High prevalence of autonomous aldosterone secretion among patients with essential hypertension

European Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 41, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 1227-1236

  Gouli, Aggeliki ^a   Kaltsas, Gregory ^a   Tzonou, Anastasia ^a   Markou, Athina ^a   Androulakis, Ioannis I ^a   Ragkou, Despina ^a   Vamvakidis, Kyriakos ^a   Zografos, Georgios ^a   Kontogeorgos, Georgios ^a   Chrousos, George P ^a   Piaditis, Georgios ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

Author keywords

Aldosterone; Hypertension; Subclinical autonomous aldosterone secretion

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; CORTICOTROPIN; DEXAMETHASONE; FLUDROCORTISONE ACETATE; RENIN;

ADRENAL CORTEX ADENOMA; ADULT; AGED; ALDOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; ALDOSTERONE RELEASE; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICOTROPIN TEST; DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ADRENAL CORTEX NEOPLASMS; ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA; AGED; ALDOSTERONE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RENIN; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 80053917201     PISSN: 00142972     EISSN: 13652362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02531.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Schirpenbach C, Reincke M. Screening for primary aldosteronism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;20:369-84.
2. Kaplan NM. The current epidemic of primary aldosteronism: causes and consequences. J Hypertens 2004;22:863-9.
3. Stowasser M, Gordon RD, Rutherford JC, Nikwan NZ, Daunt N, Slater GJ. Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2001;2:156-69.
4. Douma S, Petidis K, Doumas M, Papaefthimiou P, Triantafyllou A, Kartali N et al. Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in resistant hypertension: a retrospective observational study. Lancet 2008;371:1921-6.
5. Rossi GP, Bernini G, Caliumi C, Desideri G, Fabris B, Ferri C et al. A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1125 hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:2293-300.
6. Gordon RD, Ziesak MD, Tunny TJ, Stowasser M, Klemm SA. Evidence that primary aldosteronism may not be uncommon: 12% incidence among antihypertensive drug trial volunteers. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1993;20:296-8.
7. Gordon RD, Stowasser M, Tunny TJ, Klemm SA, Rutherford JC. High incidence of primary aldosteronism in 199 patients referred with hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1994;21:315-8.
8. Kaplan NM. Caution about the overdiagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Mayo Clin Proc 2001;76:875-6.
9. Padfield PL. Prevalence and role of a raised aldosterone to renin ratio in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: a debate on the scientific logic of the use of the ratio in practice. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;59:422-6.
10. Ganguly A. Primary aldosteronism. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1828-34.
11. Loh KC, Koay ES, Khaw MC, Emmanuel SC, Young WF Jr. Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among Asian hypertensive patients in Singapore. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:2854-9.
12. Young WF. Primary aldosteronism: renaissance of a syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;66:607-18.
13. Mulatero P, Milan A, Fallo F, Regolisti G, Pizzolo F, Fardella C et al. Comparison of confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:2618-23.
14. Stowasser M, Gordon RD, Gunasekera TG, Cowley DC, Ward G, Archibald C et al. High rate of detection of primary aldosteronism, including surgically treatable forms, after 'non-selective' screening of hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2003;21:2149-57.
15. Arvat E, Di VL, Lanfranco F, Maccario M, Baffoni C, Rossetto R et al. Stimulatory effect of adrenocorticotropin on cortisol, aldosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone secretion in normal humans: dose-response study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3141-6.
16. Seely EW, Conlin PR, Brent GA, Dluhy RG. Adrenocorticotropin stimulation of aldosterone: prolonged continuous versus pulsatile infusion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;69:1028-32.
17. Abdelhamid S, Blomer R, Hommel G, Haack D, Lewicka S, Fiegel P et al. Urinary tetrahydroaldosterone as a screening method for primary aldosteronism: a comparative study. Am J Hypertens 2003;16:522-30.
18. Fardella CE, Mosso L, Gomez-Sanchez C, Cortes P, Soto J, Gomez L et al. Primary hyperaldosteronism in essential hypertensives: prevalence, biochemical profile, and molecular biology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1863-7.
19. Holland OB, Brown H, Kuhnert L, Fairchild C, Risk M, Gomez-Sanchez CE. Further evaluation of saline infusion for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 1984;6:717-23.
20. Schirpenbach C, Seiler L, Maser-Gluth C, Rudiger F, Nickel C, Beuschlein F et al. Confirmatory testing in normokalaemic primary aldosteronism: the value of the saline infusion test and urinary aldosterone metabolites. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:865-73.
21. Mansmann G, Lau J, Balk E, Rothberg M, Miyachi Y, Bornstein SR. The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management. Endocr Rev 2004;25:309-40.
22. Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, Korobkin M, Shapiro B. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Rev 1995;16:460-84.
23. Piaditis GP, Kaltsas GA, Androulakis II, Gouli A, Makras P, Papadogias D et al. High prevalence of autonomous cortisol and aldosterone secretion from adrenal adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009;71:772-8.
24. Seifarth C, Trenkel S, Schobel H, Hahn EG, Hensen J. Influence of antihypertensive medication on aldosterone and renin concentration in the differential diagnosis of essential hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002;57:457-65.
25. Carpene G, Rocco S, Opocher G, Mantero F. Acute and chronic effect of nifedipine in primary aldosteronism. Clin Exp Hypertens A 1989;11:1263-72.
26. Hamrahian AH, Ioachimescu AG, Remer EM, Motta-Ramirez G, Bogabathina H, Levin HS et al. Clinical utility of noncontrast computed tomography attenuation value (hounsfield units) to differentiate adrenal adenomas/hyperplasias from nonadenomas: Cleveland clinic experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:871-7.
27. Barry HC, Ebell MH. Test characteristics and decision rules. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997;26:45-65.
28. Mulatero P, Stowasser M, Loh KC, Fardella CE, Gordon RD, Mosso L et al. Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable forms, in centers from five continents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1045-50.
29. Fogari R, Preti P, Zoppi A, Rinaldi A, Fogari E, Mugellini A. Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among unselected hypertensive patients: a prospective study based on the use of an aldosterone/renin ratio above 25 as a screening test. Hypertens Res 2007;30:111-7.
30. Trenkel S, Seifarth C, Schobel H, Hahn EG, Hensen J. Ratio of serum aldosterone to plasma renin concentration in essential hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2002;110:80-5.
31. Unger N, Lopez Schmidt I, Pitt C, Walz MK, Philipp T, Mann K et al. Comparison of active renin concentration and plasma renin activity for the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism in patients with an adrenal mass. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;150:517-23.
32. Ferrari P, Shaw SG, Nicod J, Saner E, Nussberger J. Active renin versus plasma renin activity to define aldosterone-to-renin ratio for primary aldosteronism. J Hypertens 2004;22:377-81.
33. Olivieri O, Ciacciarelli A, Signorelli D, Pizzolo F, Guarini P, Pavan C et al. Aldosterone to Renin ratio in a primary care setting: the Bussolengo study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4221-6.
34. Kem DC, Weinberger MH, Mayes DM, Nugent CA. Saline suppression of plasma aldosterone in hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1971;128:380-6.
35. Bernini G, Moretti A, Argenio G, Salvetti A. Primary aldosteronism in normokalemic patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol 2002;146:523-9.
36. Funder JW, Carey RM, Fardella C, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Mantero F, Stowasser M et al. Case detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:3266-81.
37. Seiler L, Rump LC, Schulte-Monting J, Slawik M, Borm K, Pavenstadt H et al. Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: value of different screening parameters and influence of antihypertensive medication. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;150:329-37.
38. Montori VM, Young WF Jr. Use of plasma aldosterone concentration-to-plasma renin activity ratio as a screening test for primary aldosteronism. A systematic review of the literature. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2002;31:619-32.
39. Stowasser M, Gordon RD. Primary aldosteronism - careful investigation is essential and rewarding. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004;217:33-9.
40. Vasan RS, Evans JC, Larson MG, Wilson PW, Meigs JB, Rifai N et al. Serum aldosterone and the incidence of hypertension in nonhypertensive persons. N Engl J Med 2004;351:33-41.
41. Salomon MI, Tchertkoff V. Incidence and role of adrenocortical tumors in hypertension. Geriatrics 1968;23:179-84.
42. Hedeland H, Ostberg G, Hokfelt B. On the prevalence of adrenocortical adenomas in an autopsy material in relation to hypertension and diabetes. Acta Med Scand 1968;184:211-4.
43. Tsagarakis S, Kokkoris P, Roboti C, Malagari C, Kaskarelis J, Vlassopoulou V et al. The low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in patients with adrenal incidentalomas: comparisons with clinically euadrenal subjects and patients with Cushing's syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998;48:627-33.