메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 823-834

Hepatotoxicity and tumorigenicity induced by metabolic activation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbs

Author keywords

Hepatotoxicity; Herb drug interactions; Metabolic activation; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Tumorigenicity

Indexed keywords

5 (DEOXYGUANOSIN N 2 YL)DEHYDROSUPINIDINE; 7 HYDROXY 9 (DEOXYGUANOSIN N 2 YL)DEHYDROSUPINIDINE; CELL PROTEIN; CLIVORINE; CYTOCHROME P450; DNA; DRUG METABOLITE; DRUG METABOLIZING ENZYME; HELIOTRIDINE; HELIOTRINE; HERBACEOUS AGENT; HYDROXYSENKIRKINE; INTERMEDINE; JACOBINE; LASIOCARPINE; LYCOPSAMINE; MONOCROTALINE; OTONECINE; PETASITENINE; PLATYNECINE; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID; RETRONECINE; RETRORSINE; RETRORSINE N OXIDE; RIDDELLINE; SENECIONINE; SENECIPHYLLINE; SENKIRKINE; SYMPHYTINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 80053530583     PISSN: 13892002     EISSN: 18755453     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920011797470119     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (104)

References (144)
  • 2
    • 0033788020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicinal plants in China containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • Roeder, E. Medicinal plants in China containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Pharmazie, 2000, 55, 711-726.
    • (2000) Pharmazie , vol.55 , pp. 711-726
    • Roeder, E.1
  • 4
    • 74649086491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry puts herbal supplements to the test
    • Zurer, P.; Hanson, D. Chemistry puts herbal supplements to the test. Chem. Eng. News, 2004, 82, 16.
    • (2004) Chem. Eng. News , vol.82 , pp. 16
    • Zurer, P.1    Hanson, D.2
  • 5
    • 77049094690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba extract induces gene expression changes in xenobiotics metabolism and the myc-centered network
    • Guo, L.; Mei, N.; Liao, W.; Chan, P.C.; Fu, P. Ginkgo biloba extract induces gene expression changes in xenobiotics metabolism and the myc-centered network. OMICS, 2010, 14, 75-90.
    • (2010) OMICS , Issue.14 , pp. 75-90
    • Guo, L.1    Mei, N.2    Liao, W.3    Chan, P.C.4    Fu, P.5
  • 6
    • 77951240826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiling as an initial approach for mechanistic studies of toxicity and tumorigenicity of herbal plants and herbal dietary supplements
    • Guo, L.; Mei, N.; Xia, Q.; Chan, P.C.; Chen, T.; Fu, P.P. Gene expression profiling as an initial approach for mechanistic studies of toxicity and tumorigenicity of herbal plants and herbal dietary supplements. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part C, 2010, 28, 60-87.
    • (2010) J. Environ. Sci. Health Part C , Issue.28 , pp. 60-87
    • Guo, L.1    Mei, N.2    Xia, Q.3    Chan, P.C.4    Chen, T.5    Fu, P.P.6
  • 7
    • 74649085160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiling in male B6C3F1 mouse livers exposed to kava identifies - Changes in drug metabolizing genes and potential mechanisms linked to kava toxicity
    • Guo, L.; Dial, S.; Shi, Q.; Xia, Q.; Mei, N.; Li, Q.; Chan, P.C.; Fu, P.P. Gene expression profiling in male B6C3F1 mouse livers exposed to kava identifies - Changes in drug metabolizing genes and potential mechanisms linked to kava toxicity. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2010, 48, 686-696.
    • (2010) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.48 , pp. 686-696
    • Guo, L.1    Dial, S.2    Shi, Q.3    Xia, Q.4    Mei, N.5    Li, Q.6    Chan, P.C.7    Fu, P.P.8
  • 8
    • 0030882736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies: Insights into the intricacies of plant-animal warfare and cell death
    • Kaplowitz, N. Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies: insights into the intricacies of plant-animal warfare and cell death. Gastroenterol., 1997, 113,1408-1412.
    • (1997) Gastroenterol. , vol.113 , pp. 1408-1412
    • Kaplowitz, N.1
  • 11
    • 1842479653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kava kava: Examining new reports of toxicity
    • DOI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.07.005, PII S0378427404000402
    • Clouatre, D.L. Kava kava: examining new reports of toxicity. Toxicol. Lett., 2004, 150, 85-96. (Pubitemid 38447238)
    • (2004) Toxicology Letters , vol.150 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-96
    • Clouatre, D.L.1
  • 12
    • 33845346818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical analysis of expressions of hepatic cytochrome P450 in F344 rats following oral treatment with kava extract
    • DOI 10.1016/j.etp.2006.08.002, PII S0940299306000947
    • Clayton, N.P.; Yoshizawa, K.; Kissling, G.E.; Burka, L.T.; Chan, P.C.; Nyska, A. Immunohistochemical analysis of expressions of hepatic cytochrome P450 in F344 rats following oral treatment with kava extract. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2007, 58, 223-236. (Pubitemid 44873076)
    • (2007) Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 223-236
    • Clayton, N.P.1    Yoshizawa, K.2    Kissling, G.E.3    Burka, L.T.4    Chan, P.-C.5    Nyska, A.6
  • 14
    • 58149512737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of gene expression changes of drug metabolizing enzymes in the livers of F344 rats following oral treatment with kava extract
    • Guo, L.; Li, Q.; Xia, Q.; Dial, S.; Chan, P.C.; Fu, P. Analysis of gene expression changes of drug metabolizing enzymes in the livers of F344 rats following oral treatment with kava extract. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2009, 47, 433-442.
    • (2009) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.47 , pp. 433-442
    • Guo, L.1    Li, Q.2    Xia, Q.3    Dial, S.4    Chan, P.C.5    Fu, P.6
  • 15
    • 1642323484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids - Genotoxicity, Metabolism Enzymes, Metabolic Activation, and Mechanisms
    • DOI 10.1081/DMR-120028426
    • Fu, P.P.; Xia, Q.; Lin, G.; Chou, M.W. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: genotoxicity, metabolism enzymes, metabolic activation, and mechanisms. Drug Metab. Rev., 2004, 36, 1-55. (Pubitemid 38387834)
    • (2004) Drug Metabolism Reviews , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-55
    • Fu, P.P.1    Xia, Q.2    Lin, G.3    Chou, M.W.4
  • 18
    • 0036982014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids - Tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements
    • Fu, P.P.; Yang, Y.C.; Xia, Q.; Chou, M.W.; Cui, Y.Y.; Lin, G. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements. J. Food Drug Anal., 2002, 10, 198-211. (Pubitemid 36204638)
    • (2002) Journal of Food and Drug Analysis , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 198-211
    • Fu, P.P.1    Yang, Y.-C.2    Xia, Q.3    Chou, M.W.4    Cui, Y.Y.5    Lin, G.6
  • 19
    • 3242790981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids - Mechanisms leading to DNA adductformation and tumorigenicity
    • Fu, P.P.; Xia, Q.; Lin, G.; Chou, M.W. Genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids-mechanisms leading to DNA adduct formation and tumorigenicity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2002, 3, 948-964. (Pubitemid 38977654)
    • (2002) International Journal of Molecular Sciences , vol.3 , Issue.9 , pp. 948-964
    • Fu, P.P.1    Xia, Q.2    Lin, G.3    Chou, M.W.4
  • 20
    • 0028798219 scopus 로고
    • Medicinal plants in Europe containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • Roeder, E. Medicinal plants in Europe containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Pharmazie, 1995, 50, 83-98.
    • (1995) Pharmazie , vol.50 , pp. 83-98
    • Roeder, E.1
  • 21
    • 77949361456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the detection and quantitation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo
    • Fu, P.P.; Chou, M.W.; Churchwell, M.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Xia, Q.; Gamboa da Costa, G.; Marques, M.M.; Beland, F.A.; Doerge, D.R. High-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the detection and quantitation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2010, 23(3), 637-652.
    • (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 637-652
    • Fu, P.P.1    Chou, M.W.2    Churchwell, M.3    Wang, Y.4    Zhao, Y.5    Xia, Q.6    Gamboa Da Costa, G.7    Marques, M.M.8    Beland, F.A.9    Doerge, D.R.10
  • 22
    • 40749124888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection, hepatotoxicity, and tumorigenicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Chinese herbal plants and herbal dietary supplements
    • Quality Assurance and Safety of Herbal Dietary Supplements
    • Fu, P.P.; Xia, Q.; Chou, M.W.; Lin, G. Detection, hepatotoxicity, and tumorigenicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Chinese herbal plants and herbal dietary supplements. J. Food Drug Anal., 2007, 15, 400-415. (Pubitemid 351385213)
    • (2007) Journal of Food and Drug Analysis , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 400-415
    • Fu, P.P.1    Xia, Q.2    Chou, M.W.3    Lin, G.4
  • 23
    • 0019061838 scopus 로고
    • Herbal teas and toxins: Novel aspects of pyrrolizidine poisoning in the United States
    • Huxtable, R.J. Herbal teas and toxins: novel aspects of pyrrolizidine poisoning in the United States. Perspect. Biol. Med., 1980, 24, 1-14.
    • (1980) Perspect. Biol. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 1-14
    • Huxtable, R.J.1
  • 24
    • 0019457601 scopus 로고
    • Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • DOI 10.1021/np50014a001
    • Smith, L.W.; Culvenor, C.C. Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J. Nat. Prod., 1981, 44, 129-152. (Pubitemid 11085182)
    • (1981) Journal of Natural Products , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-152
    • Smith, L.W.1    Culvenor, C.C.J.2
  • 26
    • 0004329401 scopus 로고
    • International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) , Health and Safety Criteria Guide 26, WHO: Geneva, Switzerland
    • International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Health and Safety Guide, Health and Safety Criteria Guide 26, WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 1989.
    • (1989) Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Health and Safety Guide
  • 27
    • 40749092098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality assurance and safety of herbal dietary supplements
    • Quality Assurance and Safety of Herbal Dietary Supplements
    • Fu, P.P. Quality assurance and safety of herbal dietary supplements. J. Food Drug Anal., 2007, 15, 333-334. (Pubitemid 351385205)
    • (2007) Journal of Food and Drug Analysis , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 333-334
    • Fu, P.P.1
  • 28
    • 0035206839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and pyrrolizidine alkaloid Noxides: Mechanisms leading to DNA adduct formation and tumorigenicity
    • Fu, P.; Chou, M.; Xia, Q.; Yang, Y.C.; Yan, J.; Doerge, D.; Chan, P. Genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and pyrrolizidine alkaloid Noxides: mechanisms leading to DNA adduct formation and tumorigenicity. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part C, 2001, 19, 353-386.
    • (2001) J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part C , vol.19 , pp. 353-386
    • Fu, P.1    Chou, M.2    Xia, Q.3    Yang, Y.C.4    Yan, J.5    Doerge, D.6    Chan, P.7
  • 29
    • 0034080001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and analytical aspects of pyrrolizidine poisoning caused by South African traditional medicines
    • DOI 10.1097/00007691-200006000-00011
    • Steenkamp, V.; Stewart, M.J.; Zuckerman, M. Clinical and analytical aspects of pyrrolizidine poisoning caused by South African traditional medicines. Ther. Drug Monit., 2000, 22, 302-306. (Pubitemid 30346446)
    • (2000) Therapeutic Drug Monitoring , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 302-306
    • Steenkamp, V.1    Stewart, M.J.2    Zuckerman, M.3
  • 31
    • 0034113243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tansy ragwort poisoning in a horse in southern Ontario
    • de Lanux-Van Gorder, V. Tansy ragwort poisoning in a horse in southern Ontario. Can. Vet. J., 2000, 41, 409-410. (Pubitemid 30350825)
    • (2000) Canadian Veterinary Journal , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 409-410
    • De Lanux-Van Gorder, V.1
  • 32
    • 0014428296 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • Mattocks, A.R. Toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Nature, 1968, 217, 723-728.
    • (1968) Nature , vol.217 , pp. 723-728
    • Mattocks, A.R.1
  • 33
    • 0001764378 scopus 로고
    • Senecio alkaloids: Primary liver tumours in rats as a result of treatment with (1) a mixture of alkaloids from S. jacobaea Lin.; (2) retrorsine; (3) isatidine
    • Schoental, R.; Head, M.A.; Peacock, P.R. Senecio alkaloids: primary liver tumours in rats as a result of treatment with (1) a mixture of alkaloids from S. jacobaea Lin.; (2) retrorsine; (3) isatidine. Br. J. Cancer, 1954, 8, 458-465.
    • (1954) Br. J. Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 458-465
    • Schoental, R.1    Head, M.A.2    Peacock, P.R.3
  • 34
    • 0014837254 scopus 로고
    • Islet cell tumors of the pancreas found in rats given pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Amsinckia intermedia Fisch and Mey and from Heliotropium supinum L
    • Schoental, R.; Fowler, M.E.; Coady, A. Islet cell tumors of the pancreas found in rats given pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Amsinckia intermedia Fisch and Mey and from Heliotropium supinum L. Cancer Res., 1970, 30, 2127-2131.
    • (1970) Cancer Res. , vol.30 , pp. 2127-2131
    • Schoental, R.1    Fowler, M.E.2    Coady, A.3
  • 35
    • 0015390768 scopus 로고
    • Brain and spinal cord tumors in rats treated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • Schoental, R.; Cavanagh, J.B. Brain and spinal cord tumors in rats treated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1972, 49, 665-671.
    • (1972) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.49 , pp. 665-671
    • Schoental, R.1    Cavanagh, J.B.2
  • 36
    • 0016815156 scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic islet-cell and other tumors in rats given heliotrine, a monoester pyrrolizidine alkaloid, and nicotinamide
    • Schoental, R. Pancreatic islet-cell and other tumors in rats given heliotrine, a monoester pyrrolizidine alkaloid, and nicotinamide. Cancer Res., 1975, 35, 2020-2024.
    • (1975) Cancer Res. , vol.35 , pp. 2020-2024
    • Schoental, R.1
  • 37
    • 0015332687 scopus 로고
    • Malignant tumors in rats given lasiocarpine
    • Svoboda, D.J.; Reddy, J.K. Malignant tumors in rats given lasiocarpine. Cancer Res., 1972, 32, 908-913.
    • (1972) Cancer Res. , vol.32 , pp. 908-913
    • Svoboda, D.J.1    Reddy, J.K.2
  • 38
    • 0019310784 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenic activity of clivorine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Ligularia dentata
    • DOI 10.1016/0304-3835(80)90034-8
    • Kuhara, K.; Takanashi, H.; Hirono, I.; Furuya, T.; Asada, Y. Carcinogenic activity of clivorine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Ligularia dentata. Cancer Lett., 1980, 10, 117-122. (Pubitemid 10012462)
    • (1980) Cancer Letters , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-122
    • Kuhara, K.1    Takanashi, H.2    Hirono, I.3
  • 39
    • 0017856185 scopus 로고
    • Malignant neoplasms in rats fed lasiocarpine
    • Rao, M.S.; Reddy, J.K. Malignant neoplasms in rats fed lasiocarpine. Br. J. Cancer, 1978, 37, 289-293. (Pubitemid 8281329)
    • (1978) British Journal of Cancer , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 289-293
    • Rao, M.S.1    Reddy, J.K.2
  • 40
    • 0020356450 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity of some pyrrolic pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites and analogues
    • DOI 10.1016/0304-3835(82)90109-4
    • Mattocks, A.R.; Cabral, J.R. Carcinogenicity of some pyrrolic pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites and analogues. Cancer Lett., 1982, 17, 61-66. (Pubitemid 13197835)
    • (1982) Cancer Letters , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-66
    • Mattocks, A.R.1    Cabral, J.R.P.2
  • 41
    • 0020425019 scopus 로고
    • A new pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolite, 19-hydroxysenecionine isolated from mouse hepatic microsomes in vitro
    • Eastman, D.F.; Segall, H.J. A new pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolite, 19-hydroxysenecionine isolated from mouse hepatic microsomes in vitro. Drug Metab. Dispos., 1982, 10, 696-699. (Pubitemid 13223709)
    • (1982) Drug Metabolism and Disposition , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 696-699
    • Eastman, D.F.1    Segall, H.J.2
  • 43
    • 0027406347 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the potential of riddelliine to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis, S-phase synthesis, or micronuclei following in vivo treatment with multiple doses
    • Mirsalis, J.C.; Steinmetz, K.L.; Blazak, W.F.; Spalding, J.W. Evaluation of the potential of riddelliine to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis, S-phase synthesis, or micronuclei following in vivo treatment with multiple doses. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 1993, 21, 265-271. (Pubitemid 23116658)
    • (1993) Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-271
    • Mirsalis, J.C.1    Steinmetz, K.L.2    Blazak, W.F.3    Spalding, J.W.4
  • 45
    • 0025091492 scopus 로고
    • The in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus test: Measurement at steady state increases assay efficiency and permits integration with toxicity studies
    • DOI 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90255-I
    • MacGregor, J.T.; Wehr, C.M.; Henika, P.R.; Shelby, M.D. The in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus test: measurement at steady state increases assay efficiency and permits integration with toxicity studies. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 1990, 14, 513-522. (Pubitemid 20273789)
    • (1990) Fundamental and Applied Toxicology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 513-522
    • MacGregor, J.T.1    Wehr, C.M.2    Henika, P.R.3    Shelby, M.D.4
  • 46
    • 0028837721 scopus 로고
    • Pyrrolizidine alkaloidinduced DNA-protein cross-links
    • Kim, H.Y.; Stermitz, F.R.; Coulombe, R.A. Pyrrolizidine alkaloidinduced DNA-protein cross-links. Carcinogenesis, 1995, 16, 2691-2697.
    • (1995) Carcinogenesis , vol.16 , pp. 2691-2697
    • Kim, H.Y.1    Stermitz, F.R.2    Coulombe, R.A.3
  • 47
    • 0032874701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative DNA cross-linking by activated pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • DOI 10.1016/S0278-6915(99)00025-3, PII S0278691599000253
    • Kim, H.Y.; Stermitz, F.R.; Li, J.K.; Coulombe, R.A. Comparative DNA cross-linking by activated pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Food Chem. Toxicol., 1999, 37, 619-625. (Pubitemid 29438562)
    • (1999) Food and Chemical Toxicology , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 619-625
    • Kim, H.-Y.1    Stermitz, F.R.2    Li, J.K.-K.3    Coulombe Jr., R.A.4
  • 48
    • 0022965948 scopus 로고
    • Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of selected pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a possible alkenal metabolite of the alkaloids, and related alkenals
    • DOI 10.1016/0041-008X(86)90053-0
    • Griffin, D.S.; Segall, H.J. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of selected pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a possible alkenal metabolite of the alkaloids, and related alkenals. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1986, 86, 227-234. (Pubitemid 17190055)
    • (1986) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , vol.86 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-234
    • Griffin, D.S.1    Segall, H.J.2
  • 49
    • 0022908011 scopus 로고
    • Genotoxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine in rats
    • DOI 10.1016/0378-4274(86)90119-0
    • Petry, T.W.; Bowden, G.T.; Buhler, D.R.; Sipes, I.G.; Sipes, K.G. Genotoxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine in rats. Toxicol. Lett., 1986, 32, 275-281. (Pubitemid 16001208)
    • (1986) Toxicology Letters , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-281
    • Petry, T.W.1    Bowden, G.T.2    Buhler, D.R.3    Sipes, K.G.4
  • 52
    • 0027981421 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and carcinogenicity of riddelliine following 13 weeks of treatment to rats and mice
    • DOI 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90368-9
    • Chan, P.C.; Mahler, J.; Bucher, J.R.; Travlos, G.S.; Reid, J.B. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of riddelliine following 13 weeks of treatment to rats and mice. Toxicon, 1994, 32, 891-908. (Pubitemid 24248616)
    • (1994) Toxicon , vol.32 , Issue.8 , pp. 891-908
    • Chan, P.C.1    Mahler, J.2    Bucher, J.R.3    Travlos, G.S.4    Reid, J.B.5
  • 53
    • 0041632143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and carcinogenicity of riddelliine in rats and mice
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00240-6
    • Chan, P.C.; Haseman, J.K.; Prejean, J.D.; Nyska, A. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of riddelliine in rats and mice. Toxicol. Lett., 2003, 144, 295-311. (Pubitemid 36966714)
    • (2003) Toxicology Letters , vol.144 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-311
    • Chan, P.C.1    Haseman, J.K.2    Prejean, J.D.3    Nyska, A.4
  • 54
    • 0021071658 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenic activity of Farfugium japonicum and Senecio cannabifolius
    • Hirono, I.; Ueno, I.; Aiso, S.; Yamaji, T.; Haga, M. Carcinogenic activity of Farfugium japonicum and Senecio cannabifolius. Cancer Lett., 1983, 20, 191-198. (Pubitemid 14248389)
    • (1983) Cancer Letters , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 191-198
    • Hirono, I.1    Ueno, I.2    Aiso, S.3
  • 55
    • 5644272717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential mutagenicity of riddelliine in liver endothelial and parenchymal cells of transgenic big blue rats
    • DOI 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.06.013, PII S0304383504004240
    • Mei, N.; Chou, M.W.; Fu, P.P.; Heflich, R.H.; Chen, T. Differential mutagenicity of riddelliine in liver endothelial and parenchymal cells of transgenic big blue rats. Cancer Lett., 2004, 215, 151-158. (Pubitemid 39370032)
    • (2004) Cancer Letters , vol.215 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-158
    • Mei, N.1    Chou, M.W.2    Fu, P.P.3    Heflich, R.H.4    Chen, T.5
  • 56
    • 3042768117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations induced by the carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid riddelliine in the liver cII gene of transgenic big blue rats
    • DOI 10.1021/tx049955b
    • Mei, N.; Heflich, R.H.; Chou, M.W.; Chen, T. Mutations induced by the carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid riddelliine in the liver cII gene of transgenic big blue rats. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2004, 17, 814-818. (Pubitemid 38856342)
    • (2004) Chemical Research in Toxicology , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 814-818
    • Mei, N.1    Heflich, R.H.2    Chou, M.W.3    Chen, T.4
  • 57
    • 16244421977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutagenicity of comfrey (Symphytum Officinale) in rat liver
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602420
    • Mei, N.; Guo, L.; Fu, P.P.; Heflich, R.H.; Chen, T. Mutagenicity of comfrey (Symphytum Officinale) in rat liver. Br. J. Cancer, 2005, 92, 873-875. (Pubitemid 40462632)
    • (2005) British Journal of Cancer , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 873-875
    • Mei, N.1    Guo, L.2    Fu, P.P.3    Heflich, R.H.4    Chen, T.5
  • 58
    • 0018381222 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenicity of alkaloids in the Salmonella/microsome system
    • Wehner, F.C.; Thiel, P.G.; van Rensburg, S.J. Mutagenicity of alkaloids in the Salmonella/microsome system. Mutat. Res., 1979, 66, 187-190. (Pubitemid 9108681)
    • (1979) Mutation Research , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-190
    • Wehner, F.C.1    Thiel, P.G.2    Van Rensburg, S.J.3
  • 59
    • 0018667601 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the salmonella/mammalian- microsome test
    • Yamanaka, H.; Nagao, M.; Sugimura, T.; Furuya, T.; Shirai, A.; Matsushima, T. Mutagenicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Salmonella/mammalian- microsome test. Mutat. Res., 1979, 68, 211-216. (Pubitemid 10225292)
    • (1979) Mutation Research , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-216
    • Yamanaka, H.1    Nagao, M.2    Sugimura, T.3
  • 60
    • 0023704076 scopus 로고
    • Salmonella mutagenicity tests: IV. Results from the testing of 300 chemicals
    • Zeiger, E.; Anderson, B.; Haworth, S.; Lawlor, T.; Mortelmans, K. Salmonella mutagenicity tests: IV. Results from the testing of 300 chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 1988, 11(Suppl 12), 1-157.
    • (1988) Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , vol.11 SUPPL 12 , pp. 1-157
    • Zeiger, E.1    Anderson, B.2    Haworth, S.3    Lawlor, T.4    Mortelmans, K.5
  • 61
    • 0026543858 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome system
    • Rubiolo, P.; Pieters, L.; Calomme, M.; Bicchi, C.; Vlietinck, A.; Vanden Berghe, D. Mutagenicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome system. Mutat. Res., 1992, 281, 143-147.
    • (1992) Mutat. Res. , vol.281 , pp. 143-147
    • Rubiolo, P.1    Pieters, L.2    Calomme, M.3    Bicchi, C.4    Vlietinck, A.5    Vanden Berghe, D.6
  • 62
    • 84963557049 scopus 로고
    • National Toxicology Program (NTP), NIH Publication. 78-839, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
    • National Toxicology Program (NTP). TR-39 Bioassay of Lasiocarpine for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 303-34-4), NIH Publication No. 78-839, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1978.
    • (1978) TR-39 Bioassay of Lasiocarpine for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 303-34-4
  • 63
    • 77949367878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Toxicology Program (NTP), NIH Publication No. 03 4442, U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
    • National Toxicology Program (NTP). TR-508 Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Riddelliine (CAS No. 23246-96-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (GaVage Studies), NIH Publication No. 03-4442, U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2003
    • (2003) TR-508 Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Riddelliine (CAS No. 23246-96-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (GaVage Studies
  • 64
    • 80053472364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Register. 2008, 73, 23463.
    • (2008) Federal Register , vol.73 , pp. 23463
  • 65
    • 12444344289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of riddelliine in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
    • NTP TR 508
    • Chan, P.C. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of riddelliine in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. In: NTP Technical Report (CAS No. 23246-96-0). NTP TR 508, 2001.
    • (2001) NTP Technical Report (CAS No. 23246-96-0
    • Chan, P.C.1
  • 66
    • 0028142608 scopus 로고
    • The effect of spironolactone treatment on the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine by hepatic microsomes from rats and guinea pigs
    • DOI 10.1006/taap.1994.1167
    • Chung, W.G.; Buhler, D.R. The effect of spironolactone treatment on the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine by hepatic microsomes from rats and guinea pigs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1994, 127, 314-319. (Pubitemid 24263721)
    • (1994) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , vol.127 , Issue.2 , pp. 314-319
    • Chung, W.-G.1    Buhler, D.R.2
  • 67
    • 0028786031 scopus 로고
    • A cytochrome P4502B form is the major bioactivation enzyme for the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in guinea pig
    • Chung, W.G.; Miranda, C.L.; Buhler, D.R. A cytochrome P4502B form is the major bioactivation enzyme for the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in guinea pig. Xenobiotica, 1995, 25, 929-939.
    • (1995) Xenobiotica , vol.25 , pp. 929-939
    • Chung, W.G.1    Miranda, C.L.2    Buhler, D.R.3
  • 70
    • 0021795092 scopus 로고
    • Configuration of necine pyrroles. Toxic metabolites of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • DOI 10.1016/0378-4274(85)90070-0
    • Kedzierski, B.; Buhler, D.R. Configuration of necine pyrroles- toxic metabolites of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Toxicol. Lett., 1985, 25, 115-119. (Pubitemid 15068450)
    • (1985) Toxicology Letters , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-119
    • Kedzierski, B.1    Buhler, D.R.2
  • 71
    • 0022621095 scopus 로고
    • The formation of 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine, a metabolite of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • DOI 10.1016/0009-2797(86)90039-6
    • Kedzierski, B.; Buhler, D.R. The formation of 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1- hydroxy-methyl-5H-pyrrolizine, a metabolite of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Chem. Biol. Interact. 1986, 57, 217-222. (Pubitemid 16168272)
    • (1986) Chemico-Biological Interactions , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-222
    • Kedzierski, B.1    Buhler, D.R.2
  • 72
    • 0025925076 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of [14C]monocrotaline by isolated perfused rat liver
    • Lame, M.W.; Jones, A.D.; Morin, D.; Segall, H.J. Metabolism of [14C]monocrotaline by isolated perfused rat liver. Drug Metab. Dispos., 1991, 19, 516-524.
    • (1991) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.19 , pp. 516-524
    • Lame, M.W.1    Jones, A.D.2    Morin, D.3    Segall, H.J.4
  • 73
    • 0031913915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsomal formation of a pyrrolic alcohol glutathione conjugate of clivorine: Firm evidence for the formation of a pyrrolic metabolite of an otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid
    • Lin, G.; Cui, Y.Y.; Hawes, E.M. Microsomal formation of a pyrrolic alcohol glutathione conjugate of clivorine. Firm evidence for the formation of a pyrrolic metabolite of an otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Drug Metab. Dispos., 1998, 26, 181-184. (Pubitemid 28104087)
    • (1998) Drug Metabolism and Disposition , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-184
    • Lin, G.1    Cui, Y.-Y.2    Hawes, E.M.3
  • 74
    • 0031764999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids by on-line high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with an electrospray interface
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19981030)12:20<1445::AID-RCM356>3.0. CO;2-G
    • Lin, G.; Zhou, K.Y.; Zhao, X.G.; Wang, Z.T.; But, P.P. Determination of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids by on-line high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with an electrospray interface. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1998, 12, 1445-1456. (Pubitemid 28485969)
    • (1998) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.12 , Issue.20 , pp. 1445-1456
    • Lin, G.1    Zhou, K.-Y.2    Zhao, X.-G.3    Wang, Z.-T.4    But, P.P.H.5
  • 75
    • 0033669269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of rat liver microsomal metabolites of clivorine, an hepatotoxic otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid
    • Lin, G.; Cui, Y.Y.; Hawes, E.M. Characterization of rat liver microsomal metabolites of clivorine, an hepatotoxic otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Drug Metab. Dispos., 2000, 28, 1475-1483.
    • (2000) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.28 , pp. 1475-1483
    • Lin, G.1    Cui, Y.Y.2    Hawes, E.M.3
  • 76
    • 0036851873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species differences in the in vitro metabolic activation of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine
    • DOI 10.1021/tx0255370
    • Lin, G.; Cui, Y.Y.; Liu, X.Q.; Wang, Z.T. Species differences in the in vitro metabolic activation of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2002, 15, 1421-1428. (Pubitemid 35364904)
    • (2002) Chemical Research in Toxicology , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 1421-1428
    • Lin, G.1    Cui, Y.-Y.2    Liu, X.-Q.3    Wang, Z.-T.4
  • 77
    • 0015131630 scopus 로고
    • The conversion of pyrrolizidine alkaloids to N-oxides and to dihydropyrrolizine derivatives by rat-liver microsomes in vitro
    • Mattocks, A.R.; White, I.N. The conversion of pyrrolizidine alkaloids to N-oxides and to dihydropyrrolizine derivatives by rat-liver microsomes in vitro. Chem. Biol. Interact., 1971, 3, 383-396.
    • (1971) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.3 , pp. 383-396
    • Mattocks, A.R.1    White, I.N.2
  • 78
    • 0025908449 scopus 로고
    • Role of cytochrome P450IIIA4 in the metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in human liver
    • Miranda, C.L.; Reed, R.L.; Guengerich, F.P.; Buhler, D.R. Role of cytochrome P450IIIA4 in the metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in human liver. Carcinogenesis, 1991, 12, 515-519.
    • (1991) Carcinogenesis , vol.12 , pp. 515-519
    • Miranda, C.L.1    Reed, R.L.2    Guengerich, F.P.3    Buhler, D.R.4
  • 80
    • 0024311783 scopus 로고
    • The role of flavin-containing monooxygenase in the N-oxidation of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine
    • Williams, D.E.; Reed, R.L.; Kedzierski, B.; Ziegler, D.M.; Buhler, D.R. The role of flavin-containing monooxygenase in the Noxidation of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine. Drug Metab. Dispos., 1989, 17, 380-386. (Pubitemid 19206578)
    • (1989) Drug Metabolism and Disposition , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 380-386
    • Williams, D.E.1    Reed, R.L.2    Kedzierski, B.3    Ziegler, D.M.4    Buhler, D.R.5
  • 82
    • 0035148628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 32p-postlabeling/HPLC method for detection of dehydroretronecine-derived DNA adducts in vivo and in vitro
    • DOI 10.1021/tx000149o
    • Yang, Y.; Yan, J.; Churchwell, M.; Beger, R.; Chan, P.; Doerge, D.R.; Fu, P.P.; Chou, M.W. Development of a (32)Ppostlabeling/HPLC method for detection of dehydroretronecinederived DNA adducts in vivo and in vitro. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2001, 14, 91-100. (Pubitemid 32064379)
    • (2001) Chemical Research in Toxicology , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-100
    • Yang, Y.-C.1    Yan, J.2    Churchwell, M.3    Beger, R.4    Chan, P.-C.5    Doerge, D.R.6    Fu, P.P.7    Chou, M.W.8
  • 83
    • 0035148592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, riddelliine, leading to DNA adduct formation in vivo
    • DOI 10.1021/tx000150n
    • Yang, Y.C.; Yan, J.; Doerge, D.R.; Chan, P.C.; Fu, P.P.; Chou, M.W. Metabolic activation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, riddelliine, leading to DNA adduct formation in vivo. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2001, 14, 101-109. (Pubitemid 32064380)
    • (2001) Chemical Research in Toxicology , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-109
    • Yang, Y.-C.1    Yan, J.2    Doerge, D.R.3    Chan, P.-C.4    Fu, P.P.5    Chou, H.W.6
  • 84
    • 0028801398 scopus 로고
    • Major factors for the susceptibility of guinea pig to the pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine
    • Chung, W.G.; Buhler, D.R. Major factors for the susceptibility of guinea pig to the pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine. Drug Metab. Dispos., 1995, 23, 1263-1267.
    • (1995) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.23 , pp. 1263-1267
    • Chung, W.G.1    Buhler, D.R.2
  • 85
    • 0022438245 scopus 로고
    • Biological reactive intermediates of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • Buhler, D.R.; Kedzierski, B. Biological reactive intermediates of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1986, 197, 611-620.
    • (1986) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.197 , pp. 611-620
    • Buhler, D.R.1    Kedzierski, B.2
  • 86
    • 0019794826 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids senecionine, retrorsine and seneciphylline on aminopyrine N-demethylase activity of the rat liver S-10 fraction
    • DOI 10.1016/0378-4274(81)90104-1
    • Eastman, D.F.; Segall, H.J. Effects of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids senecionine, retrorsine and seneciphylline on aminopyrine Ndemethylase activity on the rat liver S- 10 fraction. Toxicol. Lett., 1981, 8, 217-222. (Pubitemid 11033338)
    • (1981) Toxicology Letters , vol.8 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 217-222
    • Eastman, D.F.1    Segall, H.J.2
  • 87
    • 0021673532 scopus 로고
    • Influences of various xenobiotic inducers on cytocidal toxicity of lasiocarpine and senecionine in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes
    • Hayes, M.A.; Roberts, E.; Jago, M.V.; Safe, S.H.; Farber, E.; Cameron, R.C. Influences of various xenobiotic inducers on cytocidal toxicity of lasiocarpine and senecionine in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 1984, 14, 683-694. (Pubitemid 15170051)
    • (1984) Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health , vol.14 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 683-694
    • Hayes, M.A.1    Roberts, E.2    Jago, M.V.3
  • 88
    • 0037636041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in microsomal metabolic activation of hepatotoxic clivorine in rat
    • Lin, G.; Cui, Y.Y.; Liu, X.Q. Gender differences in microsomal metabolic activation of hepatotoxic clivorine in rat. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2003, 16, 768-774. (Pubitemid 36736608)
    • (2003) Chemical Research in Toxicology , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 768-774
    • Lin, G.1    Cui, Y.-Y.2    Liu, X.-Q.3
  • 89
    • 34047168722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deacetylclivorine: A gender-selective metabolite of clivorine formed in female Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes
    • DOI 10.1124/dmd.106.014100
    • Lin, G.; Tang, J.; Liu, X.Q.; Jiang, Y.; Zheng, J. Deacetylclivorine: a gender-selective metabolite of clivorine formed in female Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes. Drug Metab. Dispos., 2007, 35, 607-613. (Pubitemid 46513264)
    • (2007) Drug Metabolism and Disposition , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 607-613
    • Lin, G.1    Tang, J.2    Xiao, Q.L.3    Jiang, Y.4    Zheng, J.5
  • 90
    • 0033521204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductive activation of a hydroxylamine hemiacetal derivative of dehydromonocrotaline: The first reductively activated pyrrolizidine alkaloid capable of crosslinking DNA
    • Tepe, J.J.; Williams, R.M. Reductive activation of a hydroxylamine hemiacetal derivative of dehydromonocrotaline: the first reductively activated pyrrolizidine alkaloid capable of crosslinking DNA. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1999, 38, 3501-3503.
    • (1999) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. , vol.38 , pp. 3501-3503
    • Tepe, J.J.1    Williams, R.M.2
  • 91
    • 1642417496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human CYP3A4 mediation of the formation of the hepatotoxic metabolites of clivorine
    • Lin, G.; Liu, X. Q.; Cui, Y. Human CYP3A4 mediation of the formation of the hepatotoxic metabolites of clivorine. Drug Metab. Rev., 2001, 33 (suppl.1), 96.
    • (2001) Drug Metab. Rev. , vol.33 SUPPL.1 , pp. 96
    • Lin, G.1    Liu, X.Q.2    Cui, Y.3
  • 92
    • 0037253576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human liver microsomal metabolism and DNA adduct formation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, riddelliine
    • DOI 10.1021/tx025605i
    • Xia, Q.; Chou, M.W.; Kadlubar, F.F.; Chan, P.C.; Fu, P.P. Human liver microsomal metabolism and DNA adduct formation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, riddelliine. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2003, 16, 66-73. (Pubitemid 36139412)
    • (2003) Chemical Research in Toxicology , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-73
    • Xia, Q.1    Chou, M.W.2    Kadlubar, F.F.3    Chan, P.-C.4    Fu, P.P.5
  • 93
  • 95
    • 0141625018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of DNA adducts derived from riddelliine, a carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid
    • DOI 10.1021/tx030018y
    • Chou, M.W.; Jian, Y.; Williams, L.D.; Xia, Q.; Churchwell, M.; Doerge, D.R.; Fu, P.P. Identification of DNA adducts derived from riddelliine, a carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2003, 16, 1130-1137. (Pubitemid 37163219)
    • (2003) Chemical Research in Toxicology , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 1130-1137
    • Chou, M.W.1    Jian, Y.2    Williams, L.D.3    Xia, Q.4    Churchwell, M.5    Doerge, D.R.6    Fu, P.P.7
  • 96
    • 0142216466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riddelliine N-oxide is a phytochemical and mammalian metabolite with genotoxic activity that is comparable to the parent pyrrolizidine alkaloid riddelliine
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00293-5
    • Chou, M.W.; Wang, Y.P.; Yan, J.; Yang, Y.C.; Beger, R.D.; Williams, L.D.; Doerge, D.R.; Fu, P.P. Riddelliine N-oxide is a phytochemical and mammalian metabolite with genotoxic activity that is comparable to the parent pyrrolizidine alkaloid riddelliine. Toxicol. Lett., 2003, 145, 239-247. (Pubitemid 37324609)
    • (2003) Toxicology Letters , vol.145 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-247
    • Chou, M.W.1    Wang, Y.-P.2    Yan, J.3    Yang, Y.-C.4    Beger, R.D.5    Williams, L.D.6    Doerge, D.R.7    Fu, P.P.8
  • 97
    • 0037466375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 mice
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3835(03)00045-4
    • Chou, M.W.; Yan, J.; Nichols, J.; Xia, Q.; Beland, F.A.; Chan, P.C.; Fu, P.P. Correlation of DNA adduct formation and riddelliine-induced liver tumorigenesis in F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice. Cancer Lett., 2003, 193, 119-125. (Pubitemid 36428892)
    • (2003) Cancer Letters , vol.193 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-125
    • Chou, M.W.1    Yan, J.2    Nichols, J.3    Xia, Q.4    Beland, F.A.5    Chan, P.-C.6    Fu, P.P.7
  • 98
    • 0014816581 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic conversion of heliotridine-based pyrrolizidine alkaloids to dehydroheliotridine
    • Jago, M.V.; Edgar, J.A.; Smith, L.W.; Culvenor, C.C. Metabolic conversion of heliotridine-based pyrrolizidine alkaloids to dehydroheliotridine. Mol. Pharmacol., 1970, 6, 402-406.
    • (1970) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.6 , pp. 402-406
    • Jago, M.V.1    Edgar, J.A.2    Smith, L.W.3    Culvenor, C.C.4
  • 99
    • 0019472765 scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of butylated hydroxyanisole against the acute toxicity of monocrotaline in mice
    • DOI 10.1016/0041-008X(81)90294-5
    • Miranda, C.L.; Reed, R.L.; Cheeke, P.R.; Buhler, D.R. Protective effects of butylated hydroxyanisole against the acute toxicity of monocrotaline in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1981, 59, 424-430. (Pubitemid 11034082)
    • (1981) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 424-430
    • Miranda, C.L.1    Reed, R.L.2    Cheeke, P.R.3    Buhler, D.R.4
  • 100
    • 0022410523 scopus 로고
    • Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal: A reactive metabolite from the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine
    • Segall, H.J.; Wilson, D.W.; Dallas, J.L.; Haddon, W.F. trans-4- Hydroxy-2-hexenal: a reactive metabolite from the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine. Science, 1985, 229, 472-475. (Pubitemid 16245294)
    • (1985) Science , vol.229 , Issue.4712 , pp. 472-475
    • Segall, H.J.1    Wilson, D.W.2    Dallas, J.L.3    Haddon, W.F.4
  • 101
    • 75749083732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants of Mongolia, Nepal and Tibet
    • Roeder, E.; Wiedenfeld, H. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants of Mongolia, Nepal and Tibet. Pharmazie, 2009, 64, 699-716.
    • (2009) Pharmazie , vol.64 , pp. 699-716
    • Roeder, E.1    Wiedenfeld, H.2
  • 102
    • 0037041903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honey from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: A potential threat to health
    • DOI 10.1021/jf0114482
    • Edgar, J.A.; Roeder, E.; Molyneux, R.J. Honey from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: a potential threat to health. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 2719-2730. (Pubitemid 34493576)
    • (2002) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , vol.50 , Issue.10 , pp. 2719-2730
    • Edgar, J.A.1    Roeder, E.2    Molyneux, R.J.3
  • 103
    • 0020003087 scopus 로고
    • 2 in deoxyguanosine by dehydroretronecine, a carcinogenic metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline
    • Robertson, K.A. Alkylation of N2 in deoxyguanosine by dehydroretronecine, a carcinogenic metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline. Cancer Res., 1982, 42, 8-14. (Pubitemid 12207238)
    • (1982) Cancer Research , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-14
    • Robertson, K.A.1
  • 104
    • 0033938762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of two structural forms of otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Ligularia hodgsonii by NMR spectroscopy
    • DOI 10.1021/np9906119
    • Lin, G.; Rose, P.; Chatson, K.B.; Hawes, E.M.; Zhao, X.G.; Wang, Z.T. Characterization of two structural forms of otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Ligularia hodgsonii by NMR spectroscopy. J. Nat. Prod., 2000, 63, 857-860. (Pubitemid 30452192)
    • (2000) Journal of Natural Products , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 857-860
    • Lin, G.1    Rose, P.2    Chatson, K.B.3    Hawes, E.M.4    Zhao, X.G.5    Wang, Z.T.6
  • 105
    • 0017123169 scopus 로고
    • The role of liver glutathione in the acute toxicity of retrorsine to rats
    • White, I.N. The role of liver glutathione in the acute toxicity of retrorsine to rats. Chem. Biol. Interact., 1976, 13, 333-342.
    • (1976) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.13 , pp. 333-342
    • White, I.N.1
  • 106
    • 0029046258 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, monocrotaline and trichodesmine, on tissue pyrrole binding and glutathione metabolism in the rat
    • Yan, C.C.; Huxtable, R.J. The effect of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, monocrotaline and trichodesmine, on tissue pyrrole binding and glutathione metabolism in the rat. Toxicon, 1995, 33, 627-634.
    • (1995) Toxicon , vol.33 , pp. 627-634
    • Yan, C.C.1    Huxtable, R.J.2
  • 107
    • 0028840168 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between glutathione concentration and metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline, in the isolated, perfused liver
    • Yan, C.C.; Huxtable, R.J. Relationship between glutathione concentration and metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline, in the isolated, perfused liver. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1995, 130, 132-139.
    • (1995) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.130 , pp. 132-139
    • Yan, C.C.1    Huxtable, R.J.2
  • 109
    • 0020416937 scopus 로고
    • Hydrolysis and hepatotoxicity of retronecine diesters
    • DOI 10.1016/0378-4274(82)90017-0
    • Mattocks, A.R. Hydrolysis and hepatotoxicity of retronecine diesters. Toxicol. Lett., 1982, 14, 111-116. (Pubitemid 13255375)
    • (1982) Toxicology Letters , vol.14 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 111-116
    • Mattocks, A.R.1
  • 110
    • 0015607874 scopus 로고
    • The conversion of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine to pyrrolic derivatives in vivo and in vitro and its acute toxicity to various animal species
    • White, I.N.; Mattocks, A.R.; Butler, W.H. The conversion of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine to pyrrolic derivatives in vivo and in vitro and its acute toxicity to various animal species. Chem. Biol. Interact., 1973, 6, 207-218.
    • (1973) Chem. Biol. Interact. , vol.6 , pp. 207-218
    • White, I.N.1    Mattocks, A.R.2    Butler, W.H.3
  • 111
    • 2442694125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from a representative otonecine type pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine and the extract of Ligularia hodgsonnii hook
    • DOI 10.1021/tx030030q
    • Xia, Q.; Chou, M.W.; Lin, G.; Fu, P.P. Metabolic formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from a representative otonecine type pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine and the extract of Ligularia hodgsonnii hook. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2004, 17, 702-708. (Pubitemid 38669528)
    • (2004) Chemical Research in Toxicology , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 702-708
    • Xia, Q.1    Chou, M.W.2    Lin, G.3    Fu, P.P.4
  • 112
    • 28844480954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from metabolic activation of the prototype heliotridine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid, lasiocarpine
    • DOI 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.01.023, PII S0304383505000947
    • Xia, Q.; Chou, M.W.; Edgar, J.A.; Doerge, D.R.; Fu, P.P. Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from metabolic activation of the prototype heliotridine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid, lasiocarpine. Cancer Lett., 2006, 231, 138-145. (Pubitemid 41779462)
    • (2006) Cancer Letters , vol.231 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-145
    • Xia, Q.1    Chou, M.W.2    Edgar, J.A.3    Doerge, D.R.4    Fu, P.P.5
  • 113
    • 42649106804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from metabolic activation of heliotrine
    • Xia, Q.; Yan, J.; Chou, M.W.; Fu, P.P. Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from metabolic activation of heliotrine, Toxicol. Lett., 2008, 178, 77-82.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.178 , pp. 77-82
    • Xia, Q.1    Yan, J.2    Chou, M.W.3    Fu, P.P.4
  • 114
    • 22044438516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, retrorsine, leading to DNA adduct formation in vivo
    • Wang, Y.P.; Fu, P.P.; Chou, M.W. Metabolic activation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, retrorsine, leading to DNA adduct formation in vivo. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2005, 2, 74-79. (Pubitemid 40965102)
    • (2005) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-79
    • Wang, Y.-P.1    Fu, P.P.2    Chou, M.W.3
  • 115
    • 21744446236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline, leading to DNA adduct formation in vivo
    • DOI 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.039, PII S0304383504009334
    • Wang, Y.P.; Yan, J.; Beger, R.D.; Fu, P.P.; Chou, M.W. Metabolic activation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline, leading to DNA adduct formation in vivo. Cancer Lett., 2005, 226, 27-35. (Pubitemid 40943427)
    • (2005) Cancer Letters , vol.226 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-35
    • Wang, Y.-P.1    Yan, J.2    Beger, R.D.3    Fu, P.P.4    Chou, M.W.5
  • 116
    • 59649109236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of retronecine and retronecine N-oxide - Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts
    • Yan, J.; Xia, Q.; Fu, P.P.; Chou, M.W. Metabolic activation of retronecine and retronecine N-oxide - formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts, Toxicol. Ind. Health, 2008, 24, 181-188.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Ind. Health , vol.24 , pp. 181-188
    • Yan, J.1    Xia, Q.2    Fu, P.P.3    Chou, M.W.4
  • 117
    • 11844304365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human liver microsomal reduction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides to form the corresponding carcinogenic parent alkaloid
    • DOI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.010, PII S0378427404005260
    • Wang, Y.P.; Yan, J.; Fu, P.P.; Chou, M.W. Human liver microsomal reduction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxide to form the corresponding carcinogenic parent alkaloid. Toxicol. Lett., 2005, 155, 411-420. (Pubitemid 40093004)
    • (2005) Toxicology Letters , vol.155 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-420
    • Wang, Y.-P.1    Yan, J.2    Fu, P.P.3    Chou, M.W.4
  • 118
    • 0036842376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comfrey toxicity revisited
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02106-5, PII S0165614702021065
    • Rode, D. Comfrey toxicity revisited. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2002, 23, 497-499. (Pubitemid 35292364)
    • (2002) Trends in Pharmacological Sciences , vol.23 , Issue.11 , pp. 497-499
    • Rode, D.1
  • 120
    • 0021932534 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic venocclusive disease associated with the consumption of pyrrolizidine-containing dietary supplements
    • Ridker, P.M.; Ohkuma, S.; McDermott, W.V.; Trey, C.; Huxtable, R.J. Hepatic venocclusive disease associated with the consumption of pyrrolizidine-containing dietary supplements. Gastroenterol., 1985, 88,1050-1054. (Pubitemid 15105901)
    • (1985) Gastroenterology , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 1050-1054
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Ohkuma, S.2    McDermott, W.V.3
  • 121
    • 0024580560 scopus 로고
    • Comfrey herb tea and hepatic veno-occlusive disease
    • Ridker, P.M.; McDermott, W.V. Comfrey herb tea and hepatic veno occlusive disease. Lancet, 1989, 8639, 657-658. (Pubitemid 19078796)
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8639 , pp. 657-658
    • Ridker, P.M.1    McDermott, W.V.2
  • 122
    • 0007633983 scopus 로고
    • Veno-occlusive disease of the liver secondary to ingestion of comfrey
    • Weston, C.F.; Cooper, B.T.; Davies, J.D.; Levine, D.F. Venoocclusive disease of the liver secondary to ingestion of comfrey. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 1987, 295, 183. (Pubitemid 17101024)
    • (1987) British Medical Journal , vol.295 , Issue.6591 , pp. 183
    • Weston, C.F.M.1    Cooper, B.T.2    Davies, J.D.3    Levine, D.F.4
  • 123
    • 39749202897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of five hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Herba Senecionis scandentis (Qianliguang)
    • DOI 10.1002/rcm.3398
    • Li, S.L.; Lin, G.; Fu, P.P.; Chan, C.L.; Li, M.; Jiang, Z.H.; Zhao, Z.Z. Identification of five hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Herba Senecionis Scandentis (Qianliguang), Rapid Commun. Mass Spect., 2008, 22, 591-602. (Pubitemid 351300595)
    • (2008) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 591-602
    • Li, S.-L.1    Lin, G.2    Fu, P.P.3    Chan, C.-L.4    Li, M.5    Jiang, Z.-H.6    Zhao, Z.-Z.7
  • 124
    • 70350783909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Qianliquang (Senecio scandends) safety dilemma: Dose is the key?
    • Lin, G.; Li, S.L.; Li, M.; Li, N.; Chan, S.S.K.; Chan, W.Y.; Zhao, Z.Z. Qianliquang (Senecio scandends) safety dilemma: Dose is the key? Planta Med., 2009, 75, 1107-1111.
    • (2009) Planta Med. , vol.75 , pp. 1107-1111
    • Lin, G.1    Li, S.L.2    Li, M.3    Li, N.4    Chan, S.S.K.5    Chan, W.Y.6    Zhao, Z.Z.7
  • 125
    • 34248633358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts in vivo from dietary supplements and Chinese herbal plant extracts containing carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • DOI 10.1177/0748233706071765
    • Chou, M.W.; Fu, P.P. Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts in vivo from dietary supplements and Chinese herbal plant extracts containing carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 2006, 22, 321-327. (Pubitemid 46768766)
    • (2006) Toxicology and Industrial Health , vol.22 , Issue.8 , pp. 321-327
    • Chou, M.W.1    Fu, P.P.2
  • 126
    • 0017409770 scopus 로고
    • Separation and purification of multiple forms of microsomal cytochrome P 450. Activities of different forms of cytochrome P 450 towards several compounds of environmental interest
    • Guengerich, F.P. Separation and purification of multiple forms of microsomal cytochrome P-450. Activities of different forms of cytochrome P-450 towards several compounds of environmental interest. J. Biol. Chem., 1977, 252, 3970-3979. (Pubitemid 8127252)
    • (1977) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.252 , Issue.11 , pp. 3970-3979
    • Guengerich, F.P.1
  • 127
    • 0018823456 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids jacobine and monocrotaline on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in the rat
    • Miranda, C.L.; Cheeke, P.R.; Buhler, D.R. Comparative effects of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids jacobine and monocrotaline on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in the rat. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol., 1980, 29, 573-587. (Pubitemid 10055755)
    • (1980) Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 573-587
    • Miranda, C.L.1    Cheeke, P.R.2    Buhler, D.R.3
  • 128
    • 0020661087 scopus 로고
    • The influence of heliotrin on the rat liver microsomal oxigenase system
    • Savin, I.G.; Bachmanova, G.I.; KaruzinaII, Skotselias, E.D.; Anmonova, G.N.). Influence of heliotrin on the rat liver microsomal oxidation system. Vopr. Med. Khim., 1983, 29, 49-52. (Pubitemid 13153679)
    • (1983) Voprosy Meditsinskoj Khimii , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-52
    • Savin, I.G.1    Bachmanova, G.I.2    Karuzina, I.I.3
  • 129
    • 0022089639 scopus 로고
    • The functional state of hepatocyte cytoplasmic net in heliotrine impairment of rat liver tissue
    • Khakimov, Z.Z. Functional state of the hepatocyte cytoplasmic network in heliotrine injury of the rat liver. Vopr. Med. Khim., 1985, 31, 80-82. (Pubitemid 15044557)
    • (1985) Voprosy Meditsinskoj Khimii , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 80-82
    • Khakimov, Z.Z.1
  • 130
    • 0021735869 scopus 로고
    • Effect of seneciphylline and senecionine on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats
    • DOI 10.1016/0378-8741(84)90056-4
    • Kakrani, H.K.; Kalyani, G.A. Effect of seneciphylline and senecionine on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1984, 12, 271-278. (Pubitemid 15167526)
    • (1984) Journal of Ethnopharmacology , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-278
    • Kakrani, H.K.1    Kalyani, G.A.2
  • 132
    • 0033910614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the livers of rats treated with the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine
    • DOI 10.1006/exmp.2000.2308
    • Gordon, G.J.; Coleman, W.B.; Grisham, J.W. Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the livers of rats treated with the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine. Exp. Mol. Pathol., 2000, 69, 17-26. (Pubitemid 30461237)
    • (2000) Experimental and Molecular Pathology , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-26
    • Gordon, G.J.1    Coleman, W.B.2    Grisham, J.W.3
  • 133
    • 71549138679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • But not monocrotaline, is a mechanism-based inactivator of P450 3A4
    • Dai, J.Y.; Zhang, F.; Zheng, J. Retrorsine, but not monocrotaline, is a mechanism-based inactivator of P450 3A4. Chemico-Biol. Interact., 2010, 183, 49-56.
    • (2010) Chemico-Biol. Interact. , vol.183 , pp. 49-56
    • Dai, J.Y.1    Zhang, F.2    Retrorsine, Z.J.3
  • 134
    • 0030041887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of taurine and guanidinoethane sulfonate on toxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline
    • DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02185-X
    • Yan, C.C.; Huxtable, R.J. Effects of taurine and guanidinoethane sulfonate on toxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1996, 51, 321-329. (Pubitemid 26054439)
    • (1996) Biochemical Pharmacology , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 321-329
    • Yan, C.C.1    Huxtable, R.J.2
  • 135
    • 0030059519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, on glutathione metabolism in the rat
    • DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02189-2
    • Yan, C.C.; Huxtable, R.J. Effects of monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, on glutathione metabolism in the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1996, 51, 375-379. (Pubitemid 26056275)
    • (1996) Biochemical Pharmacology , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 375-379
    • Yan, C.C.1    Huxtable, R.J.2
  • 136
    • 38549138424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression changes induced by the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid riddelliine in liver of Big Blue rats
    • Mei, N.; Guo, L.; Liu, R.; Fuscoe, J.C.; Chen, T. Gene expression changes induced by the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid riddelliine in liver of Big Blue rats. BMC Bioinformatics, 2007, 8(Suppl 7), S4.
    • (2007) BMC Bioinformatics , vol.8 SUPPL 7
    • Mei, N.1    Guo, L.2    Liu, R.3    Fuscoe, J.C.4    Chen, T.5
  • 137
    • 0028272001 scopus 로고
    • Role of human cytochromes P450 in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and toxins
    • Gonzalez, F.J.; Gelboin, H.V. Role of human cytochromes P450 in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and toxins. Drug Metab. Rev., 1994, 26, 165-183. (Pubitemid 24171627)
    • (1994) Drug Metabolism Reviews , vol.26 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 165-183
    • Gonzalez, F.J.1    Gelboin, H.V.2
  • 138
    • 33144459032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome P450 and xenobiotic receptor humanized mice
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.100007
    • Gonzalez, F.J.; Yu, A.M. Cytochrome P450 and xenobiotic receptor humanized mice. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2006, 46, 41-64. (Pubitemid 43271183)
    • (2006) Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology , vol.46 , pp. 41-64
    • Gonzalez, F.J.1    Yu, A.-M.2
  • 140
  • 141
    • 0015430388 scopus 로고
    • Modifications of pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication resulting from altered hepatic microsomal enzymes
    • Allen, J.R.; Chesney, C.F.; Frazee, W.J. Modifications of pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication resulting from altered hepatic microsomal enzymes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1972, 23(3), 470-479.
    • (1972) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 470-479
    • Allen, J.R.1    Chesney, C.F.2    Frazee, W.J.3
  • 142
    • 0032909258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of pretreatment with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid on the retrorsine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
    • DOI 10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00263-3, PII S0041010198002633
    • Lin, G.; Nnane, I.P.; Cheng, T.Y. The effects of pretreatment with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid on the retrorsine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicon, 1999, 37, 1259-1270. (Pubitemid 29236212)
    • (1999) Toxicon , vol.37 , Issue.9 , pp. 1259-1270
    • Lin, G.1    Nnane, I.P.2    Cheng, T.-Y.3
  • 143
    • 0014891493 scopus 로고
    • The toxic actions of pyrrolizidine (senecio) alkaloids
    • McLean, E.K. The toxic actions of pyrrolizidine (senecio) alkaloids. Pharmacol. Rev., 1970, 22, 429-483.
    • (1970) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.22 , pp. 429-483
    • McLean, E.K.1
  • 144
    • 0342278546 scopus 로고
    • Senecionine from Gynura segetum
    • Liang, X.T.; Roeder, E. Senecionine from Gynura segetum. Planta Med., 1984, 51, 362-363.
    • (1984) Planta Med. , vol.51 , pp. 362-363
    • Liang, X.T.1    Roeder, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.