International ethnic entrepreneurship: Antecedents, outcomes and environmental context

International Business Review

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 614-626

  Ilhan Nas, Tulay ^a   Sahin, Kader ^a   Cilingir, Zuhal ^a  

^a KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Immigrant; International ethnic entrepreneurship; Minority

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053588494     PISSN: 09695931     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.02.011     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Barrett G.A., Jones T.P., McEvoy D. Ethnic minority business: Theoretical discourse in Britain and North America. Urban Studies 1996, 33(4-5):783-809.
2. Basu A. An exploration of entrepreneurial activity among Asian small business in Britain. Small Business and Economics 1998, 10:313-326.
3. Berg B.L. Qualitative research methods for the social sciences 1995, Allyn & Bacon, Boston. third edition.
4. Brüderl J., Preisendörfer P. Network support and the success of newly founded businesses. Small Business Economics 1998, 10:213-225.
5. Collins J. Cultural diversity and entrepreneurship: Policy responses to immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 2003, 15:137-149.
6. Constant A., Zimmermann K.F. The making entrepreneurs in Germany: Are native men and immigrant alike?. Small Business Economics 2006, 26:279-300.
7. Evans M.D.R. Immigrant entrepreneurship: Effect of ethnic market size and isolated labor pool. American Sociological Review 1989, 54(6):950-962.
8. Fairchild, G. B. (in press). Intergenerational ethnic enclave influences on the likelihood of being self-employed. Journal of Business Venturing.
9. Granovetter M. The economic sociology of firms and entrepreneurs. The economic sociology of immigration: Essays on networks, ethnicity, and entrepreneurship 1995, Russell Sage Foundation, New York. A. Portes (Ed.).
10. Grayson K., Rust R. Interrater reliability. Journal of Consumer Psychology 2001, 10(1-2):71-73.
11. Greene P.G. A resource-based approach to ethnic business sponsorship: A consideration of Ismaili-Pakistani immigrants. Journal of Small Business Management 1997, 35(4):58-71.
12. Janjuha-Jivraj S. The impact of the mother during family business succession: Examples from the Asian business community. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2004, 30(4):781-797.
13. Johnston R., Forrest J., Poulsen M. Are there ethnic enclaves/ghettos in English cities?. Urban Studies 2002, 39(4):591-618.
14. Keupp M.M., Gassman O. The past and future of international entrepreneurship: A review and suggestions for developing the field. Journal of Management 2009, 35(3):600-633.
15. Kim Y.D. Stepping-stone to intergenerational mobility? The springboard, safety net, or mobility trap functions of Korean immigrant entrepreneurship for the second generation. International Migration Review 2006, 40(4):927-962.
16. Kloosterman R.C. Creating opportunities. Policies aimed at increasing openings for immigrant entrepreneurs in the Netherlands. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 2003, 15:167-181.
17. Kloosterman R.C., Rath J. Immigrant entrepreneurs in advances economies: Mixed embededdness further explored. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2001, 27(2):189-201.
18. Kloosterman R.C., Van Der Leun J.P. Just for starters: Commercial gentrification by immigrant entrepreneurs in Amsterdam and Rotterdam neighbourhoods. Housing Studies 1999, 14(5):659-677.
19. Kloosterman R.C., Van Der Leun J., Rath J. Mixed embeddedness: Immigrant entrepreneurship and informal economic activities. International Journal of Urban & Regional Research 1999, 23:253-267.
20. Köllinger P., Minniti M. Not for lack of trying: American entrepreneurship in Black and White. Small Business Economics 2006, 27:59-79.
21. Kontos M. Self-employed policies and migrants' entrepreneurship in Germany. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 2003, 15:119-135.
22. Krippendorff K. Content analysis. An introduction to its methodology 2004, Sage Publications, California, USA. second edition.
23. Kyle D. The Otavalo Trade Diaspora: Social capital and transnational entrepreneurship. Ethnic and Racial Studies 1999, 22(2):422-446.
24. Leiva M.F., Rios F.J.M., Martinez T.L. Assessment of interjudge reliability in the open-ended questions coding process. Quality & Quantity 2006, 40:519-537.
25. Leung M.W.H. Get it going: New ethnic Chinese business. The case of Taiwanese-owned computer firms in Hamburg. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2001, 27(2):277-294.
26. Levie J. Immigration, in-migration, ethnicity and entrepreneurship in the United Kingdom. Small Business Economics 2007, 28:143-169.
27. Light I., Sabagh G., Bozorgmehr M. Internal ethnicity in the ethnic economy. Ethnic and Racial Studies 1993, 16(4):581-597.
28. Logan J.R., Alba R.D., Stults B.J. Enclaves and entrepreneurs: Assessing the payoff for immigrants and minorities. International Migration Review 2003, 37(2):344-388.
29. Lombard M., Synder-Duch J., Bracken C.C. Content analysis in mass communication assessment and reporting of intercoder reliability. Human Communication Research 2002, 28(4):587-604.
30. Makabe T. Ethnic hegemony: The Japanese Brazilians in Agriculture, 1908-1968. Ethnic and Racial Studies 1999, 22(4):702-723.
31. Marques M.M., Santos R., Aranjo F. Ariadne's thread: Cape Verdean women in transnational webs. Global Networks 2001, 1:283-306.
32. Masurel E., Nijkamp P., Tastan M., Vindigni G. Motivations and performance conditions for ethnic entrepreneurship. Growth & Change 2002, 33(2):238-260.
33. Masurel E., Nijkamp P., Vindigni G. Breeding places for ethnic entrepreneurs: A comparative marketing approach. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 2004, 16:77-86.
34. Meira F. Transnational strategies of polish migrant entrepreneurs in trade and small business in Berlin. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2008, 34(5):753-770.
35. Milne M.J., Adler R.W. Exploring the reliability of social and environmental disclosures content analysis. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 1999, 12(2):237-256.
36. Min P.G., Bozorgmehr M. Immigrant entrepreneurship and business patterns: a comparison of Koreans and Iranians in Los Angeles. The International Migration Review 2000, 34(3):707-738.
37. Mora M.T., Davila A. Ethnic group size, linguistic isolation, and immigrant entrepreneurship in the USA. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 2005, 17:389-404.
38. Nasir S. The development, change, and transformation of management information system (MIS): A content analysis of articles published in business and marketing. Journals, International Journal of Information Management 2005, 25:442-457.
39. Okazaki S. Do multinationals standardise or localise? The cross-cultural dimensionality of product-based web sites. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy 2004, 14(1):81-94.
40. Okazaki S., Rivas J.A. A content analysis of multinationals' web communication strategies: Cross-cultural research framework and pre-testing. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy 2002, 12(5):380-390.
41. Ostergaard-Nielsen E. Transnational political practices and the receiving state: Turks and Kurds in Germany and the Netherlands. Global Networks 2001, 3:261-281.
42. Pécoud A. 'Weltoffenheit schafft Jobs': Turkish entrepreneurship and multiculturalism in Berlin. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2002, 26:494-507.
43. Perreault W.D., Leigh L.E. Reliability of nominal data based on qualitative judgments. Journal of Marketing Research 1989, 26:135-148.
44. Peterson M.F., Meckler M.R. Cuban-American entrepreneurs: Chance, complexity and chaos. Organization Studies 2001, 22(1):31-59.
45. Phan M.B., Luk C.M. I don't say I have a business in Chinatown: Chinese sub-ethnic relations in Toronto's Chinatown West. Ethnic and Racial Studies 2007, 31(2):294-326.
46. Poros M.V. The role of migrant networks in linking local labour markets: The case of Asian Indian migration to New York and London. Global Networks 2001, 1:243-260.
47. Portes A. Conclusion: Theoretical convergencies and empirical evidence in the study of immigrant transnationalism. International Migration Review 2003, 37(3):874-892.
48. Portes A., Guarnizo L.E., Landolt P. The study of transnationalism: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field. Ethnic and Racial Studies 1999, 22(2):217-237.
49. Portes, A., Haller, W & Guarnizo, L. E. (2001). Transnational entrepreneurs: The emergence and determinants of an alternative form of immigrant economic adaptation. Retrieved June 16, 2009, from (). http://www.transcomm.ox.ac.uk/working%2520papers/WPTC-01-05%2520Portes.pdf.
50. Portes A., Haller W.J., Guarnizo L.E. Transnational entrepreneurs: An alternative from of immigrant economic adaptation. American Sociological Review 2002, 67(2):278-298.
51. Raijman R., Tienda M. Ethnic foundations of economic transactions: Mexican and Korean Immigrant entrepreneurs in Chicago. Ethnic and Racial Studies 2003, 26(5):783-801.
52. Ram M., Smallbone D., Deakins D., Jones T. Banking on " break-out": Finance and development of ethnic minority businesses. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2003, 29(4):663-681.
53. Rath J., Kloosterman R. Outsider's business: A critical review of research on immigrant entrepreneurship. International Migration Review 2000, 34(3):657-681.
54. Razin E., Langlois A. Metropolitan characteristics and entrepreneurship among immigrants and ethnic groups in Canada. International Migration Review 1996, 30(3):703-727.
55. Rusinovic K. Transnational embeddedness: Transnational activities and networks among first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs in the Netherlands. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2008, 34(3):431-451.
56. Salaff J.W. Subethnicity in the Chinese diaspora. International Migration 2005, 43(3):3-7.
57. Schwartz S.J., Pantin H., Sullivan S., Prado G., Szapocznik J. Nativity and years in the receiving culture as markers of acculturation in ethnic enclaves. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2006, 37(3):345-353.
58. Shinnar R.S., Young C.A. Hispanic immigrant entrepreneurs in the Las Vegas Metropolitan area: Motivations for entry into outcomes of self-employment. Journal of Small Business Management 2008, 46(2):242-262.
59. Steinfield C., Adelaar T., Liu F. Click and mortar strategies viewed from the web: A content analysis of features illustrating integration between retailers' online and offline presence. Electronic Markets 2005, 15(3):199-212.
60. Stone I., Stubbs C. Enterprising expatriates: Lifestyle migration and entrepreneurship in rural Southern Europe. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 2007, 19:433-450.
61. Teixeira C. Cultural resources and ethnic entrepreneurship: A case study of the Portuguese real estate industry in Toronto. The Canadian Geographer 1998, 42(3):267-281.
62. Teixeira C. Community resources and opportunities in ethnic economies: A case study of Portuguese and Black entrepreneurs in Toronto. Urban Studies 2001, 38(11):2055-2078.
63. Valdez Z. The effect of social capital on White, Korean, Mexican and Black business owners' earnings in the US. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 2008, 34(6):955-971.
64. Waldinger R. Structural opportunity or ethnic advantage? Immigrant business development in New York. International Migration Review 1989, 23(1):48-72.
65. Waldinger R., Howard E.A., Ward R. Ethnic entrepreneurs: Immigrant business in industrial societies 1990, Sage Publications, Inc., Newbury Park, Calif.
66. Weber R.P. Basic content analysis. Series: Quantitative applications in the social sciences 1990, Vol. 9. Sage Publications, California, USA. second edition.
67. Williams A.M., Balaz V. Winning, then losing, the battle with globalization: Vietnamese petty traders in Slovakia. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2005, 29(3):533-549.
68. Wilson K.L., Martin W.A. Ethnic enclaves: A comparison of the Cuban and black economies in Miami. The American Journal of Sociology 1982, 88(1):135-160.
69. Wong L.L., Ng S M. The emergence of small transnational enterprise in Vancouver: The case of Chinese immigrants. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2002, 26(3):508-530.
70. Zhou M. Revisiting ethnic entrepreneurship: Convergencies, controversies, and conceptual advancements. International Migration Review 2004, 38(3):1040-1074.
71. Zhou M., Kim R. A tale of two metropolises: Immigrant Chinese communities in New York and Los Angeles 2003, 124-149. University of Chicago Press, Los Angeles and New York in the New Millennium, Chicago. D. Halle (Ed.).
72. Zhou M., Logan J.R. Returns on human capital in ethic enclaves: New York City's Chinatown. American Sociological Review 1989, 54(5):809-820.