The ecology of marxian political economy

Monthly Review

Volumn 63, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1-16

  Foster, John Bellamy ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053985080     PISSN: 00270520     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14452/MR-063-04-2011-08_1     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, and L Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism (New York: Little, Brown, and Co., 1999);
2. Hunter lovins and Boyd Cohen, Climate Capitalism (New York: Hill and Wang, 2011).
3. Marx and Engels, Collected Works (New York: International Publishers, 1975), vol. 1, 224-63;
4. Franz Mehring, Karl Marx (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1979), 41-42.
5. Karl Marx, Early Writings (London: Penguin, 1974), 309-22;
6. Karl Marx, Capital, vol. 3 (London: Penguin, 1981), 754.
7. James Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale, An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public Wealth and into the Means and Causes of its Increase (Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co., 1819), 37-59;
8. Lauderdale's Notes on Adam Smith, ed Chuhei Sugiyama (New York: Routledge, 1996), 140-141.
9. Karl Marx, The Poverty of Philosophy (New York: International Publishers, 1964), 35-36.
10. Marx, Capital, vol. 3, 180
11. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Selected Works in One Volume (New York: International Publishers, 1968), 90;
12. Karl Marx, Grundrisse (London: Penguin, 1973), 408;
13. Allan Schnaiberg, The Environment: From Surplus to Scarcity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 220-34.
14. Ernest Mandel, Marxist Economic Theory(NewYork: Monthly Review Press, 1968), vol. 1, 295.
15. Karl Marx, Capital, vol. 1 (London: Penguin, 1976), 283, 290, 348, 636-39, 860;
16. Marx, Capital, vol. 3, 911, 949, 959.
17. On Marx and thermodynamics see Paul Burkett and John Bellamy Foster, "Metabolism, Energy, and Entropy in Marx's Critique of Political Economy," Theory and Society, 35, no. 1 (February 2006), 109-56.
18. On Marx's specific ecological insights in these areas see John Bellamy Foster, Marx's Ecology (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2000), 165-66, 169.
19. Engels and Marx addressed the issue of local climate change primarily in relation to changes in temperature and precipitation resulting from deforestation. See Engels' notes on Carl Fraas in Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, MEGA IV, 31 (Amsterdam: Akadamie Verlag, 1999), 512-15;
20. Paul Hampton, "Classical Marxism and Climate Impacts," Workers' Liberty, August 5, 2010, http://workersliberty.org;
21. Clarence J. Glacken, "Changing Ideas of the Habitable World," in Carl O Sauer, Marston Bates, and William L Thomas, Jr., eds., Man's Role in the Changing Face of the Earth (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956), 77-81.
22. On the relation of Marx's ecology to later scientific developments see John Bellamy Foster, The Ecological Revolution (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2009), 153-60.
23. The Liebig-Marx argument on ecological metabolism was influential in Marxian political economic discussions through the end of the nineteenth century-for example, in the work of August Bebel and Karl Kautsky-but it was lost sight of during most of the twentieth century (an exception being K. William Kapp in The Social Costs of Private Enterprise [Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard University Press, 1950] (35-36).
24. Thorstein Veblen, Absentee Ownership and Business Enterprise in Recent Times (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1964), 127, 168, 171-72, 190.
25. Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class (New York: New American Library, 1953), 78-80;
26. Veblen, Absentee Ownership, 309.
27. Marx and Engels, Collected Works, vol. 25, 463.
28. Paul M. Sweezy, "Cars and Cities," Monthly Review, 24, no. 11 (April 1973), 1-3;
29. Paul A. Baran and Paul M. Sweezy, Monopoly Capital (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1966), 131-32.
30. Baran and Sweezy, Monopoly Capital, 79.
31. On "The Decreasing Rate of Utilization Under Capitalism" see István Mészáros, Beyond Capital (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1995), 547-79.
32. Baran and Sweezy, Monopoly Capital, 114-15, 128.
33. For a detailed discussion see John Bellamy Foster, The Theory of Monopoly Capitalism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1986), 97-101.
34. For a thorough analysis of modern marketing see Michael Dawson, The Consumer Trap (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003).
35. Metrics 2.0 Business and Market Intelligence, "U.S. Marketing Spending Exceeded $1 Trillion in 2005," June 26, 2006, http://metrics2.com;
36. Dawson, The Consumer Trap, 1. The estimate by Blackfriars Communications is clearly a vast underestimate since they are not incorporating the full effects of product management, i.e., the penetration of the sales effort into the production process.
37. Baran and Sweezy, Monopoly Capital, 131, 137-39.
38. Paul M. Sweezy, "Capitalism and the Environment," Monthly Review 41, no 2 (June 1989), 1-10.
39. Michael Kidron, Capitalism and Theory (London: Pluto Press, 1974), 35-60
40. Henryk Szlajfer, "Waste, Marxian Theory, and Monopoly Capital," in John Bellamy Foster and Henryk Szlajfer, ed., The Faltering Economy (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1984), 302-04, 310-13;
41. John Bellamy Foster, The Theory of Monopoly Capitalism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1986), 39-42.
42. Paul A. Baran, The Political Economy of Growth (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1957), 42.
43. Paul M. Sweezy, "Comment," in Assar Lindbeck, The Political Economy of the New Left (New York: Harper and Row, 1977), 144-46.
44. John Kenneth Galbraith, The Affluent Society (New York: New American Library, 1984), 121-23;
45. Joan Robinson, Contributions to Modern Economics (Oxford: Blackwell, 1978), 1-13;
46. Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971).
47. This was the famous "IPAT formula": Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology On the history of the IPAT formula see Marian R. Chertow, "The IPAT Equation and Its Variants: Changing Views of Technology and Environmental Impact" Journal of Industrial Ecology 4, no. 4 (October 2000), 13-29.
48. Schnaiberg, The Environment, 245-47;
49. John Bellamy Foster, Brett Clark, and Richard York, The Ecological Rift (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2010), 193-206.
50. Paul M. Sweezy, "Socialism and Ecology," Monthly Review 41, no. 4 (September 1989), 7.
51. Dawson, The Consumer Trap, 88-92;
52. Douglas Dowd, The Waste of Nations (Boulder: Westview Press, 1989), 65-66;
53. Stephen Fox, The Mirror Makers: A History of American Advertising and Its Creators (New York: William Morrow, 1984), 173;
54. "Car Mileage: 1908 Ford Model T-25 MPG 2008 EPA Average All Cars-21 MPG," http://wanttoknow.info;
55. Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Table, 4-23, "Average Fuel Efficiency of U.S. Light Duty Vehicles," www.bts.gov Baran and Sweezy referred in Monopoly Capital, 136-37, to the decline in gas mileage of U S. automobiles from 1939-1961.
56. The evolution of bread manufacture under monopoly capitalism, including the changing of wrappings for bread, was used by Baran to explain how the sales effort, waste, and unproductive expenditures are built into the production process of monopoly capital. See Baran, The Political Economy of Growth, xx.
57. Susan Freinkel, Plastics: A Toxic Love Story (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2011), 145-46;
58. Annie Leonard, The Story of Stuff (New York: Free Press, 2010), 68-71;
59. Heather Rogers, 'Garbage Capitalism's Green Commerce," in Leo Panitch and Colin Leys, eds., The Socialist Register, 2007 (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2007), 231.
60. Douglas Dowd, The Waste of Nations (Boulder: Westview Press, 1989), 65.
61. William Morris, News from Nowhere and Selected Writings and Designs (London: Penguin, 1962), 121-22.
62. Commoner, The Closing Circle, 138-41;
63. see also John Bellamy Foster, The Vulnerable Planet (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1994), 112-18.
64. Juliet Schor, Plenitude (New York: Penguin, 2010), 27, 40-41.
65. See also Raymond Williams, Problems in Materialism and Culture (London; Verso, 1980), 185.
66. Baran, The Political Economy of Growth, xv