Relationship of ethnicity, age, education, and reading level to speed and executive function among HIV+ and HIV- women: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Neurocognitive Substudy

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

Volumn 33, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 853-863

  Manly, Jennifer J ^a   Smith, Clifford ^b   Crystal, Howard A ^c   Richardson, Jean ^d   Golub, Elizabeth T ^e   Greenblatt, Ruth ^f   Robison, Esther ^g   Martin, Eileen M ^h   Young, Mary ⁱ  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c SUNY Downstate Medical Center   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g MONTEFIORE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS   (United States)

ⁱ GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ethnicity; HIV; Normative study; Psychomotor speed; Race; Reading level

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGING; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE DEFECT; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNOLOGY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; READING; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY;

ADULT; AGING; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; COGNITION DISORDERS; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ETHNIC GROUPS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; READING; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80053466107     PISSN: 13803395     EISSN: 1744411X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2010.547662     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Adams, R. L., Boake, C., & Crain, C. (1982). Bias in a neuropsychological test classification related to age, education and ethnicity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 143-145. (Pubitemid 13108451)
2. Applebaum, A. J., Otto, M. W., Richardson, M. A., & Safren, S. A. (1997). Contributors to neuropsychological impairment in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected opiatedependent patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 32(6), 579-589.
3. Ardila, A., Rosselli, M., & Rosas, P. (1989). Neuropsychological assessment in illiterates: Visuospatial and memory abilities. Brain and Cognition, 11, 147-166.
4. Barkan, S. E., Melnick, S. L., Preston-Martin, S., Weber, K., Kalish, L. A., Miotti, P., et al. (1998). The Women's Interagency HIV Study. WIHS Collaborative Study Group. Epidemiology, 9, 117-125. (Pubitemid 28157608)
5. Becker, J. T., Caldararo, R., Lopez, O. L., Dew,M. A., Dorst, S. K., & Banks, G. (1995). Qualitative features of the memory deficit associated with HIV infection and AIDS: Crossvalidation of a discriminant function classification scheme. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17, 134-142.
6. Bohnstedt, M., Fox, P. J., & Kohatsu, N. D. (1994). Correlates of Mini-Mental Status Examination scores among elderly demented patients: The influence of race-ethnicity. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 47, 1381-1387.
7. Butters, N., Grant, I., Haxby, J., Judd, L. L., Martin, A., McClelland, J., et al. (1990). Assessment of AIDSrelated cognitive changes: Recommendations of the NIMH Workgroup on Neuropsychological Assessment Approaches. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 963-978.
8. Carey, C. L., Woods, S. P., Rippeth, J. D., Gonzalez, R., Moore, D. J.,Marcotte, T. D., et al. (2004). Initial validation of a screening battery for the detection of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18, 234-248. (Pubitemid 39180728)
9. Carlson, M. C., Brandt, J., Carson, K. A., & Kawas, C. H. (1998). Lack of relation between race and cognitive test performance in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 50, 1499-1501. (Pubitemid 28240385)
10. Demakis, G. J., Sawyer, T. P., Fritz, D., & Sweet, J. J. (2001). Incidental recall on WAIS-R digit symbol discriminates Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 387-394. (Pubitemid 32198542)
11. Durvasula, R. S., Miller, E. N., Myers, H. F., & Wyatt, G. E. (2001). Predictors of neuropsychological performance in HIV positive women. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 23, 149-163. (Pubitemid 32511317)
12. Escobar, J. I., Burnam, A., Karno, M., Forsythe, A., Landsverk, J., & Golding, J. M. (1986). Use of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a community population of mixed ethnicity. Cultural and linguistic artifacts. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 607-614. (Pubitemid 16006469)
13. Fillenbaum, G. G., Heyman, A., Huber, M. S., Ganguli, M., & Unverzagt, F. W. (2001). Performance of elderly African American and White community residents on the CERAD Neuropsychological Battery. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 502-509. (Pubitemid 32519958)
14. Fillenbaum, G. G., Hughes, D. C., Heyman, A., George, L. K., & Blazer, D. G. (1988). Relationship of health and demographic characteristics to Mini-Mental State examination score among community residents. Psychological Medicine, 18, 719-726.
15. Grant, I., & Martin, A. (1994). Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders associated with HIV-1 infection. In I. Grant & A. Martin (Eds.), Neuropsychology of HIV infection (pp. 3-19). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
16. Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., Butters, N., White, D. A., Kirson, D., Atkinson, J. H., et al. (1995). The HNRC 500-neuropsychology of HIV infection at different disease stages. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1, 231-251.
17. Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., & Matthews, C. G. (1991). Comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
18. Heaton, R. K., Miller, S. W., Taylor, M. J., & Grant, I. (2004). Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery: Demographically adjusted neuropsychological norms for African American and Caucasian adults. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
19. Heaton, R. K., Taylor, M., & Manly, J. (2001). Demographic effects and demographically corrected norms with the WAIS-III and WMS-III. In D. Tulsky, R. K. Heaton, G. J. Chelune, I. Ivnik, R. A. Bornstein, A. Prifitera, & M. Ledbetter (Eds.), Clinical interpretations of theWAIS-III and WMS-III (pp. 181-210). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
20. Jacobs, D. M., Sano, M., Albert, S., Schofield, P., Dooneief, G., & Stern, Y. (1997). Cross-cultural neuropsychological assessment: A comparison of randomly selected, demographically matched cohorts of English-and Spanish-speaking older adults. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 19, 331-339. (Pubitemid 27316165)
21. Jernigan, T. L., Archibald, S., Hesselink, J. R., Atkinson, J. H., Velin, R. A., McCutchan, J. A., et al. (1993). Magnetic resonance imaging morphometric analysis of cerebral volume loss in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The HNRC Group. Archives of Neurology, 50, 250-255. (Pubitemid 23069608)
22. Joy, S., Fein, D., & Kaplan, E. (2003). Decoding Digit Symbol: Speed, memory, and visual scanning. Assessment, 10, 56-65. (Pubitemid 44534447)
23. Kuller, L. H., Shemanski, L., Manolio, T., Haan, M., Fried, L., Bryan, N., et al. (1998). Relationship between ApoE, MRI findings, and cognitive function in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke, 29, 388-398. (Pubitemid 28086681)
24. Lecours, A. R., Mehler, J., Parente, M. A., Caldeira, A., Cary, L., Castro, M. J., et al. (1987). Illiteracy and brain damage. 1. Aphasia testing in culturally contrasted populations (control subjects). Neuropsychologia, 25, 231-245. (Pubitemid 17049613)
25. Levine, A. J., Hinkin, C. H., Miller, E. N., Becker, J. T., Selnes, O. A., & Cohen, B. A. (2007). The generalizability of neurocognitive test/retest data derived from a nonclinical sample for detecting change among two HIV+ cohorts. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29(6), 669-678. (Pubitemid 47254602)
26. Lucas, J. A., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Ferman, T. J., Willis, F. B., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2005). Mayo's Older African American Normative Studies: Normative data for commonly used clinical neuropsychological measures. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 162-183. (Pubitemid 40805845)
27. Manly, J. J., Byrd, D., Touradji, P., & Stern, Y. (2004). Acculturation, reading level, and neuropsychological test performance among African American elders. Applied Neuropsychology, 11, 37-46. (Pubitemid 39295187)
28. Manly, J. J., Jacobs, D. M., Sano, M., Bell, K., Merchant, C. A., Small, S. A., et al. (1998a). African American acculturation and neuropsychological test performance among nondemented community elders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 77.
29. Manly, J. J., Jacobs, D. M., Sano, M., Bell, K., Merchant, C. A., Small, S. A., et al. (1999). Effect of literacy on neuropsychological test performance in nondemented, education-matched elders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 5, 191-202. (Pubitemid 29201652)
30. Manly, J. J., Jacobs, D. M., Touradji, P., Small, S. A., & Stern, Y. (2002). Reading level attenuates differences in neuropsychological test performance between African American and White elders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 341-348. (Pubitemid 34296093)
31. Manly, J. J., Miller, S. W., Heaton, R. K., Byrd, D., Reilly, J., Velasquez, R. J., et al. (1998b). The effect of African-American acculturation on neuropsychological test performance in normal and HIV positive individuals. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 291-302. (Pubitemid 28339751)
32. Manly, J. J., Touradji, P., Tang, M. X., & Stern, Y. (2003). Literacy and memory decline among ethnically diverse elders. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 5, 680-690. (Pubitemid 36808153)
33. Martin, E. M., Pitrak, D. L., Pursell, K. J., Mullane, K. M., & Novak, R. M. (1995). Delayed recognition memory span in HIV-1 infection. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1, 575-580.
34. Martin, E. M., Sorensen, D. J., Edelstein, H. E., & Robertson, L. C. (1992). Decision-making speed in HIV-1 infection: A preliminary report. AIDS, 6, 109-113.
35. Mast, B. T., Fitzgerald, J., Steinberg, J., MacNeill, S. E., & Lichtenberg, P. A. (2001). Effective screening for Alzheimer's disease among older African Americans. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15, 196-202. (Pubitemid 32783472)
36. Miller, E. N. (1990). California Computerized Assessment Battery (CalCAP) manual. Los Angeles, CA: Norland Software.
37. Miller, S. W., Heaton, R. K., Kirson, D., & Grant, I. (1997). Neuropsychological (NP) assessment of African Americans. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 49.
38. Overall, J. E., & Levin, H. S. (1978). Correcting for cultural factors in evaluating intellectual deficit on theWAIS. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34, 910-915. (Pubitemid 9100311)
39. Ponton, M. O., Satz, P., Herrera, L., Ortiz, F., Urrutia, C. P., Young, R., et al. (1996). Normative data stratified by age and education for the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics (NeSBHIS): Initial report. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2, 96-104. (Pubitemid 126448699)
40. Reitan, R. (1978). Manual for administration of neuropsychological test batteries for adults and children. Tuscon, AZ: Reitan Neuropsychology Laboratories.
41. Richardson, J. L., Nowicki, M., Danley, K., Martin, E. M., Cohen, M. H., Gonzalez, R., et al. (2005). Neuropsychological functioning in a cohort of HIV-and hepatitis C virus-infected women. AIDS, 19(15), 1659-1667. (Pubitemid 41502679)
42. Roberts, R. J., & Hamsher, K. D. (1984). Effects of minority status on facial recognition and naming performance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 539-545. (Pubitemid 14107821)
43. Rohit, M., Levine, A., Hinkin, C., Abramyan, S., Saxton, E., Valdes-Sueiras, M., et al. (2007). Education correction using years in school or reading grade-level equivalent? Comparing the accuracy of two methods in diagnosing HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13(3), 462-470. (Pubitemid 47307486)
44. Ross, T. P., Lichtenberg, P. A., & Christensen, B. K. (1995). Normative data on the Boston Naming Test for elderly adults in a demographically diverse medical sample. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 321-325.
45. Rosselli, M., Ardila, A., & Rosas, P. (1990). Neuropsychological assessment in illiterates. II. Language and praxic abilities. Brain and Cognition, 12, 281-296.
46. Ryan, E. L., Baird, R., Mindt, M. R., Byrd, D., Monzones, J., Bank, S. M., et al. (2005). Neuropsychological impairment in racial/ethnic minorities with HIV infection and low literacy levels: Effects of education and reading level in participant characterization. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11(7), 889-898. (Pubitemid 43379940)
47. Sacktor, N. C., Bacellar, H., Hoover, D. R., Nance-Sproson, T. E., Seines, O. A., Miller, E. N., et al. (1996). Psychomotor slowing in HIV infection: A predictor of dementia, AIDS and death. Journal of Neurovirology, 2(6), 404-410. (Pubitemid 27011093)
48. Sacktor, N., McDermott, M. P., Marder, K., Schifitto, G., Selnes, O. A., McArthur, J. C., et al. (2002). HIVassociated cognitive impairment before and after the advent of combination therapy. Journal of Neurovirology, 8, 136-142. (Pubitemid 34520894)
49. Sacktor, N., Skolasky, R., Selnes, O. A., Watters, M., Poff, P., Shiramizu, B., et al. (2007). Neuropsychological test profile differences between young and old human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals. Journal of Neurovirology, 13(3), 203-209. (Pubitemid 47050646)
50. Salmon, D. P., Riekkinen, P. J., Katzman, R., Zhang, M. Y., Jin, H., & Yu, E. (1989). Cross-cultural studies of dementia. A comparison of mini-mental state examination performance in Finland and China. Archives of Neurology, 46, 769-772. (Pubitemid 19182371)
51. Sclafani, V. D., Mackay, R. D. S., Meyerhoff, D. J., Norman, D., Weiner, M. W., & Fein, G. (1997). Brain atrophy in HIV infection is more strongly associated with CDC clinical stage than with cognitive impairment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3(3), 276-287. (Pubitemid 27220046)
52. Shuttleworth-Jordan, A. B., & Bode, S. G. (1995). Taking account of age-related differences on Digit Symbol and Incidental Recall for diagnostic purposes. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17, 439-448.
53. Smith, A. (1968). The Symbol-Digit Modalities Test: A neuropsychologic test for economic screening of learning and other cerebral disorders. Learning Disorders, 3, 83-91.
54. Stern, R. A., Arruda, J. E., Somerville, J. A., Cohen, R. A., Boland, R. J., Stein, M. D., et al. (1998). Neurobehavioral functioning in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected women. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 172-178. (Pubitemid 28156092)
55. Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
56. Teresi, J. A., Albert, S. M., Holmes, D., & Mayeux, R. (1999). Use of latent class analyses for the estimation of prevalence of cognitive impairment, and signs of stroke and Parkinson's disease among African-American elderly of central Harlem: Results of the Harlem Aging Project. Neuroepidemiology, 18, 309-321. (Pubitemid 29493518)
57. Unverzagt, F. W., Hall, K. S., Torke, A. M., & Rediger, J. D. (1996). Effects of age, education and gender on CERAD neuropsychological test performance in an African American sample. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10, 180-190. (Pubitemid 26173786)
58. Villa, G., Solida, A., Moro, E., Tavolozza, M., Antinori, A., De Luca, A., et al. (1996). Cognitive impairment in asymptomatic stages of HIV infection. A longitudinal study. European Neurology, 36, 125-133.
59. Weiss, B. D., Reed, R., Kligman, E. W., & Abyad, A. (1995). Literacy and performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 43, 807-810.
60. Welsh, K. A., Fillenbaum, G., Wilkinson, W., Heyman, A., Mohs, R. C., Stern, Y., et al. (1995). Neuropsychological test performance in African-American and white patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 45, 2207-2211. (Pubitemid 27100250)
61. Wilkinson, G. S. (1993). Wide Range Achievement Test 3-administration manual. Wilimington, DE: Jastak Associates.