메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 279-289

Response of northeastern North American forests to climate change: Will soil conditions constrain tree species migration?

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Climate change; Soil properties; Temperate forest; Tree migration

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; GLOBAL WARMING; SOILS;

EID: 80053571124     PISSN: 11818700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/A10-013     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (82)

References (93)
  • 2
    • 84988167310 scopus 로고
    • The confusion between scale-defined levels and conventional levels of organization in ecology
    • 10.2307/3236048
    • Allen, T.F.H.; and Hoekstra, T.W. 1990. The confusion between scale-defined levels and conventional levels of organization in ecology. J. Veg. Sci. 1 (1): 5-12. 10.2307/3236048
    • (1990) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-12
    • Allen, T.F.H.1    Hoekstra, T.W.2
  • 3
    • 0036534071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct seeding of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands- Effects of canopy density and fine root biomass on seed germination
    • 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00710-1
    • Ammer, C.; Mosandl, R.; and El Kateb, H. 2002. Direct seeding of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands- Effects of canopy density and fine root biomass on seed germination. For. Ecol. Manage. 159 (1-2): 59-72. 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00710-1
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.159 , Issue.12 , pp. 59-72
    • Ammer, C.1    Mosandl, R.2    El Kateb, H.3
  • 4
    • 0026277424 scopus 로고
    • The effects of climate change on decomposition processes in grassland and coniferous forests
    • 10.2307/1941761
    • Anderson, J.M. 1991. The effects of climate change on decomposition processes in grassland and coniferous forests. Ecol. Appl. 1 (3): 326-347. 10.2307/1941761
    • (1991) Ecol. Appl. , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 326-347
    • Anderson, J.M.1
  • 5
    • 0034621899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress
    • 10.1038/35015049 10864320
    • Barber, V.A.; Juday, G.P.; and Finney, B.P. 2000. Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress. Nature, 405 (6787): 668-673. 10.1038/35015049 10864320
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , Issue.6787 , pp. 668-673
    • Barber, V.A.1    Juday, G.P.2    Finney, B.P.3
  • 6
    • 0032431327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The supply of regeneration micro-sites and segregation of tree species in a hardwood/boreal forest transition zone
    • 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.00232.x
    • Barras, N.; and Kellman, M. 1998. The supply of regeneration micro-sites and segregation of tree species in a hardwood/boreal forest transition zone. J. Biogeogr. 25 (5): 871-881. 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.00232.x
    • (1998) J. Biogeogr. , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 871-881
    • Barras, N.1    Kellman, M.2
  • 7
    • 41949128396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rapid upward shift of a forest ecotone during 40 years of warming in the Green Mountains of Vermont
    • 10.1073/pnas.0708921105 18334647
    • Beckage, B.; Osborne, B.; Gavin, D.G.; Pucko, C.; Siccama, T.; and Perkins, T. 2008. A rapid upward shift of a forest ecotone during 40 years of warming in the Green Mountains of Vermont. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (11): 4197-4202. 10.1073/pnas.0708921105 18334647
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.105 , Issue.11 , pp. 4197-4202
    • Beckage, B.1    Osborne, B.2    Gavin, D.G.3    Pucko, C.4    Siccama, T.5    Perkins, T.6
  • 8
    • 0031854473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do tree species affect soils? the warp and woof of tree-soil interactions
    • 10.1023/A:1005948126251
    • Binkley, D.; and Giardina, C. 1998. Why do tree species affect soils? The warp and woof of tree-soil interactions. Biogeochemistry, 42 (1/2): 89-106. 10.1023/A:1005948126251
    • (1998) Biogeochemistry , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 89-106
    • Binkley, D.1    Giardina, C.2
  • 9
    • 0024922464 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors and ecological processes in boreal forests
    • 10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000245
    • Bonan, G.B.; and Shugart, H.H. 1989. Environmental factors and ecological processes in boreal forests. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 20 (1): 1-28. 10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.000245
    • (1989) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-28
    • Bonan, G.B.1    Shugart, H.H.2
  • 10
    • 72449174268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of environmental variability on root dynamics in northern forests
    • 10.1080/07352680902776572
    • Brassard, B.W.; Chen, H.Y.H.; and Bergeron, Y. 2009. Influence of environmental variability on root dynamics in northern forests. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 28 (3): 179-197. 10.1080/07352680902776572
    • (2009) Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-197
    • Brassard, B.W.1    Chen, H.Y.H.2    Bergeron, Y.3
  • 12
    • 33750949726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advance of white spruce (Picea glauca) in the coastal tundra of the eastern shore of Hudson Bay (Québec, Canada)
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01563.x
    • Caccianiga, M.; and Payette, S. 2006. Recent advance of white spruce (Picea glauca) in the coastal tundra of the eastern shore of Hudson Bay (Québec, Canada). J. Biogeogr. 33 (12): 2120-2135. 10.1111/j.1365-2699. 2006.01563.x
    • (2006) J. Biogeogr. , vol.33 , Issue.12 , pp. 2120-2135
    • Caccianiga, M.1    Payette, S.2
  • 13
    • 0027975183 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska
    • 10.2307/2937039
    • Chapin, F.S.; III, Walker, L.R.; Fastie, C.L.; and Sharman, L.C. 1994. Mechanisms of primary succession following deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecol. Monogr. 64 (2): 149-175. 10.2307/2937039
    • (1994) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-175
    • Chapin III, F.S.1    Walker, L.R.2    Fastie, C.L.3    Sharman, L.C.4
  • 14
    • 75349112037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of canopy patch mosaics on understory plant community composition in boreal mixedwood forest
    • 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.013
    • Chávez, V.; and Macdonald, S.E. 2010. The influence of canopy patch mosaics on understory plant community composition in boreal mixedwood forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 259 (6): 1067-1075. 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.013
    • (2010) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.259 , Issue.6 , pp. 1067-1075
    • Chávez, V.1    Macdonald, S.E.2
  • 15
    • 56449114428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire promotes broadleaves and species mixture in boreal forest
    • 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.022
    • Chen, H.Y.H.; Vasiliauskas, S.; Kayahara, G.J.; and Ilisson, T. 2009. Wildfire promotes broadleaves and species mixture in boreal forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 257 (1): 343-350. 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.022
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.257 , Issue.1 , pp. 343-350
    • Chen, H.Y.H.1    Vasiliauskas, S.2    Kayahara, G.J.3    Ilisson, T.4
  • 16
    • 0034425620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling phenology from the local to the regional level: Advances from species-specific phenological models
    • 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00368.x
    • Chuine, I.; Cambon, G.; and Comtois, P. 2000. Scaling phenology from the local to the regional level: Advances from species-specific phenological models. Glob. Change Biol. 6 (8): 943-952. 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00368.x
    • (2000) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp. 943-952
    • Chuine, I.1    Cambon, G.2    Comtois, P.3
  • 18
    • 33846907541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01302.x
    • Danby, R.K.; and Hik, D.S. 2007. Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline. Glob. Change Biol. 13 (2): 437-451. 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01302.x
    • (2007) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 437-451
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 19
    • 0000377527 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary history of deciduous forests of eastern North America
    • 10.2307/2992086
    • Davis, M.B. 1983. Quaternary history of deciduous forests of eastern North America. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 70 (3): 550-563. 10.2307/2992086
    • (1983) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 550-563
    • Davis, M.B.1
  • 20
    • 0027487729 scopus 로고
    • Early primary succession on the volcano Mount St. Helens
    • 10.2307/3236108
    • del Moral, R.; and Wood, D.M. 1993. Early primary succession on the volcano Mount St. Helens. J. Veg. Sci. 4 (2): 223-234. 10.2307/3236108
    • (1993) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-234
    • Del Moral, R.1    Wood, D.M.2
  • 21
    • 39049157502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spring phenology in boreal Eurasia over a nearly century time scale
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01505.x
    • Delbart, N.; Picard, G.; Le Toan, T.; Kergoat, L.; Quegan, S.; Woodward, I.; Dye, D.; and Fedotova, V. 2008. Spring phenology in boreal Eurasia over a nearly century time scale. Glob. Change Biol. 14 (3): 603-614. 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01505.x
    • (2008) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 603-614
    • Delbart, N.1    Picard, G.2    Le Toan, T.3    Kergoat, L.4    Quegan, S.5    Woodward, I.6    Dye, D.7    Fedotova, V.8
  • 22
    • 0042174023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate variability and change in high elevation regions: Past, present and future
    • 10.1023/A:1024416227887
    • Diaz, H.F.; Grosjean, M.; and Graumlich, L. 2003. Climate variability and change in high elevation regions: Past, present and future. Clim. Change, 59 (1/2): 1-4. 10.1023/A:1024416227887
    • (2003) Clim. Change , vol.59 , Issue.12 , pp. 1-4
    • Diaz, H.F.1    Grosjean, M.2    Graumlich, L.3
  • 23
    • 0000931720 scopus 로고
    • An approach to modelling the relationship between plant species and site conditions in terrestrial ecosystems
    • 10.1016/0169-2046(94)01041-6
    • Ertsen, A.C.D.; Frens, J.W.; Nieuwenhuis, J.W.; and Wassen, M.J. 1995. An approach to modelling the relationship between plant species and site conditions in terrestrial ecosystems. Landsc. Urban Plan. 31 (1-3): 143-151. 10.1016/0169-2046(94)01041-6
    • (1995) Landsc. Urban Plan. , vol.31 , Issue.13 , pp. 143-151
    • Ertsen, A.C.D.1    Frens, J.W.2    Nieuwenhuis, J.W.3    Wassen, M.J.4
  • 24
    • 0028978318 scopus 로고
    • Causes and ecosystem consequences of multiple pathways of primary succession at Glacier Bay, Alaska
    • 10.2307/1940722
    • Fastie, C.L. 1995. Causes and ecosystem consequences of multiple pathways of primary succession at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecology, 76 (6): 1899-1916. 10.2307/1940722
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 1899-1916
    • Fastie, C.L.1
  • 27
    • 5344229460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Height growth response of tree line black spruce to recent climate warming across the forest-tundra of eastern Canada
    • 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00913.x
    • Gamache, I.; and Payette, S. 2004. Height growth response of tree line black spruce to recent climate warming across the forest-tundra of eastern Canada. J. Ecol. 92 (5): 835-845. 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00913.x
    • (2004) J. Ecol. , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 835-845
    • Gamache, I.1    Payette, S.2
  • 28
    • 20044390204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal response of subarctic tree lines to recent climate change in eastern Canada
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01182.x
    • Gamache, I.; and Payette, S. 2005. Latitudinal response of subarctic tree lines to recent climate change in eastern Canada. J. Biogeogr. 32 (5): 849-862. 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01182.x
    • (2005) J. Biogeogr. , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 849-862
    • Gamache, I.1    Payette, S.2
  • 29
    • 0001921913 scopus 로고
    • The individualistic concept of the plant association
    • 10.2307/2479933
    • Gleason, H.A. 1926. The individualistic concept of the plant association. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 53 (1): 7-26. 10.2307/2479933
    • (1926) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-26
    • Gleason, H.A.1
  • 30
    • 33644510480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree growth response to climate change at the deciduous-boreal forest ecotone, Ontario, Canada
    • 10.1139/x05-185
    • Goldblum, D.; and Rigg, L.S. 2005. Tree growth response to climate change at the deciduous-boreal forest ecotone, Ontario, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 35 (11): 2709-2718. 10.1139/x05-185
    • (2005) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 2709-2718
    • Goldblum, D.1    Rigg, L.S.2
  • 31
    • 40349116285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood models of the effects of invasive tree species on ecosystem processes
    • 10.1890/06-2036.1
    • Gómez-Aparicio, L.; and Canham, C.D. 2008. Neighborhood models of the effects of invasive tree species on ecosystem processes. Ecol. Monogr. 78 (1): 69-86. 10.1890/06-2036.1
    • (2008) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-86
    • Gómez-Aparicio, L.1    Canham, C.D.2
  • 32
    • 0002029376 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of element budgets over the course of terrestrial ecosystem succession
    • 10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.000413
    • Gorham, E.; Vitousek, P.M.; and Reiners, W.A. 1979. The regulation of element budgets over the course of terrestrial ecosystem succession. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 10 (1): 53-84. 10.1146/annurev.es.10.110179.000413
    • (1979) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-84
    • Gorham, E.1    Vitousek, P.M.2    Reiners, W.A.3
  • 33
    • 0003042007 scopus 로고
    • Planting stress in newly planted jack pine and white spruce. 1. Factors influencing water uptake
    • 14972837
    • Grossnickle, S.C. 1988. Planting stress in newly planted jack pine and white spruce. 1. Factors influencing water uptake. Tree Physiol. 4 (1): 71-83. 14972837
    • (1988) Tree Physiol. , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-83
    • Grossnickle, S.C.1
  • 34
    • 0034794730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global change in forests: Responses of species, communities, and biomes
    • 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0765:GCIFRO]2.0.CO;2
    • Hansen, A.J.; Neilson, R.P.; Dale, V.H.; Flather, C.H.; Iverson, L.R.; Currie, D.J.; Shafer, S.; Cook, R.; and Bartlein, P.J. 2001. Global change in forests: Responses of species, communities, and biomes. Bioscience, 51 (9): 765-779. 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0765:GCIFRO]2.0.CO;2
    • (2001) Bioscience , vol.51 , Issue.9 , pp. 765-779
    • Hansen, A.J.1    Neilson, R.P.2    Dale, V.H.3    Flather, C.H.4    Iverson, L.R.5    Currie, D.J.6    Shafer, S.7    Cook, R.8    Bartlein, P.J.9
  • 36
    • 0030404522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and plant species control over litter decomposition in Alaskan tundra
    • 10.2307/2963492
    • Hobbie, S.E. 1996. Temperature and plant species control over litter decomposition in Alaskan tundra. Ecol. Monogr. 66 (4): 503-522. 10.2307/2963492
    • (1996) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 503-522
    • Hobbie, S.E.1
  • 37
    • 2642640456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental test of limits to tree establishment in Arctic tundra
    • 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x
    • Hobbie, S.E.; and Chapin, F.S.; III. 1998. An experimental test of limits to tree establishment in Arctic tundra. J. Ecol. 86 (3): 449-461. 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00278.x
    • (1998) J. Ecol. , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 449-461
    • Hobbie, S.E.1    Chapin III, F.S.2
  • 38
    • 33748915241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent environmental controls over species composition in Alaskan black spruce communities
    • 10.1139/X06-061
    • Hollingsworth, T.N.; Walker, M.D.; Chapin, F.S.; III, and Parsons, A.L. 2006. Scale-dependent environmental controls over species composition in Alaskan black spruce communities. Can. J. For. Res. 36 (7): 1781-1796. 10.1139/X06-061
    • (2006) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.36 , Issue.7 , pp. 1781-1796
    • Hollingsworth, T.N.1    Walker, M.D.2
  • 40
    • 34247370602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
    • IPCC Edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H.L. Miller. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY
    • IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. In Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Edited by S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H.L. Miller. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY.
    • (2007) Contribution of Working Group i to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • 41
    • 3643116698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting abundance of 80 tree species following climate change in the eastern United States
    • 10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0465:PAOTSF]2.0.CO;2
    • Iverson, L.R.; and Prasad, A.M. 1998. Predicting abundance of 80 tree species following climate change in the eastern United States. Ecol. Monogr. 68 (4): 465-485. 10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0465:PAOTSF]2.0.CO;2
    • (1998) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 465-485
    • Iverson, L.R.1    Prasad, A.M.2
  • 42
    • 0036164188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential redistribution of tree species habitat under five climate change scenarios in the eastern US
    • 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00559-X
    • Iverson, L.R.; and Prasad, A.M. 2002. Potential redistribution of tree species habitat under five climate change scenarios in the eastern US. For. Ecol. Manage. 155 (1-3): 205-222. 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00559-X
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.155 , Issue.13 , pp. 205-222
    • Iverson, L.R.1    Prasad, A.M.2
  • 43
    • 0000071031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A GIS-derived integrated moisture index to predict forest composition and productivity of Ohio forests (U.S.A.)
    • 10.1023/A:1007989813501
    • Iverson, L.R.; Dale, M.E.; Scott, C.T.; and Prasad, A. 1997. A GIS-derived integrated moisture index to predict forest composition and productivity of Ohio forests (U.S.A.). Landsc. Ecol. 12 (5): 331-348. 10.1023/A:1007989813501
    • (1997) Landsc. Ecol. , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 331-348
    • Iverson, L.R.1    Dale, M.E.2    Scott, C.T.3    Prasad, A.4
  • 44
    • 44149104323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling potential climate change impacts on the trees of the Northeastern United States
    • a. 10.1007/s11027-007-9129-y
    • Iverson, L.R.; Prasad, A.M.; and Matthews, S. 2008. a. Modeling potential climate change impacts on the trees of the Northeastern United States. Mitig. Adapt. Strategies Glob. Change, 13 (5-6): 487-516. 10.1007/s11027-007-9129-y
    • (2008) Mitig. Adapt. Strategies Glob. Change , vol.13 , Issue.56 , pp. 487-516
    • Iverson, L.R.1    Prasad, A.M.2    Matthews, S.3
  • 45
    • 38349150302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating potential habitat for 134 eastern US tree species under six climate scenarios
    • b. 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.023
    • Iverson, L.R.; Prasad, A.M.; Matthews, S.N.; and Peters, M. 2008. b. Estimating potential habitat for 134 eastern US tree species under six climate scenarios. For. Ecol. Manage. 254 (3): 390-406. 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.07.023
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.254 , Issue.3 , pp. 390-406
    • Iverson, L.R.1    Prasad, A.M.2    Matthews, S.N.3    Peters, M.4
  • 46
    • 0030841944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapped plant-macrofossil and pollen records of late quaternary vegetation change in eastern North America
    • 10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00047-9
    • Jackson, S.T.; Overpeck, J.T.; Webb, T.; III, Keattch, S.E.; and Anderson, K.H. 1997. Mapped plant-macrofossil and pollen records of late quaternary vegetation change in eastern North America. Quat. Sci. Rev. 16 (1): 1-70. 10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00047-9
    • (1997) Quat. Sci. Rev. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-70
    • Jackson, S.T.1    Overpeck, J.T.2    Webb III, T.3    Keattch, S.E.4    Anderson, K.H.5
  • 47
    • 72149119452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of wildfire regimes in Canadian boreal terrestrial ecosystems
    • 10.1071/WF08096
    • Jiang, Y.; Zhuang, Q.; Flannigan, M.D.; and Little, J.M. 2009. Characterization of wildfire regimes in Canadian boreal terrestrial ecosystems. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 18 (8): 992-1002. 10.1071/WF08096
    • (2009) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 992-1002
    • Jiang, Y.1    Zhuang, Q.2    Flannigan, M.D.3    Little, J.M.4
  • 48
    • 0036680040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mineral nutrients in needles of Pinus sylvestris seed trees after release cutting and their correlations with cone production and seed weight
    • 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00684-3
    • Karlsson, C.; and Örlander, G. 2002. Mineral nutrients in needles of Pinus sylvestris seed trees after release cutting and their correlations with cone production and seed weight. For. Ecol. Manage. 166 (1-3): 183-191. 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00684-3
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.166 , Issue.13 , pp. 183-191
    • Karlsson, C.1    Örlander, G.2
  • 50
    • 4444297836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) establishment in boreal forest: Results of a transplantation experiment
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01128.x
    • Kellman, M. 2004. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) establishment in boreal forest: Results of a transplantation experiment. J. Biogeogr. 31 (9): 1515-1522. 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01128.x
    • (2004) J. Biogeogr. , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 1515-1522
    • Kellman, M.1
  • 51
    • 20144384873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of evergreen conifers to the larch-dominated zone and climatic trends
    • 10.1007/s11184-005-0055-5
    • Kharuk, V.I.; Dvinskaya, M.L.; Ranson, K.J.; and Im, S.T. 2005. Expansion of evergreen conifers to the larch-dominated zone and climatic trends. Russ. J. Ecol. 36 (3): 164-170. 10.1007/s11184-005-0055-5
    • (2005) Russ. J. Ecol. , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 164-170
    • Kharuk, V.I.1    Dvinskaya, M.L.2    Ranson, K.J.3    Im, S.T.4
  • 52
    • 0035050030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20th century climate warming and tree-limit rise in the southern Scandes of Sweden
    • 11374309
    • Kullman, L. 2001. 20th century climate warming and tree-limit rise in the southern Scandes of Sweden. Ambio, 30 (2): 72-80. 11374309
    • (2001) Ambio , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 72-80
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 53
    • 0036191987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid recent range-margin rise of tree and shrub species in the Swedish Scandes
    • 10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00630.x
    • Kullman, L. 2002. Rapid recent range-margin rise of tree and shrub species in the Swedish Scandes. J. Ecol. 90 (1): 68-77. 10.1046/j.0022-0477. 2001.00630.x
    • (2002) J. Ecol. , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-77
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 54
    • 57549112251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking the abundance of aspen with soil faunal communities and rates of belowground processes within single stands of mixed aspen-black spruce
    • 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.08.005
    • Laganière, J.; Paré, D.; and Bradley, R.L. 2009. Linking the abundance of aspen with soil faunal communities and rates of belowground processes within single stands of mixed aspen-black spruce. Appl. Soil Ecol. 41 (1): 19-28. 10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.08.005
    • (2009) Appl. Soil Ecol. , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-28
    • Laganière, J.1    Paré, D.2    Bradley, R.L.3
  • 55
    • 77949634231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does a tree species influence litter decomposition? Separating the relative contribution of litter quality, litter mixing, and forest floor conditions
    • 10.1139/X09-208
    • Laganière, J.; Paré, D.; and Bradley, R.L. 2010. How does a tree species influence litter decomposition? Separating the relative contribution of litter quality, litter mixing, and forest floor conditions. Can. J. For. Res. 40 (3): 465-475. 10.1139/X09-208
    • (2010) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 465-475
    • Laganière, J.1    Paré, D.2    Bradley, R.L.3
  • 56
    • 76749152406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmentation du couvert en peuplier faux-tremble dans les pessières noires du nord-ouest du Québec après coupe totale
    • 10.2980/16-4-3252
    • Laquerre, S.; Leduc, A.; and Harvey, B.D. 2009. Augmentation du couvert en peuplier faux-tremble dans les pessières noires du nord-ouest du Québec après coupe totale. Ecoscience, 16 (4): 483-491. 10.2980/16-4-3252
    • (2009) Ecoscience , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 483-491
    • Laquerre, S.1    Leduc, A.2    Harvey, B.D.3
  • 57
    • 0034754497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the understory vegetation in boreal forest types of southwest Quebec
    • 10.1139/cjb-79-9-1019
    • Légaré, S.; Bergeron, Y.; Leduc, A.; and Paré, D. 2001. Comparison of the understory vegetation in boreal forest types of southwest Quebec. Can. J. Bot. 79 (9): 1019-1027. 10.1139/cjb-79-9-1019
    • (2001) Can. J. Bot. , vol.79 , Issue.9 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Légaré, S.1    Bergeron, Y.2    Leduc, A.3    Paré, D.4
  • 58
    • 27944495276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of aspen on forest floor properties in black spruce-dominated stands
    • 10.1007/s11104-005-1482-6
    • Légaré, S.; Paré, D.; and Bergeron, Y. 2005. Influence of aspen on forest floor properties in black spruce-dominated stands. Plant Soil, 275 (1-2): 207-220. 10.1007/s11104-005-1482-6
    • (2005) Plant Soil , vol.275 , Issue.12 , pp. 207-220
    • Légaré, S.1    Paré, D.2    Bergeron, Y.3
  • 59
    • 0027101175 scopus 로고
    • The problem of pattern and scale in ecology
    • 10.2307/1941447
    • Levin, S.A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology, 73 (6): 1943-1967. 10.2307/1941447
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 1943-1967
    • Levin, S.A.1
  • 60
    • 33747604149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-soil feedbacks and invasive spread
    • 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00949.x 16925649
    • Levine, J.M.; Pachepsky, E.; Kendall, B.E.; Yelenik, S.G.; and Lambers, J.H.R. 2006. Plant-soil feedbacks and invasive spread. Ecol. Lett. 9 (9): 1005-1014. 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00949.x 16925649
    • (2006) Ecol. Lett. , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 1005-1014
    • Levine, J.M.1    Pachepsky, E.2    Kendall, B.E.3    Yelenik, S.G.4    Lambers, J.H.R.5
  • 61
    • 21744439533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological histories from Alaskan tree lines provide insight into future change
    • 10.1890/03-0786
    • Lloyd, A.H. 2005. Ecological histories from Alaskan tree lines provide insight into future change. Ecology, 86 (7): 1687-1695. 10.1890/03-0786
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , Issue.7 , pp. 1687-1695
    • Lloyd, A.H.1
  • 62
    • 0036130219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline trees in Alaska
    • 10.1023/A:1014278819094
    • Lloyd, A.H.; and Fastie, C.L. 2002. Spatial and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline trees in Alaska. Clim. Change, 52 (4): 481-509. 10.1023/A:1014278819094
    • (2002) Clim. Change , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 481-509
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Fastie, C.L.2
  • 63
    • 0042623439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent changes in treeline forest distribution and structure in interior Alaska
    • Lloyd, A.H.; and Fastie, C.L. 2003. Recent changes in treeline forest distribution and structure in interior Alaska. Ecoscience, 10: 176-183.
    • (2003) Ecoscience , vol.10 , pp. 176-183
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Fastie, C.L.2
  • 64
    • 0041814508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of permafrost degradation on woody vegetation at arctic treeline on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska
    • 10.1002/ppp.446
    • Lloyd, A.H.; Yoshikawa, K.; Fastie, C.L.; Hinzman, L.; and Fraver, M. 2003. Effects of permafrost degradation on woody vegetation at arctic treeline on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Permafrost Periglac. Process, 14 (2): 93-101. 10.1002/ppp.446
    • (2003) Permafrost Periglac. Process , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-101
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Yoshikawa, K.2    Fastie, C.L.3    Hinzman, L.4    Fraver, M.5
  • 65
    • 38849174872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and substrate interact to control the northern range limit of black spruce (Picea mariana) in Alaska
    • 10.1139/X07-092
    • Lloyd, A.H.; Fastie, C.L.; and Eisen, H. 2007. Fire and substrate interact to control the northern range limit of black spruce (Picea mariana) in Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 37 (12): 2480-2493. 10.1139/X07-092
    • (2007) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 2480-2493
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Fastie, C.L.2    Eisen, H.3
  • 66
    • 0348161184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of landscape structure and climate variability on a late Holocene plant migration
    • 10.1890/03-4011
    • Lyford, M.E.; Jackson, S.T.; Betancourt, J.L.; and Gray, S.T. 2003. Influence of landscape structure and climate variability on a late Holocene plant migration. Ecol. Monogr. 73 (4): 567-583. 10.1890/03-4011
    • (2003) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.73 , Issue.4 , pp. 567-583
    • Lyford, M.E.1    Jackson, S.T.2    Betancourt, J.L.3    Gray, S.T.4
  • 67
    • 0033082697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response patterns of Vaccinium myrtillus and V. Vitis-idaea along nutrient gradients in boreal forest
    • 10.2307/3237156
    • Mäkipää, R. 1999. Response patterns of Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea along nutrient gradients in boreal forest. J. Veg. Sci. 10 (1): 17-26. 10.2307/3237156
    • (1999) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-26
    • Mäkipää, R.1
  • 69
    • 38749120072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of North American trees
    • 10.1641/B571106
    • McKenney, D.W.; Pedlar, J.H.; Lawrence, K.; Campbell, K.; and Hutchinson, M.F. 2007. Potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of North American trees. Bioscience, 57 (11): 939-948. 10.1641/B571106
    • (2007) Bioscience , vol.57 , Issue.11 , pp. 939-948
    • McKenney, D.W.1    Pedlar, J.H.2    Lawrence, K.3    Campbell, K.4    Hutchinson, M.F.5
  • 70
    • 38849138370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant species migration as a key uncertainty in predicting future impacts of climate change on ecosystems: Progress and challenges
    • Edited by J.G. Canadell, D.E. Pataki, and L.F. Pitelka. Springer, New York, NY
    • Midgley, G.F.; Thuiller, W.; and Higgins, S.I. 2007. Plant species migration as a key uncertainty in predicting future impacts of climate change on ecosystems: Progress and challenges. In Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World. Edited by J.G. Canadell, D.E. Pataki, and L.F. Pitelka. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 129-137.
    • (2007) Terrestrial Ecosystems in A Changing World , pp. 129-137
    • Midgley, G.F.1    Thuiller, W.2    Higgins, S.I.3
  • 72
    • 0035695370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-glacial vegetation migration in conterminous Montréal Lowlands, southern Québec
    • 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00625.x
    • Muller, S.D.; and Richard, P.J.H. 2001. Post-glacial vegetation migration in conterminous Montréal Lowlands, southern Québec. J. Biogeogr. 28 (10): 1169-1193. 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00625.x
    • (2001) J. Biogeogr. , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 1169-1193
    • Muller, S.D.1    Richard, P.J.H.2
  • 73
    • 0030619096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991
    • 10.1038/386698a0
    • Myneni, R.B.; Keeling, C.D.; Tucker, C.J.; Asrar, G.; and Nemani, R.R. 1997. Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature, 386 (6626): 698-702. 10.1038/386698a0
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , Issue.6626 , pp. 698-702
    • Myneni, R.B.1    Keeling, C.D.2    Tucker, C.J.3    Asrar, G.4    Nemani, R.R.5
  • 74
    • 0028974497 scopus 로고
    • A model for predicting continental-scale vegetation distribution and water balance
    • 10.2307/1942028
    • Neilson, R.P. 1995. A model for predicting continental-scale vegetation distribution and water balance. Ecol. Appl. 5 (2): 362-385. 10.2307/1942028
    • (1995) Ecol. Appl. , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 362-385
    • Neilson, R.P.1
  • 75
    • 24144474663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting regional to global plant migration in response to climate change
    • 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0749:FRTGPM]2.0.CO;2
    • Neilson, R.P.; Pitelka, L.F.; Solomon, A.M.; Nathan, R.; Midgley, G.F.; Fragoso, J.M.V.; Lischke, H.; and Thompson, K. 2005. Forecasting regional to global plant migration in response to climate change. Bioscience, 55 (9): 749-759. 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0749:FRTGPM]2.0.CO;2
    • (2005) Bioscience , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 749-759
    • Neilson, R.P.1    Pitelka, L.F.2    Solomon, A.M.3    Nathan, R.4    Midgley, G.F.5    Fragoso, J.M.V.6    Lischke, H.7    Thompson, K.8
  • 76
    • 0037567254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999
    • 10.1126/science.1082750 12791990
    • Nemani, R.R.; Keeling, C.D.; Hashimoto, H.; Jolly, W.M.; Piper, S.C.; Tucker, C.J.; Myneni, R.B.; and Running, S.W. 2003. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999. Science, 300 (5625): 1560-1563. 10.1126/science.1082750 12791990
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , Issue.5625 , pp. 1560-1563
    • Nemani, R.R.1    Keeling, C.D.2    Hashimoto, H.3    Jolly, W.M.4    Piper, S.C.5    Tucker, C.J.6    Myneni, R.B.7    Running, S.W.8
  • 77
    • 3042533739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of landscape position and vegetation on long-term weathering rates at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA
    • 10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.021
    • Nezat, C.A.; Blum, J.D.; Klaue, A.; Johnson, C.E.; and Siccama, T.G. 2004. Influence of landscape position and vegetation on long-term weathering rates at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68 (14): 3065-3078. 10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.021
    • (2004) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.68 , Issue.14 , pp. 3065-3078
    • Nezat, C.A.1    Blum, J.D.2    Klaue, A.3    Johnson, C.E.4    Siccama, T.G.5
  • 78
    • 0026290018 scopus 로고
    • Potential magnitude of future vegetation change in eastern north america: Comparisons with the past
    • 10.1126/science.254.5032.692 17774796
    • Overpeck, J.T.; Bartlein, P.J.; and Webb, T.; 3rd. 1991. Potential magnitude of future vegetation change in eastern north america: comparisons with the past. Science, 254 (5032): 692-695. 10.1126/science.254.5032.692 17774796
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , Issue.5032 , pp. 692-695
    • Overpeck, J.T.1    Bartlein, P.J.2    Webb III, T.3
  • 79
    • 0022200766 scopus 로고
    • White spruce expansion at the tree line and recent climatic change
    • 10.1139/x85-042
    • Payette, S.; and Filion, L. 1985. White spruce expansion at the tree line and recent climatic change. Can. J. For. Res. 15 (1): 241-251. 10.1139/x85-042
    • (1985) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 241-251
    • Payette, S.1    Filion, L.2
  • 80
    • 0033757075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the date of leaf emergence for sugar maple across its native range
    • 10.1139/cjfr-30-9-1429
    • Raulier, F.; and Bernier, P.Y. 2000. Predicting the date of leaf emergence for sugar maple across its native range. Can. J. For. Res. 30 (9): 1429-1435. 10.1139/cjfr-30-9-1429
    • (2000) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.30 , Issue.9 , pp. 1429-1435
    • Raulier, F.1    Bernier, P.Y.2
  • 81
    • 0037101249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary history of spruce in southern Europe
    • 10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00149-X
    • Ravazzi, C. 2002. Late Quaternary history of spruce in southern Europe. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 120 (1-2): 131-177. 10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00149-X
    • (2002) Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. , vol.120 , Issue.12 , pp. 131-177
    • Ravazzi, C.1
  • 82
    • 0002684031 scopus 로고
    • Plant diversity in a chronosequence at Glacier Bay, Alaska
    • 10.2307/1934737
    • Reiners, W.A.; Worley, I.A.; and Lawrence, B.D. 1971. Plant diversity in a chronosequence at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecology, 52 (1): 55-69. 10.2307/1934737
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-69
    • Reiners, W.A.1    Worley, I.A.2    Lawrence, B.D.3
  • 83
    • 48749099858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated effects of climate change, fragmentation, and inter-specific competition on tree species migration in northern Wisconsin, USA
    • 10.3354/cr00745
    • Scheller, R.M.; and Mladenoff, D.J. 2008. Simulated effects of climate change, fragmentation, and inter-specific competition on tree species migration in northern Wisconsin, USA. Clim. Res. 36: 191-202. 10.3354/cr00745
    • (2008) Clim. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 191-202
    • Scheller, R.M.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2
  • 84
    • 0001698574 scopus 로고
    • The chronosequence concept and soil formation
    • 10.1086/406646
    • Stevens, P.R.; and Walker, T.W. 1970. The chronosequence concept and soil formation. Q. Rev. Biol. 45 (4): 333-350. 10.1086/406646
    • (1970) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 333-350
    • Stevens, P.R.1    Walker, T.W.2
  • 85
    • 0036239633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential effects of sexual reproduction and seedling recruitment on the maintenance of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) populations at the northern limit of the species range
    • 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00665.x
    • Tremblay, M.F.; Bergeron, Y.; Lalonde, D.; and Mauffette, Y. 2002. The potential effects of sexual reproduction and seedling recruitment on the maintenance of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) populations at the northern limit of the species range. J. Biogeogr. 29 (3): 365-373. 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00665. x
    • (2002) J. Biogeogr. , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 365-373
    • Tremblay, M.F.1    Bergeron, Y.2    Lalonde, D.3    Mauffette, Y.4
  • 86
    • 68049143125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root organic acid exudates and properties of rhizosphere soils of white spruce (Picea glauca) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa)
    • 10.4141/CJSS08021
    • Tuason, M.M.S.; and Arocena, J.M. 2009. Root organic acid exudates and properties of rhizosphere soils of white spruce (Picea glauca) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Can. J. Soil Sci. 89 (3): 287-300. 10.4141/CJSS08021
    • (2009) Can. J. Soil Sci. , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 287-300
    • Tuason, M.M.S.1    Arocena, J.M.2
  • 87
    • 0002788362 scopus 로고
    • Taiga ecosystems in interior Alaska
    • 10.2307/1309243
    • Van Cleve, K.; Dyrness, C.T.; Viereck, L.A.; Fox, J.; Chapin, F.S.; III, and Oechel, W. 1983. Taiga ecosystems in interior Alaska. Bioscience, 33 (1): 39-44. 10.2307/1309243
    • (1983) Bioscience , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-44
    • Van Cleve, K.1    Dyrness, C.T.2    Viereck, L.A.3    Fox, J.4
  • 88
    • 0031063188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of permafrost thawing on the carbon dynamics of tundra
    • 10.1029/97GL00071
    • Waelbroeck, C.; Monfray, P.; Oechel, W.C.; Hastings, S.; and Vourlitis, G. 1997. The impact of permafrost thawing on the carbon dynamics of tundra. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (3): 229-232. 10.1029/97GL00071
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-232
    • Waelbroeck, C.1    Monfray, P.2    Oechel, W.C.3    Hastings, S.4    Vourlitis, G.5
  • 89
    • 49549127599 scopus 로고
    • The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis
    • 10.1016/0016-7061(76)90066-5
    • Walker, T.W.; and Syers, J.K. 1976. The fate of phosphorus during pedogenesis. Geoderma, 15 (1): 1-19. 10.1016/0016-7061(76)90066-5
    • (1976) Geoderma , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-19
    • Walker, T.W.1    Syers, J.K.2
  • 90
    • 0002738805 scopus 로고
    • Eastern North America
    • Edited by B. Huntley and T. Webb III. Kluwer Academic Publ. Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Webb, T.; III. 1988. Eastern North America. In Vegetation History. Vol. VII in Handbook of Vegetation Science B. Edited by B. Huntley and T. Webb III. Kluwer Academic Publ.; Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 385-414.
    • (1988) Vegetation History. Vol. VII in Handbook of Vegetation Science B , pp. 385-414
    • Webb III, T.1
  • 91
    • 3843107544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary vegetation dynamics in North America: Scaling from taxa to biomes
    • 10.1890/02-4045
    • Williams, J.W.; Shuman, B.N.; Webb, T.; III, Bartlein, P.J.; and Leduc, P.L. 2004. Late-Quaternary vegetation dynamics in North America: Scaling from taxa to biomes. Ecol. Monogr. 74 (2): 309-334. 10.1890/02-4045
    • (2004) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-334
    • Williams, J.W.1    Shuman, B.N.2
  • 92
    • 0027101420 scopus 로고
    • Response of the Canadian permafrost environment to climatic change
    • Woo, M.-K.; Lewkowicz, A.G.; and Rouse, W.R. 1992. Response of the Canadian permafrost environment to climatic change. Phys. Geogr. 13: 287-317.
    • (1992) Phys. Geogr. , vol.13 , pp. 287-317
    • Woo, M.-K.1    Lewkowicz, A.G.2    Rouse, W.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.