How does forest certification contribute to boreal biodiversity conservation? Standards and outcomes in Sweden and NW Russia

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 262, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 1983-1995

  Elbakidze, Marine ^a   Angelstam, Per ^a   Andersson, Kjell ^a   Nordberg, Mats ^a   Pautov, Yurij ^b  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b Silver Taiga Foundation   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Functional habitat connectivity; Morphological spatial pattern analysis; Pattern classes; Structural habitat connectivity; Virtual species

Indexed keywords

BOREAL FORESTS; HABITAT CONNECTIVITY; PATTERN CLASS; SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS; VIRTUAL SPECIES;

BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; FORESTRY; PLANT EXTRACTS; RATING; SPATIAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENT;

CONSERVATION;

BIODIVERSITY; BOREAL FOREST; CERTIFICATION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; HABITAT CONSERVATION; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; STANDARD (REGULATION);

BIODIVERSITY; CERTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; FORESTS; RUSSIA; STANDARDS; SWEDEN;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION; SWEDEN;

EID: 80053347922     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.040     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Ahti T., Hämet-Ahti L., Jalas J. Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. Ann. Bot. Fennici. 1968, 5:169-211.
2. Aksenov D., Dobrynin D., Dubinin M{cyrillic}., Egorov A{cyrillic}., Isaev A., Karpachevskyy M., Lestadius L., Potapov P., Purehovsky A., Tyrybanova A., Yaroshenko A. Atlas of Russia's Intact Forest Landscapes 2002, Global Forest Watch Russia, Moscow.
3. Andrén H. Habitat fragmentation and changes in biodiversity. Ecol. Bull. 1997, 46:171-181.
4. Angelstam P., Andersson L. Estimates of the needs for forest reserves in Sweden. Scand. J. For. Res. 2001, 3:38-51.
5. Angelstam P., Bergman P. Assessing actual landscapes for the maintenance of forest biodiversity - A pilot study using forest management data. Ecol. Bull. 2004, 51:413-425.
6. Angelstam P., Anufriev V., Balciauskas L., Blagovidov A., Borgegård S.-O., Hodge S., Majewski P., Ponomarenko S., Shvarts E., Tishkov A., Tomialojc L., Wesolowski T. Biodiversity and sustainable forestry in European forests - How west and east can learn from each other. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 1997, 25(1):38-48.
7. Angelstam P., Mikusiński G., Rönnbäck B.-I., östman A., Lazdinis M., Roberge J.-M., Arnberg W., Olsson J. Two-dimensional gap analysis: a tool for efficient conservation planning and biodiversity policy implementation. Ambio 2003, 32(8):527-534.
8. Angelstam P., Boutin S., Schmiegelow F., Villard M.-A., Drapeau P., Host G., Innes J., Isachenko G., Kuuluvainen M., Mönkkönen M., Niemelä J., Niemi G., Roberge J.-M., Spence J., Stone D. Targets for boreal forest biodiversity conservation - A rationale for macroecological research and adaptive management. Ecol. Bull. 2004, 51:487-509.
9. Angelstam P., Roberge J.-M., Lõhmus A., Bergmanis M., Brazaitis G., Dönz-Breuss M., Edenius L., Kosinski Z., Kurlavicius P., Lārmanis V., Lūkins M., Mikusinski G., Račinskis E., Strazds M., Tryjanowski P. Habitat modelling as a tool for landscape-scale conservation - A review of parameters for focal forest birds. Ecol. Bull. 2004, 51:427-453.
10. Angelstam P., Dönz-Breuss M., Roberge J.-M. Targets and tools for the maintenance of forest biodiversity - An introduction. Ecol. Bull. 2004, 51:11-24.
11. Angelstam P., Roberge J.-M., Ek T., Laestadius L. Data and tools for conservation, management, and restoration of forest ecosystems at multiple scales. Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests 2005, 269-283. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. J.A. Stanturf, P. Madsen (Eds.).
12. Angelstam, P., Andersson, K., Axelsson, R., Elbakidze, M., Jonsson, B.-G., Roberge, J.-M. in press. Protecting forest areas for biodiversity in Sweden 1991-2010: policy implementation process and outcomes on the ground. Silva Fennica.
13. Anon, 2001. National strategy for biodiversity conservation. Ministry of Nature resources of the Russian Federation, Moscow.
14. Anon, 1996. FSC - Breaking borders. FSC certification and harmonization of standards in the Baltic region. FSC-SECR-0024.
15. Anon, 1997. The last frontier forests: Ecosystems and economies on the edge. World Resources Institute.
16. Anon, 2005. Recommendations for final fallings in pristine forests with securing the ecological forest value in Komi Republic. Forest Agency of Komi Republic, Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.
17. Anon, 2008a. Forest management regalement of Priluzje lesnichestvo. Committee of Forestry, Komi Republic (In Russian).
18. Anon, 2008b. Russian National FSC standard. Russian FSC National Initiative.
19. Anon, 2009. Swedish FSC standard for Forest Certification. Board of FSC Sweden.
20. Auld, G., Gulbrandsen, L., McDermott, C., 2008. Certification schemes and the impacts of forests and forestry. Annu. Rev. Env. Resour. 33, 9.1-9.25.
21. Aune K., Jonsson B.-J., Moen J. Isolation and edge effects among woodland key habitats in Sweden: is forest policy promoting fragmentation?. Biol. Conserv. 2005, 124:89-95.
22. Bass, S., Thornber, K., Markopoulos, M., Roberts, S., Grieg-Gran, M., 2001. Certification's impacts on forests, stakeholders and supply chains. Instruments for sustainable private sector forestry series. International Institute of Environment and Development, London, UK.
23. Belovsky G. Extinction models and mammalian persistence. Viable Populations for Conservation 1987, 35-57. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. M. Soulé (Ed.).
24. Bennett E.I. Timber certification: where is the voice of the biologist?. Conserv. Biol. 2000, 14:921-923.
25. Biedermann R. Body size and area-incidence relationships: is there a general pattern?. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 2003, 12:381-387.
26. Boström, M. 2002. Skogen Märks - Hur svensk skogscertifiering kom till och dess konsekvenser. SCOPE 20023, Stockholm.
27. Brown, N., R., Noss, D., Diamond, Myers, M., 2001. Conservation biology and forest certification: working together toward ecological sustainability. J. For., 18-25.
28. Burnett C., Fall A., Tomppo E., Kalliola R. Monitoring current status of and trends in boreal forest land use in Russian Karelia. Conserv. Ecol. 2003, 7(2):8-12.
29. Cabarle B., Brown N., Cesareo K. Integrating protected areas, plantations, and certification. J. Sustain. For. 2000, 21(4):15-34.
30. Carlson M., Wells J., Roberts D. The carbon the world forgot: conserving the capacity of Canada's boreal forests region to mitigate and adapt to climate change 2009, Boreal Songbird Initiative, Canada.
31. Cashore B., Auld G., Newsom D. Forest certification (eco-labelling) programs and their policy-making authority: explaining divergence among North America and European case studies. For. Pol. Econ. 2003, 5:225-247.
32. Cashore B., van Kooten C., Vertinsky I., Auld G., Affolderbach J. Private or self-regulation? A comparative study of forest certification choices in Canada, the United States and Germany. For. Pol. Econ. 2005, 7:53-69.
33. Dise N. Peatland response to global change. Science 2009, 326:810-811.
34. Edenius L., Sjöberg K. Distribution of birds in natural landscape mosaics of old-growth forests in northern Sweden, relations to habitat area and landscape context. Ecography 1997, 20:425-431.
35. Ek, I. 1995. Skinnskattebergs revir. Hultebo tryckeri AB, Skinnskatteberg (In Swedish).
36. Elbakidze M., Angelstam P. Model Forest in the North West of the Russian Federation: view from outside. Ustoychivoe lesopolzovanie 2008, 1(17):39-47. (In Russian).
37. Elbakidze M., Angelstam P., Axelsson R. Sustainable forest management as an approach to regional development in the Russian Federation: state and trends in Kovdozersky Model Forest in the barents region. Scand. J. For. Res. 2008, 22:568-581.
38. Elbakidze M., Angelstam P., Sandström C., Axelsson R. Multi-stakeholder collaboration in Russian and Swedish Model Forest initiatives: adaptive governance towards sustainable forest management?. Ecol. Soc. 2010, 15(2):14.
39. Eriksson S., Hammer M. The challenge of combining timber production and biodiversity conservation for long-term ecosystem functioning - A case study of Swedish boreal forestry. For. Ecol. Manag. 2006, 237:208-217.
40. Esseen P.-A., Renhorn K.-E. Edge effects on an epiphytic lichen in fragmented forests. Conserv. Biol. 1998, 126:1307-1317.
41. Fahrig L. Effect of habitat fragmentation on the extinction threshold: a synthesis. Ecol. Appl. 2002, 12:346-353.
42. Folke C., Carpenter S., Walker B., Scheffer M., Elmqvist T., Gunderson L., Holling C.S. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2004, 35:557-581.
43. Ghazoul J. Barriers to biodiversity conservation in forest certification. Conserv. Biol. 2000, 15(2):315-317.
44. Gulbrandsen L. The effectiveness of non-state governance schemes: a comparative study of forest certification in Norway and Sweden. Int. Environ. Agreem. 2005, 5:125-149.
45. Gulisson R. Does forest certification conserve biodiversity?. Oryx 2003, 37(2):154-165.
46. Gustafsson L. Presence and abundance of red-listed plan species in Swedish forests. Conserv. Biol. 2002, 16(2):377-388.
47. Guynn D., Guynn S., Layton P., Wigley T. Biodiversity metrics in sustainable forestry certification programs. J. For. 2004, (April/May):46-52.
48. Hannah L., Carr J.L., Lankerani A. Human disturbance and natural habitat: a biome level analysis of a global data set. Biodivers. Conserv. 1995, 4:128-155.
49. Hansen, M., Stehman, S., Potapov, P., 2010. Quantification of global gross forest cover loss. Proceedings of the National Academy of Scinces of the USA. 107 (19), 8650-8655.
50. Hanski I. Extinction debt and species credit in boreal forests: modelling the consequences of different approaches to biodiversity conservation. Ann. Zool. Fennici. 2000, 37:271-280.
51. Hanski I., Moilanen A., Gyllenberg M. Minimum viable metapopulation size. Amer. Natur. 1996, 147:527-541.
52. Hansson L. Key habitats in Swedish managed forests. Scand. J. For. Res. 2001, (Suppl. 3):52-61.
53. Hess G., King T. Planning open spaces for wildlife. I. Selecting focal species using a Delphi survey approach. Landscape Urban Plan. 2002, 58:25-40.
54. Hirzel A.H., Helfer V., Metral F. Assessing habitat suitability models with a virtual species. Ecol. Model. 2001, 145:111-121.
55. Hysing E., Olsson J. Sustainability through good advice? Assessing the governance of Swedish forest biodiversity. Environ. Polit. 2005, 14(4):510-526.
56. Jansson G., Andrén H. Habitat composition and bird diversity in managed boreal forests. Scand. J. For. Res. 2003, 18:225-236.
57. Jansson G., Angelstam P. Thresholds of landscape composition for the presence of the long-tailed tit in a boreal landscape. Landscape Ecol. 1999, 14:283-290.
58. Kojola I., Tuomivaara J., Heikkinen S., Heikura K., Kipeläinen K., Keränen J., Paasivaara A., Ruusila V. European wild forest reindeer and wolves: endangered prey and predators. Ann. Zool. Fennici 2009, 46:416-422.
59. Kuuluvainen T. Forest management and biodiversity conservation based on natural ecosystem dynamics in northern Europe: the complexity challenge. Ambio 2009, 38(6):309-315.
60. Lambeck R.J. Focal species: a multi-species umbrella for nature conservation. Conserv. Biol. 1997, 11(4):849-856.
61. Larsson T.-B., Angelstam P., Balent G., Barbati A., Bijlsma R.-J., Boncina A., Bradshaw R., Bücking W., Ciancio O., Corona P., Diaci J., Dias S., Ellenberg H., Manuel Fernandes F., Fernandez-Gonzalez F., Ferris R., Frank G., Friis Møller P., Giller P.S., Gustafsson L., Halbritter K., Hall S., Hansson L., Innes J., Jactel H., Keannel Dobbertin M., Klein M., Marchetti M., Mohren F., Niemelä P., O'Halloran J., Rametsteiner E., Rego F., Scheidegger C., Scotti R., Sjöberg K., Spanos I., Spanos K., Standovar T., Svensson L., Tømmerås B.å., Trakolis D., Uuttera J., VanDenMeerschaut D., Vanderkerkhove K., Walsh P.M., Watt A.D. Biodiversity evaluation tools for European forests. Ecol. Bull. 2001, 50.
62. Laurance W., Yensen E. Predicting the impacts of edge effects in fragmented habitats. Biol. Conserv. 1991, 55:77-92.
63. Lehtinen A.A., Donner-Amnell J., Saether B. Politics of forests - northern forest-industrial regimes in the age of globalization 2004, Ashgate Publishing, Hants, UK.
64. Linnell J., Promberger C., Boitani L., Swenson J.E., Breitenmoser U., Andersen R. The linkage between conservation strategies for large carnivores and biodiversity: the view from the " half-full" forests of Europe. Large Carnivores and Biodiversity Conservation 2005, 381-399. Island Press, Washington, DC. J. Ray, K. Redford, R. Steneck, J. Berger (Eds.).
65. Konsult, LRF., 1999. Instruktion för naturvårdsanpassad skogsbruksplanläggning. Version 2.3. LRF Skogsbyrån.
66. Manton M.G., Angelstam P., Mikusiński G. Modelling habitat suitability for deciduous forest focal species - A sensitivity analysis using different satellite land cover data. Landscape Ecol. 2005, 20:827-839.
67. Mayer A., Kauppi P., Angelstam P., Zhang Y., Tikka P. Importing timber, exporting ecological impact. Science 2005, 308:59-60.
68. McNab B.K. Bioenergetics and the determination of home range size. Am. Nat. 1963, 97:133-140.
69. McNeely J.A. Lessons from the past: forests and biodiversity. Biodivers. Conserv. 1994, 3:3-20.
70. Meffe G., Carroll C. Principles of conservation biology 1994, Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
71. Menges E.S. The application of minimum viable population theory to plants. Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants 1991, 45-61. Oxford University Press, New York. D. Falk, K. Holsinger (Eds.).
72. Mikusiński G., Edenius L. Assessment of spatial functionality of old forest in Sweden as habitat for virtual species. Scand. J. For. Res. 2006, 21(1):73-83.
73. Minor E., Lookingbill T. A multiscale network analysis of protected-area connectivity for mammals in the United State. Conserv. Biol. 2010, 24(6):1549-1558.
74. Moen J., Jonsson B.G. Edge effects on liverworts and lichens in forest patches in a mosaic of boreal forest and wetland. Conserv. Biol. 2003, 17:380-388.
75. Naturvårdsverket and Skogsstyrelsen, 2005. Nationell strategi för formellt skydd av skog. Naturvårdsverket, Stockholm and Skogsstyrelsen, Jönköping.
76. Nilsson C., Götmark F. Protected areas in Sweden: is natural variety adequately represented?. Conserv. Biol. 1992, 6:232-242.
77. Nilsson C., Niklasson M., Hedin J., Eliasson P., Ljungberg H. Biodiversity and sustainable forestry in changing landscapes - Principles and Southern Sweden as an example. J. Sustain. For. 2005, 21:11-43.
78. Noss R.F. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conserv. Biol. 1990, 4:355-364.
79. öckinger E., Nilsson S. Local population extinction and vitality of an epiphytic lichenin fragmented old-growth forest. Ecology 2010, 91(7):2100-2109.
80. Ostapowicz K., Vogt P., Ritters K., Kozak J., Estreguil C. Impact of scale on morphological spatial pattern of forest. Landscape Ecol. 2008, 23:1107-1117.
81. Poiani K., Richter B., Anderson M., Richter H. Biodiversity conservation at multiple scales: functional sites, landscapes, and networks. BioScience 2000, 50(2):133-146.
82. Potapov P., Yaroshenko A., Turubanova S., Dubinin M., Laestadius L., Thies Ch., Aksenov D., Egorov A., Yesipova E., Glushkov I., Karpachevskiy M., Kostikova A., Manisha A., Tsybikova E., Zhuravleva I. Mapping the world's intact forest landscapes by remote sensing. Ecol. Soc. 2008, 13(2):51.
83. Rametsteiner E., Simula M. Forest certification - An instrument to promote sustainable forest management?. J. Environ. Manag. 2003, 67:87-98.
84. Roberge J.-M., Angelstam P. Usefulness of the umbrella species concept as a conservation tool. Conserv. Biol. 2004, 18(1):76-85.
85. Rockström J., Steffen W., Noone K., Persson E., Chapin F., Lambin E., Lenton T., Scheffer M., Folke C., Schellnhuber H., Nykvist B., De Wit C., Hughes T., van der Leeuw S., Rodhe H., Sts{cyrillic}rlin S., Snyder P., Costanza R., Svedin U., Falkenmark M., Karlberg L., Corell R., Fabry V., Hansen J., Walker B., Liverman D., Richardson K., Crutzen P., Foley J. Planetary boundaries: exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecol. Soc. 2009, 14(2):32.
86. Shorohova E., Tetioukhin S. Natural disturbances and the amount of large trees, deciduous trees and coarse woody debris in the forests of Novgorod Region, Russia. Ecol. Bull. 2004, 51:137-147.
87. Soille P., Vogt P. Morphological segmentation of binary patterns. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 2009, 30:456-459.
88. SOU., 1997. Skydd av skog. Behov och kostnader. Rapport 1997:98. Miljövårdsberedningen.
89. Store R., Jokimäki J. A GIS-based multi-scale approach to habitat suitability modelling. Ecol. Model. 2003, 169:1-15.
90. Svancara L.K., Brannon R., Scott J.M., Groves C.R., Noss R.F., Pressey R.L. Policy-driven versus evidence-based conservation: a review of political targets and biological needs. BioScience 2005, 55(11):989-995.
91. Swedish Forestry Act. 1993. On: http://www.svo.se/episerver4/templates/SNormalPage.aspx?id=11303.
92. Taylor P., Fahrig L., Henein K., Merriam G. Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure. Oikos 1993, 68(3):571-572.
93. Taylor P., Fahrig L., With K. Landscape connectivity: a return to the basics. Connectivity Conservation 2006, 29-43. Cambridge University Press. K. Crooks, M. Sanjayan (Eds.).
94. Villard M.-A., Jonsson B.G. Setting Conservation Targets for Managed Forest Landscapes 2009, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
95. Vogt P., Riitters K., Estreguil C., Kozak J., Wade T., Wickham J. Mapping spatial patterns with morphological image processing. Landscape Ecol. 2007, 22:171-177.
96. Vogt P., Riitters K., Iwanowski M., Estreguil C., Kozak J., Soille P. Mapping landscape corridors. Ecol. Indic. 2007, 7(2):481-488.
97. Vogt P., Ferrari J., Lookingbill T., Gardner R., Riitters K., Ostapowicz K. Mapping potential functional connectivity. Ecol. Indic. 2009, 9:64-71.
98. Wickham J., Riitters K., Wadea T., Vogt P. A national assessment of green infrastructure and change for the conterminous United States using morphological image processing. Landscape Urban Plan. 2010, 94:186-195.
99. Wiens J.A., Milne B.T. Scaling of 'landscapes' in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective. Landscape Ecol. 1989, 3(2):87-96.
100. With K., King A. Extinction thresholds for species in fractal landscapes. Conserv. Biol. 1999, 13:314-326.
101. With K., Gardner R., Turner G. Landscape connectivity and population distribution in heterogeneous environments. Oikos 1997, 78:151-169.
102. Yaroshenko A., Potapov P., Turubanova S. The intact forest landscapes of northern European Russia 2001, Greenpeace Russia and the Global Forest Watch, Moscow.