Properties of near-earth magnetic reconnection from in-situ observations

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 160, Issue 1-4, 2011, Pages 95-121

  Fuselier, S A ^a   Lewis, W S ^b  

^a LOCKHEED MARTIN   (United States)

^b SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Magnetic reconnection; Magnetosphere; Magnetospheric multiscale; Plasma physics

Indexed keywords

DIFFUSION REGION; EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE; FIELD MEASUREMENT; IN-SITU; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTIONS; MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTI SCALE; MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTISCALE MISSIONS; MAGNETOTAILS; NEAR-EARTH; PLASMA PHYSICS; PLASMA PROCESS; SCALE LENGTH; SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS; THEORETICAL PREDICTION;

MAGNETISM; MAGNETOSPHERE;

MAGNETOPLASMA;

EID: 80053935633     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: 15729672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11214-011-9820-x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (109)

1. M. André et al., Thin electron-scale layers at the magnetopause. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004). doi: 10.1029/2003GL018137
2. S.V. Badman S.W.H. Cowley 2007 Significance of Dungey-cycle flows in Jupiter's and Saturn's magnetospheres and their identification on closed equatorial field lines Ann. Geophys. 10.5194/angeo-25-941-2007
3. A. Balogh et al., The cluster magnetic field investigation: scientific objectives and instrumentation, ESA SP-1159, 95 (1993)
4. W. Baumjohann 1993 The near Earth plasma sheet-an AMPTE/IRM perspective Space Sci. Rev. 64 141 1993SSRv...64..141B
5. A.L. Borg, et al. 2005 Cluster encounter of a magnetic reconnection diffusion region in the near-Earth magnetotail on September 19, 2003 Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2005GL023794 (Pubitemid 41699615)
6. J.L. Burch J.F. Drake 2009 Reconnecting magnetic fields Am. Sci. 97 392
7. P.A. Cassak M.A. Shay 2007 Scaling of asymmetric magnetic reconnection: General theory and collisional simulations Phys. Plasmas 14 102114 2007PhPl...14j2114C
8. P.A. Cassak M.A. Shay 2008 Scaling of asymmetric Hall magnetic reconnection Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2008GL035268
9. C. Cattell, et al. 2005 Cluster observations of electron holes in association with magnetotail reconnection and comparison to simulations J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2004JA010519 1105.05060 (Pubitemid 44211636)
10. L.-J. Chen 2009 Multispacecraft observations of the electron current sheet, neighboring magnetic islands, and electron acceleration during magnetotail reconnection Phys. Plasmas 10.1063/1.3112744
11. W. Daughton J. Scudder H. Karimabadi 2006 Fully kinetic simulations of undriven magnetic reconnection with open boundary conditions Phys. Plasmas 10.1063/1.2218817 (Pubitemid 44179685)
12. F. deHoffmann E. Teller 1950 Magneto-hydrodynamic shocks Phys. Rev. 80 692 40938 1950PhRv...80..692D
13. X.H. Deng, et al. 2004 Geotail encounter with reconnection diffusion region in the Earth's magnetotial: Evidence of multiple X lines collisionless reconnection? J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2003JA010031
14. J.F. Drake, et al. 2003 Formation of electron holes and particle energization during magnetic reconnection Science 299 873 2003Sci...299..873D
15. J.F. Drake M. Swisdak K.M. Schoeffler B.N. Rogers S. Kobayashi 2006 Formation of secondary islands during magnetic reconnection Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2006GL025957 (Pubitemid 44945915)
16. J.F. Drake, M.A. Shay, M. Swisdak, The Hall fields and fast magnetic reconnection. Phys. Plasmas 15 (2008). doi: 10.1063/1.2900194
17. J.F. Drake, et al. 2009 Ion heating resulting from pickup in magnetic reconnection exhausts J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2008JA013701
18. J.W. Dungey 1953 Conditions for the occurrence of electrical discharges in astrophysical systems Philos. Mag. 44 725
19. J.W. Dungey 1961 Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zones Phys. Rev. Lett. 6 47 1961PhRvL...6...47D
20. J.P. Eastwood, et al. 2007 Multi-point observations of the Hall electromagnetic field and secondary island formation during magnetic reconnection J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2006JA012158
21. J.P. Eastwood T.D. Phan M. Oieroset M.A. Shay 2010 Average properties of the magnetic ion diffusion region in the Earth's magnetotail: The 2001-2005 Cluster observations and comparison with simulations J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2009JA014962 1217.53016
22. L.A. Frank K.L. Ackerson R.P. Lepping 1976 Hot tenuous plasmas, fireballs, and boundary layers in the Earth's magnetotail J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/JA081i034p05859
23. M. Fujimoto, et al. 1997 Observations of earthward streaming electrons at the trailing boundary of a plasmoid Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 2893 1997GeoRL..24.2893F
24. z J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2001JA900165
25. S.A. Fuselier K.J. Trattner S.M. Petrinec C.J. Owen H. Rème 2005 Computing the reconnection rate at the Earth's magnetopause using two spacecraft observations J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2004JA010805 (Pubitemid 44235032)
26. S.A. Fuselier S.M. Petrinec K.J. Trattner 2010 Anti-parallel magnetic reconnection rates at the Earth's magnetopause J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2010JA015302 05665558
27. J.T. Gosling R.M. Skoug D.J. McComas C.W. Smith 2005 Direct evidence for magnetic reconnection in the solar wind near 1 AU J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2004JA010809 1109.74365 (Pubitemid 44211625)
28. J.T. Gosling S. Eriksson R.M. Skoug D.J. McComas R.J. Forsyth 2006 Petschek-type magnetic reconnection exhausts in the solar wind well beyond 1 AU: Ulysses Astrophys. J. 10.1086/503544 (Pubitemid 44213018)
29. J.T. Gosling S. Eriksson R. Schwenn 2006 Petschek-type magnetic reconnection exhausts in the solar wind well inside 1 AU: Helios J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2006JA011863
30. S.T. Griffiths, et al. 2011 A probability assessment of encountering dayside magnetopause diffusion regions J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2010JA015136
31. G. Gustafsson et al., The spherical probe electric field and wave experiment for Cluster, ESA SP-1159, 17 (1993)
32. S.E. Haaland, et al. 2004 Four-spacecraft determination of magnetopause orientation, motion, and thickness: comparison with results from single-spacecraft methods Ann. Geophys. 22 1347 2004AnGeo..22.1347H
33. M. Hesse 2006 Dissipation in magnetic reconnection with a guide magnetic field Phys. Plasmas 13 1220107
34. M. Hesse J. Birn M. Kuznetsova 2001 Collisionless magnetic reconnection: Electron processes and transport modeling J. Geophys. Res. 196 3721 2001JGR...106.3721H
35. M. Hesse M. Kuznetsova J. Birn 2004 The role of electron heat flux in guide-field magnetic reconnection Phys. Plasmas 11 125387 2004PhPl...11.5387H
36. E.W. Hones Jr. 1976 Observations in the Earth's magnetotail relating to magnetic merging Sol. Phys. 10.1007/BF00152248
37. E. Hones (ed.), Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas. Geophysical Monograph, vol. 30 (American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, 1984)
38. B. Hultqvist, M. Oieroset (eds.), Transport Across the Boundaries of the Magnetosphere (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997). Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, vol. 80, nos. 1-2 (1997)
39. B. Hultqvist et al. (eds.), Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1999). Reprinted from Space Sci. Rev., vol. 88, nos. 1-2 (1999)
40. C.M. Jackman, et al. 2008 A multi-instrument view of tail reconnection at Saturn J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2008JA013592 1157.93452
41. H. Karimabadi W. Daughton J. Scudder 2007 Multi-scale structure of the electron diffusion region Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2007GL030306 05202139 (Pubitemid 47399621)
42. M.G. Kivelson D.J. Southwood 2005 Dynamical consequences of two modes of centrifugal instability in Jupiter's outer magnetosphere J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2005JA011176 (Pubitemid 44971485)
43. A. Klimas M. Hesse S. Zenitani 2008 Particle-in-cell simulations of collisionless reconnection with open outflow boundaries Phys. Plasmas 10.1063/1.2965826
44. E.A. Kronberg J. Woch N. Krupp A. Lagg K.K. Khurana K.-H. Glassmeier 2005 Mass release at Jupiter: Substorm-like processes in the Jovian magnetotail J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2004JA010777 (Pubitemid 44237759)
45. R.H. Levy H.E. Petschek G.L. Siscoe 1964 Aerodynamic aspects of the magnetospheric flow AIAA J. 2 2065
46. M. Lockwood M.F. Smith 1992 The variation of reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause and cusp ion precipitation J. Geophys. Res. 97 14841 1992JGR....9714841L
47. M. Manapat, et al. 2006 Field-aligned electrons at the lobe/plasma sheet boundary in the mid-to-distant magnetotail and their association with reconnection Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2005GL024971 (Pubitemid 43670079)
48. H.J. McAndrews, et al. 2008 Evidence of reconnection at Saturn's magnetosphere J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2007JA012581
49. F.S. Mozer 2005 Criteria for and statistics of electron diffusion regions associated with subsolar magnetic field reconnection J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2005JA011258 (Pubitemid 44971498)
50. F.S. Mozer A. Hull 2010 Scaling the energy conversion rate from magnetic field reconnection to different bodies Phys. Plasmas 17 102906 2010PhPl...17j2906M
51. F.S. Mozer P.L. Pritchett 2011 Electron physics of asymmetric magnetic field reconnection Space Sci. Rev. 10.1007/s11214-010-9681-8
52. F.S. Mozer A. Retinò 2007 Quantitative estimates of magnetic field reconnection properties from electric and magnetic field measurements J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2007JA012406 1125.68093
53. F.S. Mozer S.D. Bale T.D. Phan 2002 Observations of ion and electron diffusion regions at a sub-solar magnetopause reconnection event Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 015002 2002PhRvL..89a5002M
54. F.S. Mozer S.D. Bale T.D. Phan J.A. Osborne 2003 Observations of electron diffusion regions at the subsolar magnetopause Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.245002 015002
55. F.S. Mozer V. Angelopoulos J. Bonnell K.H. Glassmeier J.P. McFadden 2008 THEMIS observations of modified Hall fields in asymmetric magnetic field reconnection Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2007GL033033 1146.68428
56. F.S. Mozer P.L. Pritchett J. Bonnell D. Sundkvist M.T. Chang 2008 Observations and simulations of asymmetric magnetic field reconnection J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2008JA013535 1146.68428
57. T. Nagai 2006 Location of magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail Space Sci. Rev. 10.1107/s11214-006-6216-4
58. T. Nagai, et al. 2001 Geotail observations of the Hall current system: Evidence of magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail J. Geophys. Res. 106 25929 2001JGR...10625929N
59. T. Nagai, et al. 2003 Structure of the Hall current system in the vicinity of the magnetic reconnection site J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2003JA009900
60. T. Nagai, et al. 2010 Construction of magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail with Geotail J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2010JA016283
61. R. Nakamura, et al. 2008 Cluster observations of an ion-scale current sheet in the magnetotail under the presence of a guide field J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2007JA012760
62. M. Oieroset, et al. 2001 In situ detection of collisionless reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail Nature 412 414 2001Natur.412..414O
63. T.G. Onsager M.F. Thomsen R.C. Elphic J.T. Gosling 1991 Model of electron and ion distributions in the plasma sheet boundary layer J. Geophys. Res. 96 20999 1991JGR....9620999O
64. T.G. Onsager, et al. 1995 Low-altitude observations and modeling of quasi-steady magnetopause reconnection J. Geophys. Res. 100 11831 1995JGR...10011831O
65. C.J. Owen, et al. 2008 Cluster observations of "crater" flux transfer events at the dayside high-latitude magnetopause J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2007JA012701
66. E.N. Parker 1963 The solar flare phenomenon and the theory of reconnection and annihilation of magnetic fields Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 8 177 1963ApJS....8..177P
67. G. Paschmann 2008 Recent in situ observations of magnetic reconnection in near-Earth space Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2008GL035297
68. G. Paschmann, et al. 1979 Plasma acceleration at the Earth's magnetopause: Evidence for reconnection Nature 10.1038/282243a0
69. S.M. Petrinec, S.A. Fuselier, On continuous versus discontinuous neutral lines at the dayside magnetopause for southward interplanetary magnetic field. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1519 (2003). doi: 10.1029/2002GL016565
70. H.E. Petschek, Magnetic field annihilation, in The Physics of Solar Flares, ed. by W.N. Hess (NASA, Washington DC, 1964), p. 425
71. T.-D. Phan G. Paschmann 1996 Low-latitude dayside magnetopause and boundary layer for high magnetic shear 1. Structure and motion J. Geophys. Res. 101 7801 1996JGR...101.7801P
72. T.-D. Phan, et al. 2000 Extended magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause from detection of bi-directional jets Nature 404 848 2000Natur.404..848P
73. T.-D. Phan B.U.Ö. Sonnerup R.P. Lin 2001 Fluid and kinetics signatures of reconnection at the dawn tail magnetopause: Wind observations J. Geophys. Res. 106 25489 2001JGR...10625489P
74. T.-D. Phan, et al. 2003 Simultaenous Cluster and IMAGE observations of cusp reconnection and auroral proton spot for northward IMF Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2003GL016885
75. T.D. Phan, et al. 2004 Cluster observations of continuous reconnection at the magnetopause under steady interplanetary magnetic field conditions Ann. Geophys. 22 2355 2004AnGeo..22.2355P
76. T.D. Phan, et al. 2006 A magnetic reconnection X-line extending more than 390 Earth radii in the solar wind Nature 10.1038/nature04393 (Pubitemid 43084798)
77. T.-D. Phan, et al. 2007 Evidence for an elongated (>60 ion skin depths) electron diffusion region during fast magnetic reconnection Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99255002
78. P.L. Pritchett 2001 Geospace environment modeling magnetic reconnection challenge: Simulations with a full particle electromagnetic code J. Geophys. Res. 106 3793 2001JGR...106.3783P
79. A. Retinò, et al. 2005 Cluster multispacecraft observations at the high-latitude duskside magnetopause: implications for continuous and component magnetic reconnection Ann. Geophys. 23 461 2005AnGeo..23..461R
80. A. Runov, et al. 2003 Current sheet structure near magnetic X-line observed by Cluster Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2002GL016730 1038.47011
81. C.T. Russell R.C. Elphic 1978 Initial ISEE magnetometer results: Magnetopause observations Space Sci. Rev. 22 681 1978SSRv...22..681R
82. C.T. Russell R.C. Elphic 1979 ISEE observations of flux transfer events at the dayside magnetopause Geophys. Res. Lett. 6 33 1979GeoRL...6...33R
83. C.T. Russell R.J. Walker 1985 Flux transfer events at Mercury J. Geophys. Res. 90 11067 1985JGR....9011067R (1985)
84. C.T. Russell K.K. Khurana D.E. Huddleston M.G. Kivelson 1988 Localized reconnection in the near Jovian magnetotail Science 10.1126/science.280.5366. 1061
85. M. Scholer 1988 Magnetic flux transfer at the magnetopause based on single X-line bursty reconnection Geophys. Res. Lett. 15 291 1988GeoRL..15..291S
86. J.D. Scudder F.S. Mozer N.C. Maynard C.T. Russell 2002 Fingerprints of collisionless reconnection at the separator. I. Ambipolar Hall signatures J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2001JA000126
87. M.A. Shay J.F. Drake B.N. Rogers R.E. Denton 1999 The scaling of collisionless, magnetic reconnection for large systems Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/1999GL900481
88. M.A. Shay J.F. Drake M. Swisdak 2007 Two-scale structure of the electron dissipation region during collisionless magnetic reconnection Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.155002 (Pubitemid 47551666)
89. J.A. Slavin, et al. 2009 MESSENGER observations of magnetic reconnection in Mercury's magnetosphere Science 10.1126/science.1172011
90. P. Song, B.U.Ö. Sonnerup, M.F. Thomsen (eds.), Physics of the Magnetopause, Geophysical Monograph, vol. 90 (American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, 1995)
91. B.U.Ö. Sonnerup, Magnetic field reconnection, in Solar System Plasma Physics III, ed. by L.T. Lanzertotti, C.F. Kennel, E.N. Parker (North-Holland, New York, 1979), p. 45
92. B.U.Ö. Sonnerup L.J. Cahill Jr. 1967 Magnetopause stricter and attitude from Explorer 12 observations J. Geophys. Res. 72 171 1967JGR....72..171S
93. B.U.Ö. Sonnerup, et al. 1981 Evidence for magnetic field reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause J. Geophys. Res. 86 10049 1981JGR....8610049S
94. D.J. Southwood C.J. Farrugia M.A. Saunders 1988 What are flux transfer events? Planet. Space Sci. 36 503 1988P&SS...36..503S
95. P.A. Sweet, The neutral point theory of solar flares, in Electromagnetic Phenomena in Cosmical Physics, ed. by B. Lehnert (Cambridge University Press, London, 1958), p. 123
96. M. Swisdak B.N. Rogers J.F. Drake M.A. Shay 2003 Diamagnetic suppression of component magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2002JA009726
97. W.-L. Teh, et al. 2010 THEMIS observations of a secondary magnetic island within the Hall electromagnetic field region at the magnetopause Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2010GL045056
98. K.J. Trattner, et al. 2002 Temporal versus spatial interpretation of cusp ion structures observed by two spacecraft J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2001JA000181
99. K.J. Trattner S.A. Fuselier W.K. Peterson C.W. Carlson 2002 Spatial features observed in the cusp under steady solar wind conditions J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2001JA000262
100. K.J. Trattner, et al. 2003 Cusp structures combining multi-spacecraft observations with ground-based observations Ann. Geophys. 21 2031 2003AnGeo..21.2031T
101. K.J. Trattner J.S. Mulcock S.M. Petrinec S.A. Fuselier 2007 Location of the reconnection line at the magnetopause during southward IMF conditions Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2006GL028397 (Pubitemid 47277575)
102. K.J. Trattner J.S. Mulcock S.M. Petrinec S.A. Fuselier 2007 Probing the boundary between antiparallel and component reconnection during southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2007012270JA
103. K.J. Trattner S.M. Petrinec S.A. Fuselier W.K. Petersen R. Friedel 2010 Cusp energetic ions as tracers for particle transport into the magnetosphere J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2009JA014919
104. L. Trenchi, et al. 2008 Occurrence of reconnection jets at the dayside magnetopause, Double Star observations J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2007JA012774
105. A. Vaivads A. Retinò M. André 2006 Microphysics of magnetic reconnection Space Sci. Rev. 10.1007/s11214-006-7019-3
106. A. Vaivads, et al. 2004 Structure of the magnetic reconnection diffusion region from four-spacecraft observations Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 93.105001
107. V.M. Vasyliunas 1975 Theoretical models of magnetic field line merging Rev. Geophys. 10.1029/RG013i001p00303
108. M.F. Vogt, et al. 2010 Reconnection and flows in the Jovian magnetotail as inferred from magnetometer observations J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2009JA015098
109. H. Zhang, et al. 2008 Cluster observations of collisionless Hall reconnection at high-latitude magnetopause J. Geophys. Res. 10.1029/2007JA012789