Pharmacologic management of chronic low back pain: Synthesis of the evidence

Spine

Volumn 36, Issue 21 SUPPL., 2011, Pages

  White, Andrew P ^a   Arnold, Paul M ^b   Norvell, Daniel C ^c   Ecker, Erika ^c   Fehlings, Michael G ^d  

^a BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Spectrum Research Inc   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

antidepressants; drugs; heterogeneity of treatment effect; low back pain; nonsteroidal anti infl ammatories; opiates; randomized trials; systematic review

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMFEBUTAMONE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; DESIPRAMINE; DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE; DIFLUNISAL; FLUOXETINE; IMIPRAMINE; INDOMETACIN; MAPROTILINE; MEFENAMIC ACID; MORPHINE; MORPHINE SULFATE; NAPROXEN; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OXYCODONE; PARACETAMOL; PAROXETINE; PHENYLBUTAZONE; PLACEBO; ROFECOXIB; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; TRAMADOL; TRAZODONE; VALDECOXIB;

ANOREXIA; CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN; CONSTIPATION; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY; DIZZINESS; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDUCED HEADACHE; DRUG SAFETY; FATIGUE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; LOW BACK PAIN; NAUSEA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SINUSITIS; SOMNOLENCE; SWEATING; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; VOMITING; XEROSTOMIA;

ANALGESICS, OPIOID; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; CHRONIC PAIN; DISABILITY EVALUATION; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; LOW BACK PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PATIENT SELECTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 80053431274     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: 15281159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822f178f     Document Type: Review

References (33)

1. Andersson GB. Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet 1999; 354 : 581-5. (Pubitemid 29381383)
2. Dagenais S, Caro J, Haldeman S. A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. Spine J 2008; 8 : 8-20. (Pubitemid 350299273)
3. Cherkin DC, Wheeler KJ, Barlow W, et al. Medication use for low back pain in primary care. Spine 1976; 23 : 607-14.
4. Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Non-steroidal antiinfl ammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; CD000396.
5. Deshpande A, Furlan A, Mailis-Gagnon A, et al. Opioids for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; CD004959.
6. Urquhart DM, Hoving JL, Assendelft WW, et al. Antidepressants for non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; CD001703.
7. Mirza SK, Deyo RA. Systematic review of randomized trials comparing lumbar fusion surgery to nonoperative care for treatment of chronic back pain. Spine 2007; 32 : 816-23. (Pubitemid 46573336)
8. Coste J, Paolaggi JB, Spira A. Classification of nonspecific low back pain. II. Clinical diversity of organic forms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1992; 17 : 1038-42.
9. Delitto A, Erhard RE, Bowling RW. A treatment-based classifi-cation approach to low back syndrome: Identifying and staging patients for conservative treatment. Phys Ther 1995; 75 : 470-85; discussion 485-9.
10. Hall H, McIntosh G, Boyle C. Effectiveness of a low back pain classification system. Spine J 2009; 9 : 648-57.
11. Kravitz RL, Duan N, Braslow J. Evidence-based medicine, heterogeneity of treatment effects, and the trouble with averages. Milbank Q 2004; 82 : 661-87. (Pubitemid 40143102)
12. Brookes ST, Whitley E, Peters TJ, et al. Subgroup analyses in randomised controlled trials: Quantifying the risks of false-positives and false-negatives. Health Technol Assess 2001; 5 : 1-56.
13. Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, et al. CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2010; 63 : E1-37.
14. Gabler NB, Duan N, Liao D, et al. Dealing with heterogeneity of treatment effects: Is the literature up to the challenge? Trials 2009; 10 : 43.
15. Wang R, Lagakos SW, Ware JH, et al. Statistics in medicine- reporting of subgroup analyses in clinical trials. N Engl J Med 2007; 357 : 2189-94.
16. Brookes ST, Whitely E, Egger M, et al. Subgroup analyses in randomized trials: Risks of subgroup-specific analyses; power and sample size for the interaction test. J Clin Epidemiol 2004; 57 : 229-36. (Pubitemid 38456874)
17. Lagakos SW. The challenge of subgroup analyses-reporting without distorting. N Engl J Med 2006; 354 : 1667-9.
18. Rothwell PM. Treating individuals 2. Subgroup analysis in randomised controlled trials: Importance, indications, and interpretation. Lancet 2005; 365 : 176-86. (Pubitemid 40091809)
19. Salerno SM, Browning R, Jackson JL. The effect of antidepressant treatment on chronic back pain: A meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 : 19-24. (Pubitemid 34073395)
20. Schnitzer TJ, Ferraro A, Hunsche E, et al. A comprehensive review of clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of drugs for the treatment of low back pain. J Pain Symptom Manag 2004; 28 : 72-95. (Pubitemid 38829674)
21. Wright JG, Swiontkowski MF, Heckman JD. Introducing levels of evidence to the journal. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003; 85-A : 1-3. (Pubitemid 36537965)
22. Norvell DC, Dettori JR, Fehlings MG, et al. Methodology for the systematic reviews on an evidence based approach for the management of chronic LBP. Spine 2011; 36: S10-S18.
23. Hale ME, Ahdieh H, Ma T, et al. Efficacy and safety of OPANA ER (oxymorphone extended release) for relief of moderate to severe chronic low back pain in opioid-experienced patients: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Pain 2007; 8 : 175-84. (Pubitemid 46186162)
24. Katz N, Rauck R, Ahdieh H, et al. A 12-week, randomized, placebocontrolled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of oxymorphone extended release for opioid-naive patients with chronic low back pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23 : 117-28. (Pubitemid 46191677)
25. Vondrackova D, Leyendecker P, Meissner W, et al. Analgesic efficacy and safety of oxycodone in combination with naloxone as prolonged release tablets in patients with moderate to severe chronic pain. J Pain 2008; 9 : 1144-54.
26. Aoki T, Kuroki Y, Kageyama T, et al. Multicentre double-blind comparison of piroxicam and indomethacin in the treatment of lumbar diseases. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 1983; 6 : 247-52. (Pubitemid 15207458)
27. Zerbini C, Ozturk ZE, Grifka J, et al. Efficacy of etoricoxib 60 mg/ day and diclofenac 150 mg/day in reduction of pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain: Results of a 4-week, multinational, randomized, double-blind study. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21 : 2037-49. (Pubitemid 41805052)
28. Evans DP, Burke MS, Newcombe RG. Medicines of choice in low back pain. Curr Med Res Opin 1980; 6 : 540-7. (Pubitemid 10021897)
29. Jenkins DG, Ebbutt AF, Evans CD. Tofranil in the treatment of low back pain. J Int Med Res 1976; 4 : 28-40.
30. Bohnert AS, Valenstein M, Bair MJ, et al. Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths. JAMA 2011; 305 : 1315-21.
31. Benyamin R, Trescot AM, Datta S, et al. Opioid complications and side effects. Pain Phys 2008; 11 : S105-20. (Pubitemid 351682081)
32. Rainsford KD. Profile and mechanisms of gastrointestinal and other side effects of nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Am J Med 1999; 107 : 27S-35S; discussion 35S-6S.
33. Huszonek JJ, Dewan MJ, Koss M, et al. Antidepressant side effects and physician prescribing patterns. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1993; 5 : 7-11. (Pubitemid 23183404)