Long-term environmental fate of perfluorinated compounds after accidental release at Toronto airport

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 45, Issue 19, 2011, Pages 8081-8089

  Awad, Emily ^a   Zhang, Xianming ^b   Bhavsar, Satyendra P ^a,b   Petro, Steve ^a   Crozier, Patrick W ^a   Reiner, Eric J ^a,b   Fletcher, Rachael ^a   Tittlemier, Sheryl A ^c   Braekevelt, Eric ^c  

^a ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c HEALTH CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE; BIOACCUMULATION FACTOR; DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS; FIELD MEASUREMENT; FIRE FIGHTING; INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT; LONG LASTING; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLATES; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES; STOCKHOLM; STORMWATER MANAGEMENTS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; TORONTO;

ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; BARIUM COMPOUNDS; BIOCHEMISTRY; FIRE EXTINGUISHERS; FISH; LAKES; SEDIMENTOLOGY;

RIVERS;

PERFLUOROALKYLSULFONIC ACID; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLIC ACID; PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID; STORM WATER; SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACCIDENT; AIRPORT; BIOACCUMULATION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DISCHARGE; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; FIRE MANAGEMENT; FISH; FOAM; PERSISTENCE; REGULATORY APPROACH; SEDIMENT POLLUTION; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; STOCKHOLM CONVENTION; STORMWATER; SULFONATE (ESTER); TOXICITY TEST; URBANIZATION; WATER MANAGEMENT;

AIRPORT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BIOACCUMULATION; CANADA; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FISH; FLUORINATION; FOAM; HUMAN; LIVER; NONHUMAN; SEDIMENT; SPILLAGE; URBAN AREA; WATER POLLUTION; WATER SUPPLY;

AIRPORTS; ANIMALS; BIOHAZARD RELEASE; CANADA; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FISHES; FLUOROCARBONS; GEOGRAPHY; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; LIVER; TIME FACTORS; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

CANADA; ONTARIO [CANADA]; TORONTO;

EID: 80053402714     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es2001985     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Prevedouros, K.; Cousins, I. T.; Buck, R. C.; Korzeniowski, S. H. Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 32-44 (Pubitemid 43069883)
2. Paul, A. G.; Jones, K. C.; Sweetman, A. J. A first global production, emission, and environmental inventory for perfluorooctane sulfonate Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 386-392
3. Butenhoff, J. L.; Olsen, G. W.; Pfahles-Hutchens, A. The applicability of biomonitoring data for perfluorooctanesulfonate to the environmental public health continuum Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 1776-1782 (Pubitemid 44718286)
4. Kim, S. K.; Kannan, K. Perfluorinated acids in air, rain, snow, surface runoff, and lakes: Relative importance of pathways to contamination of urban lakes Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 8328-8334 (Pubitemid 350276437)
5. Liu, W.; Jin, Y. H.; Quan, X.; Sasaki, K.; Saito, N.; Nakayama, S. F.; Sato, I.; Tsuda, S. Perfluorosulfonates and perfluorocarboxylates in snow and rain in Dalian, China Environ. Int. 2009, 35, 737-742
6. Stock, N. L.; Furdui, V. I.; Muir, D. C. G.; Mabury, S. A. Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in the Canadian arctic: Evidence of atmospheric transport and local contamination Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 3529-3536 (Pubitemid 350067197)
7. Shi, Y. L.; Pan, Y. Y.; Yang, R. Q.; Wang, Y. W.; Cai, Y. Q. Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in fish from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Environ. Int. 2010, 36, 46-50
8. Keller, J. M.; Kannan, K.; Taniyasu, S.; Yamashita, N.; Day, R. D.; Arendt, M. D.; Segars, A. L.; Kucklick, J. R. Perfluorinated compounds in the plasma of loggerhead and Kemp′s ridley sea turtles from the southeastern coast of the United States Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 9101-9108 (Pubitemid 41741193)
9. Kannan, K.; Yun, S. H.; Evans, T. J. Chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated contaminants in livers of polar bears from Alaska Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 9057-9063 (Pubitemid 41741190)
10. Furdui, V. I.; Stock, N. L.; Ellis, D. A.; Butt, C. M.; Whittle, D. M.; Crozier, P. W.; Reiner, E. J.; Muir, D. C. G.; Mabury, S. A. Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in lake trout from the Great Lakes Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 1554-1559 (Pubitemid 46362452)
11. Kannan, K.; Corsolini, S.; Falandysz, J.; Fillmann, G.; Kumar, K. S.; Loganathan, B. G.; Mohd, M. A.; Olivero, J.; Van Wouwe, N.; Yang, J. H.; Aldous, K. M. Perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorochemicals in human blood from several countries Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 4489-4495 (Pubitemid 39180470)
12. Betts, K. S. Perfluoroalkyl acids-What is the evidence telling us? Environ. Health Perspect. 2007, 115, A250-A256
13. Apelberg, B. J.; Witter, F. R.; Herbstman, J. B.; Calafat, A. M.; Halden, R. U.; Needham, L. L.; Goldman, L. R. Cord serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in relation to weight and size at birth Environ. Health Perspect. 2007, 115, 1670-1676
14. Melzer, D.; Rice, N.; Depledge, M. H.; Henley, W. E.; Galloway, T. S. Association between serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and thyroid disease in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118, 686-692
15. Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and its salts and certain other compounds regulations (2008). Available online: http://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2008/2008-06-11/html/sor-dors178-eng.html (accessed June 2011).
16. UNEP (2009) The nine new POPs. An introduction to the nine chemicals added to the Stockholm Convention by the Conference of the Parties at its fourth meeting. Available online http://chm.pops.int/Programmes/NewPOPs/Publications/ tabid/695/language/en-US/Default.aspx (accessed Nov 2010).
17. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Virtual Elimination Act (S.C. 2008, c. 13). Available online http://lois-laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/P-8.3/ (accessed April 2011).
18. D'eon, J. C.; Mabury, S. A. Is indirect exposure a significant contributor to the burden of perfluorinated acids observed in humans? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, Articles ASAP. DOI: 10.1021/es200171y.
19. Ahrens, L.; Siebert, U.; Ebinghaus, R. Temporal trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Bight, 1999-2008 Chemosphere 2009, 76, 151-158
20. Nakata, H.; Kannan, K.; Nasu, T.; Cho, H. S.; Sinclair, E.; Takemura, A. Perfluorinated contaminants in sediments and aquatic organisms collected from shallow water and tidal flat areas of the Ariake Sea, Japan: Environmental fate of perfluorooctane sulfonate in aquatic ecosystems Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 4916-4921 (Pubitemid 44257453)
21. Pistocchi, A.; Loos, R. A map of European emissions and concentrations of PFOS and PFOA Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 9237-9244
22. Mak, Y. L.; Taniyasu, S.; Yeung, L. W. Y.; Lu, G. H.; Jin, L.; Yang, Y. L.; Lam, P. K. S.; Kannan, K.; Yamashita, N. Perfluorinated compounds in tap water from China and several other countries Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 4824-4829
23. Trudel, D.; Horowitz, L.; Wormuth, M.; Scheringer, M.; Cousins, I. T.; Hungerbuhler, K. Estimating consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA Risk Anal. 2008, 28, 251-269 (Pubitemid 351550587)
24. Kwadijk, C. J. A. F.; Korytar, P.; Koelmans, A. A. Distribution of perfluorinated compounds in aquatic systems in the Netherlands Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 3746-3751
25. Wang, Y. W.; Fu, J. J.; Wang, T.; Liang, Y.; Pan, Y. Y.; Cai, Y. Q.; Jiang, G. B. Distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and other perfluorochemicals in the ambient environment around a manufacturing facility in China Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 8062-8067
26. Schultz, M. M.; Higgins, C. P.; Huset, C. A.; Luthy, R. G.; Barofsky, D. F.; Field, J. A. Fluorochemical mass flows in a municipal wastewater treatment facility Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 7350-7357 (Pubitemid 44871847)
27. Moody, C. A.; Martin, J. W.; Kwan, W. C.; Muir, D. C. G.; Mabury, S. C. Monitoring perfluorinated surfactants in biota and surface water samples following an accidental release of fire-fighting foam into Etohicoke Creek Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 545-551 (Pubitemid 34157491)
28. Oakes, K. D.; Benskin, J. P.; Martin, J. W.; Ings, J. S.; Heinrichs, J. Y.; Dixon, D. G.; Servos, M. R. Biomonitoring of perfluorochemicals and toxicity to the downstream fish community of Etobicoke Creek following deployment of aqueous film-forming foam Aquat. Toxicol. 2010, 98, 120-129
29. Moody, C. A.; Hebert, G. N.; Strauss, S. H.; Field, J. A. Occurrence and persistence of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other perfluorinated surfactants in groundwater at a fire-training area at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USA J. Environ. Monit. 2003, 5, 341-345 (Pubitemid 36469528)
30. Schultz, M. M.; Barofsky, D. F.; Field, J. A. Quantitative determination of fluorotelomer sulfonates in groundwater by LC MS/MS Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 1828-1235
31. Hagenaars, A.; Knapen, D.; Meyer, I. J.; van der Ven, K.; Hoff, P.; De Coen, W. Toxicity evaluation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Aquat. Toxicol. 2008, 88, 155-163
32. Ontario Ministry of the Environment. The determination of perfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFCs) in environmental matrices by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Toronto, ON, 2008.
33. Hansen, K. J.; Clemen, L. A.; Ellefson, M. E.; Johnson, H. O. Compound-specific, quantitative characterization of organic fluorochemicals in biological matrices Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 766-770 (Pubitemid 32173716)
34. Gruber, L.; Schlummer, M.; Ungewiss, J.; Wolz, G.; Moeller, A.; Weise, N.; Fromme, H. Analysis of sub-ppb levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in food and fish Organohalogen Compd. 2007, 69, 142-145
35. Ontario Ministry of the Environment. The determination of total carbonate-carbon in soil and sediments by coulometry. Toronto, ON, 2010.
36. Environment Canada. National Climate Data and Information Archive. Available online http://climat.meteo.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata-e.html?Prov= XX&timeframe=2&StationID=5097&Day=1&Month=10&Year= 2006&cmdB1=Go (accessed Nov 2010).
37. Boulanger, B.; Vargo, J.; Schnoor, J. L.; Hornbuckle, K. C. Detection of perfluorooctane surfactants in Great Lakes water Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 4064-4070 (Pubitemid 39014187)
38. Murakami, M.; Imamura, E.; Shinohara, H.; Kiri, K.; Muramatsu, Y.; Harada, A.; Takada, H. Occurrence and sources of perfluorinated surfactants in rivers in Japan Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 6566-6572
39. Scott, B. F.; Spencer, C.; Lopez, E.; Muir, D. C. G. Perfluorinated alkyl acid concentrations in Canadian rivers and creeks Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 2009, 44, 263-277
40. 2 N moiety. Available online http://www.ec.gc.ca/CEPARegistry/documents/subs-list/PFOS-SAR/ PFOS-TOC.cfm (accessed April 2011).
41. Higgins, C. P.; Field, J. A.; Criddle, C. S.; Luthy, R. G. Quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals in sediments and domestic sludge Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 3946-3956 (Pubitemid 40770221)
42. Clara, M.; Gans, O.; Weiss, S.; Sanz-Escribano, D.; Scharf, S.; Scheffknecht, C. Perfluorinated alkylated substances in the aquatic environment: An Austrian case study Water Res. 2009, 43, 4760-4768
43. Labadie, P.; Chevreuil, M. Partitioning behaviour of perfluorinated alkyl contaminants between water, sediment and fish in the Orge River (nearby Paris, France) Environ. Pollut. 2011, 159, 391-397
44. Pan, G.; You, C. Sediment-water distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in Yangtze River Estuary Environ. Pollut. 2010, 158, 1363-1367
45. Higgins, C. P.; Luthy, R. G. Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants on sediments Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 7251-7256 (Pubitemid 44871834)
46. De Silva, A.; Gledhill, M.; Sekela, M.; Syrgiannis, J.; Evans, M.; Armellin, A.; Pomeroy, J.; Keir, M.; Backus, S.; Muir, D. Perfluorinated chemicals in freshwater fish in Canada Organohalogen Compd. 2010, 72, 1277-1280
47. Martin, J. W.; Mabury, S. A.; Solomon, K. R.; Muir, D. C. G. Bioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2003, 22, 196-204 (Pubitemid 35471339)
48. Naile, J. E.; Khim, J. S.; Wang, T.; Chen, C.; Luo, W.; Kwon, B. O.; Park, J.; Koh, C. H.; Jones, P. D.; Lu, Y.; Giesy, J. P. Perfluorinated compounds in water, sediment, soil and biota from estuarine and coastal areas of Korea Environ. Pollut. 2010, 158, 1237-1244
49. Murakami, M.; Kuroda, K.; Sato, N.; Fukushi, T.; Takizawa, S.; Takada, H. Groundwater pollution by perfluorinated surfactants in Tokyo Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 3480-3486
50. Simcik, M. F.; Dorweiler, K. J. Ratio of perfluorochemical concentrations as a tracer of atmospheric deposition to surface waters Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 8678-8683 (Pubitemid 41636133)
51. Zushi, Y.; Masunaga, S. Identifying the nonpoint source of perfluorinated compounds using a geographic information system based approach Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2009, 28, 691-700
52. Furdui, V. I.; Crozier, P. W.; Reiner, E. J.; Mabury, S. A. Trace level determination of perfluorinated compounds in water by direct injection Chemosphere 2008, 73, S24-S30
53. So, M. K.; Miyake, Y.; Yeung, W. Y.; Ho, Y. M.; Taniyasu, S.; Rostkowski, P.; Yamashita, N.; Zhou, B. S.; Shi, X. J.; Wang, J. X.; Giesy, J. P.; Yu, H.; Lam, P. K. S. Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China Chemosphere 2007, 68, 2085-2095 (Pubitemid 47103191)
54. 19F-NMR, LC-MS/MS and LC-Quad-TOFMS, and the aerobic biodegradation of 6:2 FtS. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, 2008.
55. Johnson, R. L.; Anschutz, A. J.; Smolen, J. M.; Simcik, M. F.; Penn, R. L. The adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate onto sand, clay, and iron oxide surfaces J. Chem. Eng. Data 2007, 52, 1165-1170 (Pubitemid 47218415)
56. Haukas, M.; Berger, U.; Hop, H.; Gulliksen, B.; Gabrielsen, G. W. Bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in selected species from the Barents Sea food web Environ. Pollut. 2007, 148, 360-371 (Pubitemid 46694080)