   Srba, Jaromír ^c   Beránková, Jitka ^c  

^a CZECH UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE   (Czech Republic)

^b Alexandria University   (Egypt)

^c Timber Research and Development Institute   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Flooring panels; Formaldehyde content; Formaldehyde emission; Formaldehyde test methods; Wood based panels

Indexed keywords

CZECH REPUBLIC; FLOORING MATERIALS; FLOORING PANELS; FORMALDEHYDE CONCENTRATIONS; FORMALDEHYDE EMISSION; GOOD CORRELATIONS; HIGH DENSITY; POSITIVE CORRELATIONS; PVC FLOORING; SOLID WOODS; STANDARD TEST METHOD; TEST METHOD; UV CURABLE; WOOD-BASED PANELS;

BUILDING MATERIALS; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CURING; FLOORS; PAINT; PLYWOOD; POLYVINYL CHLORIDES; WOOD;

FORMALDEHYDE;

BIOGENIC EMISSION; CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL; FORMALDEHYDE; STANDARD (REFERENCE); STRUCTURAL COMPONENT; TESTING METHOD; WOOD;

BAMBOO; EMISSION; FIBER BOARDS; FORMALDEHYDE; LAMINATES; PAINT; PARTICLE BOARDS; PLY WOOD; POLYVINYL CHLORIDE; TESTING; WOOD PRODUCTS;

CZECH REPUBLIC;

EID: 80054080114     PISSN: 03601323     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.09.011     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Oh Y.S. Evaluation of melamine modified urea formaldehyde resin binders for particleboard. For Prod J 1999, 49(11-12):31-34.
2. Nemli G., Usta M. Influences of some manufacturing factors on the important quality properties of melamine-impregnated papers. Build Environ 2004, 39(5):567-570.
3. Kim S., Kim H.-J. Effect of addition of polyvinyl acetate to melamine formaldehyde resin on the adhesion and formaldehyde emission in engineered flooring. Int J Adhes Adhes 2005, 25(5):456-461.
4. An J.-Y., Kim S., Kim H.-J. Formaldehyde and TVOC emission behavior of laminate flooring by structure of laminate flooring and heating condition. J Hazard Mater 2011, 187(1-3):44-51.
5. Kalaycioglu H., Hiziroglu S. Evaluation of surface characteristics of laminated flooring. Build Environ 2006, 41(6):756-762.
6. Kim S., Kim J.-A., An H.-Y., Kim H.-J., Kim S.D., Park J.-C. TVOC and formaldehyde emission behaviors from flooring materials bonded with environmental-friendly MF/PVAc hybrid resins. Indoor Air 2007, 17(5):404-415.
7. Wiglusz R., Sitko E., Nikel G., Jarnuszkiewicz I., Igielska B. The effect of temperature on the emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from laminate flooring - case study. Build Environ 2002, 37(1):41-44.
8. IARC Overall evaluations on carcinogenicity to humans. As evaluated in IARC Monographs 2004, vol. 1. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon: France.
9. EN 717-1 Wood-based panels - determination of formaldehyde release - part 1: formaldehyde emission by the chamber method October 2004, European Standard.
10. ASTM E 1333-96 Standard test method for determining formaldehyde concentrations in air and emission rates from wood products using a large chamber E 1333-96 2002, ASTM International, Philadelphia, PA, 701-712.
11. EN 120 Wood-based panels - determination of formaldehyde content - extraction method called perforator method September 1993, European Standard.
12. Jis A 1460 Japanese Industrial Standard. Building boards. Determination of formaldehyde emission-desiccator method 2001.
13. EN 717-3 Wood-based panels - determination of formaldehyde release - part 3: formaldehyde release by the flask method March 1996, European Standard.
14. EN 717-2 Wood-based panels - determination of formaldehyde release - part 2: formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method November 1994, European Standard.
15. Risholm-Sundman M. Determination of formaldehyde emission with field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC)-recovery and correlation to the chamber method. Indoor Air 1999, 9(4):268-272.
16. Que Z., Furunoa T., Katoha S., Nishino Y. Evaluation of three test methods in determination of formaldehyde emission from particleboard bonded with different mole ratio in the urea-formaldehyde resin. Build Environ 2007, 42(3):1242-1249.
17. Que Z., Furuno T. Formaldehyde emission from wood products: relationship between the values by the Chamber method and those by the Desiccator test. Wood Sci Technol 2007, 41(3):267-279.
18. Park B.-D., Kang E.-C., Park S.-B., Park J.Y. Empirical correlations between test methods of measuring formaldehyde emission of plywood, particleboard and medium density fiberboard. Eur J Wood Prod 2010, 69(12):311-316.
19. Risholm-Sundman M., Wallin N. Comparison of different laboratory methods for determining the formaldehyde emission from three-layer parquet floors. Holz Roh Werkst 1999, 57(5):319-324.
20. Salem M.Z.M., Böhm M., Beránková J., Srba J. Effect of some manufacturing variables on formaldehyde release from particleboard: relationship between different test methods. Build Environ 2011, 46(10):1946-1953.
21. Annual report 1998-1999, European Panel Federation.
22. CARB Proposed airborne toxic control measure (ATCM) to reduce formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products 2007, http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/compwood/compwood.htm.
23. ASTM D 6007-02 Standard test method for determining formaldehyde concentration in air from wood products using a small scale chamber D 6007 2008, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, p. 8.
24. Xiong J.Y., Yao Y., Zhang Y.P. C-history method, a new and rapid method of measuring the initial emittable concentration, diffusion and partition coefficients of formaldehyde and VOC in building materials. Environ Sci Tech 2011, 45:3584-3590.
25. Yao Y., Xiong J.Y., Liu W.W., Mo J.H., Zhang Y.P. Determination of the equivalent emission parameters of wood-based furniture by applying C-history method. Atmos Environ 2011, 45(31):5602-5611.
26. Xiong J.Y., Chen W.H., Smith J.F., Zhang Y.P., Zhang J.S. An improved extraction method to determine the initial emittable concentration and the partition coefficient of VOCs in dry building materials. Atmos Environ 2009, 43:4102-4107.
27. Wang X.K., Zhang Y.P. A new method for determining the initial mobile formaldehyde concentrations, partition coefficients and diffusion coefficients of dry building materials. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2009, 59:819-825.
28. Groah W.J., Bradfield J., Gramp G., Rudzinski R., Heroux G. Comparative response of reconstituted wood products to European and North American test methods for determining formaldehyde emissions. Environ Sci Tech 1991, 25(1):117-122.
29. Risholm-Sundman M., Larsen A., Vestin E., Weibull A. Formaldehyde emission - Comparison of different standard methods. Atmos Environ 2007, 41(5):3193-3202.
30. Yu C.W.F., Crump D.R. Testing for formaldehyde emission from wood-based products - A review. Indoor Built Environ 1999, 8(5):280-286.
31. EN 322 Wood-based panels - determination of moisture content 1993.
32. EN 312 Particleboard-Specifications 2003, European Standard.
33. EN 622-1 Fibreboards. Specifications. General requirements 2003.
34. Bundesgesundheitsamt B.G.A. Kriterien fiir formaldehyde in lnnenluft (Criteria for formaldehyde in indoor air). German federal health 1977, Presse Mitteilung No. 19/77, Berlin.
35. Nash T. The colorimetric estimation of formaldehyde by means of the Hantzsch reaction. Biochem J 1953, 55:416-421.
36. NIOSH 3500 Formaldehyde by VIS; manual of analytical methods 1994, NIOSH, Washington, DC. 4th ed.
37. Salthammer, Mentese S., Marutzky R. Formaldehyde in the indoor environment. Chem Rev 2010, 110:2536-2572.
38. SAS Users guide: statistics (Release 8.02) 2001, SAS Inst. Inc, Cary, NC: USA.
39. Wieslander G., Norbäck D., Björnsson E., Janson C., Boman G. Asthma and the indoor environment: the significance of emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds from newly painted indoor surfaces. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997, 69(2):115-124.
40. Kim J.-A., Kim S., Kimc H.-J., Kimd Y.-S. Evaluation of formaldehyde and VOCs emission factors from paints in a small chamber: the effects of preconditioning time and coating weight. J Hazard Mater 2011, 187(1-3):52-57.
41. Nemli G., Öztürk I. Influences of some factors on the formaldehyde content of particleboard. Build Environ 2006, 41(6):770-774.
42. Martínez E., Belanche M.I. Influence of veneer wood species on plywood formaldehyde emission and content. Holz Roh Werkst 2000, 58(1-2):31-34.
43. Roffael E., Johnsson B., Engström B. On the measurement of formaldehyde release from low-emission wood-based panels using the perforator method. Wood Sci Technol 2010, 44(3):369-377.
44. Nemli G., Çolakoĝlu G. The influence of lamination technique on the properties of particleboard. Build Environ 2005, 40(1):83-87.
45. Xiong J.Y., Zhang Y.P. Impact of temperature on the initial emittable concentration of formaldehyde in building materials: experimental observation. Indoor Air 2010, 20(6):523-529.
46. Meyer B. Urea formaldehyde resins 1979, Advanced Book Program, Addison-Wesley Publishing CO. Inc, Reading, MA, p. 423.
47. Dunky M. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive resins for wood. Int J Adhes Adhes 1998, 18(2):95-107.
48. Results of international interlaboratory comparison of composite wood product third party certifiers (TPC) 2010, CARB, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, State of California.
49. Aydin I., Çolakoĝlu G., Colak S., Demirkir C. Effects of moisture content on formaldehyde emission and mechanical properties of plywood. Build Environ 2006, 41(10):1311-1316.
50. Kim S. Control of formaldehyde and TVOC emission from wood-based flooring composites at various manufacturing processes by surface finishing. J Hazard Mater 2010, 176(1-3):14-19.