Civilian, normative, and ethical power Europe: Role claims and eu discourses

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-20

  Nunes, Isabel Ferreira ^a,b  

^a National Defence Institute   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054033800     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2011001     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. On criteria for EU actorness, see C. Bretherton & J. Vogler, The European Union as a Global Actor (New York: Routledge, 2000), 20;
2. and U. Krotz, 'Momentum and Impediments: Why Europe Won't Emerge as a Full Political Actor on the World Stage Soon', Journal of Common Market Studies 47, no. 3 (2009): 563-566.
3. F. Duchêne, 'Europe's Role in World Peace', in Europe Tomorrow: Sixteen Europeans Look Ahead, ed. R. Mayne (London: Fontana, 1972).
4. I. Manners, 'Normative Power Europe A Contradiction in terms', Journal of Common Market Studies 40, no. 2 (2002): 235-258;
5. I. Manners, 'The Constitutive Nature of Values, Images and Principles in the European Union', in Values and Principles in European Union Foreign Policy, ed. S. Lucarelli & I. Manners (London, New York: Routledge, 2006), 19-41.
6. K.E. Jørgensen & K.V. Laatikainen, 'The EU @ the UN: Multilateralism in a New Key?', paper prepared for presentation at the Second Pan-European Conference on EU Politics (Bologna, 24-26 Jun. 2004), , 24 May 2009;
7. A.J.K. Bailes, 'The EU and a “Better World”: What Role for the European Security and Defence Policy', International Affairs 84, no. 1 (2008): 115-130.
8. L. Aggestam, 'Introduction: Ethical Power Europe', International Affairs 84, no. 1 (2008): 1.
9. H. Mayer, 'Is It Still Called 'Chinese Whispers'? The EU's Rhetoric and Action as a Responsible Global Institution', International Affairs 84, no. 1 (2008): 61-79.
10. R. Bellamy & D. Castiglione, 'Normative Theory and the EU: Legitimising the Euro-Polity and its Regime', 2004, , 14 Apr. 2009.
11. J. Zielonka, 'Europe as a Global Actor: Empire by Example?', International Affairs 18, no. 3 (2008): 471-484.
12. S. Lucarelli, 'Interpreted Values: A Normative Reading of EU Role Conceptions and Performance', in The European Union's Roles in International Politics - Concepts and Analysis, ed. O. Elgstöm & M. Smith (London and New York: Routledge, 2008): 47-65, at 49.
13. M. Smith, 'Researching European Foreign Policy: Some Fundamentals', Politics 28, no. 3 (2008): 177-187, at 178.
14. O. Wæver, 'The EU as a Security Actor - Reflections from a Pessimistic Constructivist on Post-Sovereign Security Orders', in International Relations Theory and the Politics of European Integration - Power, Security and Community, ed. M. Kelstrup & M.C. Williams (London, New York: Routledge, 2000): 250-294, at 264.
15. B. White, 'Foreign Policy Analysis and the European Foreign Policy', FORNET Working Group 1: Theories and Approaches (London: London School of Economics, 7-8 Nov. 2003), 7.
16. R. Whitman, 'The Fall, and Rise, of Civilian Power Europe?', National Europe Centre Paper 16, paper presented to the conference on the European Union in International Affairs (National Europe Centre, Australian National University, 3-4 Jul. 2002), 9.
17. See J.G. March & J.P. Olsen, 'The Logic of Appropriateness', ARENA Working Papers WP 04/09 (2004);
18. I. Manners, 'The Normative Ethics of the European Union', International Affairs 84, no. 1 (2008): 45-60, at 46;
19. H. Sjursen, 'What Kind of Power?', Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 2 (2006): 169-181, at 175.
20. Aggestam, n. 6 above; M. Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2006).
21. On the EU's external action from a role analysis perspective, see L. Aggestam, 'Role Conceptions and the Politics of Identity in Foreign Policy', ARENA Working Papers WP 8 (Oslo, 1999);
22. I.F. Nunes, Multilevel Role Prescriptions - Portugal, NATO and the CFSP (Enschede: Ipskamp, 2006).
23. Duchêne, n. 3 above; H. Bull, 'Civilian Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?', Journal of Common Market Studies 21, no. 2 (1982): 149-164.
24. K.Smith,'StillaCivilianPowerEU?'(2004),5,, 12 Mar. 2009;
25. see also A. Ciambra, 'Normative Power Europe: Theory and Practice of EU Norms. The Case of Macedonia', Jean Monnet Working Paper in Comparative and International Politics 64 (2008): 11-12.
26. A. Bellamy, 'The Responsibility to Protect and the Problem of Military Intervention', International Affairs 84, no. 4 (2008): 615-639.
27. H. Maull, 'Germany and the Use of Force: Still a Civilian Power?', Survival 42, no. 2 (2000): 56-80, at 50;
28. S. Stavridis, 'Why the “Militarising” of the European Union Is Strengthening the Concept of a Civilian Power Europe', EUI Working Papers 17 (Florence: European University Institute, 2001), 15, 17-18;
29. H. Larsen, 'The EU: A Global Military Actor', Cooperation and Conflict 37, no. 3 (2002): 242-360, at (290-291).
30. For instance, R. Kagan, Paradise and Power - America and Europe in the New World Order (London: Atlantic Books, 2003);
31. S.G. Brooks & W.C.Wohlforth, 'Hard Times for Soft Balancing', International Security 30, no. 1 (2005): 72-108.
32. W.G. Wouter & J. de Wilde, 'The Endurance of Sovereignty', European Journal of International Relations 7, no. 3 (2001): 283-313, at 303, argue that rival claims about authority will tend to reinforce sovereignty instead of weakening it.
33. I. Manners & R.G. Whitman, 'The Difference Engine: Constructing and Representing the International Identity of the European Union', Journal of European Public Policy 10, no. 3 (2003): 380-404;
34. I. Manners, 'Normative Power Europe Reconsidered', CIDEL Workshop (Oslo, 22-23 Oct. 2004): 4. See also I. Manners, 'Global Europa: Mythology of the European Union in World Politics', Journal of Common Market Studies 48, no 1 (2010).
35. M. Merlingen, 'Everything Is Dangerous: A Critique of Normative Power Europe', Security Dialogue 38, no. 4 (2007): 435-453.
36. H. Sjursen, 'The EU as a “Normative” Power: How Can This Be?', Journal of European Public Policy 13, no. 2 (2006): 235-251, at (246).
37. Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 'Joint Declaration issued at the British-French Summit' (Saint-Malo, 3-4 Dec. 1998), , 10 Mar. 2009;
38. European Council, 'A Secure Europe in a Better World - European Security Strategy' (Brussels, 12 Dec. 2003).
39. European Council, 'Conceptual Framework for ESDP and Terrorism' (2004): para. 2, , 18 Nov. 2009.
40. M. Pace, 'The Construction of EU Normative Power', Journal of Common Market Studies 45, no. 5 (2007): 1041-1064.
41. See also OECD/DAC, 'Guidelines for Security Sector Reform' (Paris, 2004), and 'EU Concept for Support to Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR)' (December 2006), , 18 Nov. 2009.