An Odyssey with Animals: A Veterinarian's Reflections on the Animal Rights & Welfare Debate

An Odyssey with Animals: A Veterinarian's Reflections on the Animal Rights & Welfare Debate

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-288

  Morrison, Adrian R ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Agriculture; Animal rights; Animals; Biomedical research; Education; Human health; Humane research; Hunting; Laboratory animals; Medical science

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053346858     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374445.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (336)

1. Alberts, B. (2008). Shortcuts to medical progress? Science 319: 1733.
2. Alleyne, R. (2001). Terror tactics that brought a company to its knees. Telegraph June 6, 2001. Retrieved December 21, 2007, from Americans for Medical Progress. (2005). Special Report.
3. Americans for Medical Progress. (2008). Personal communication.
4. American Veterinary Medical Association. (2007). Press release, October 4, 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2009, from.
5. Arluke, A. and B. Sax (1992). Understanding animal protection and the Holocaust. Anthrozoos 5(1): 6-31.
6. Aserinsky, E. and N. Kleitman (1953). Regularly occurring periods of eye motility, and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science 118: 273-274.
7. Barboza, D. (2003). Animal welfare's unexpected allies. New York Times June 25, 2003. Retrieved August 16, 2008, from.
8. Barnard, N. and S. Kaufman (1997). Animal research is wasteful and misleading. Scientific American 276(2): 80-82.
9. Beeson, P. B. (1980). How to foster the gain of knowledge about disease. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 23/2 (Part 2): S9-S24.
10. Beeson, P. B. (1989). Animal experimentation: Context of a quote [Letter]. Science 245:1437.
11. Benton, M. J. (1997). Vertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 2. London: Chapman and Hall.
12. Bergreen, J. and S. Gehrke (2008). 3 Utahns with animal-rights group claim they freed mink. The Salt Lake Tribune September 23, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2008,.
13. Bizzi, E. and D. C. Brooks (1963). Functional connections between pontine reticular formation and lateral geniculate nucleus during deep sleep. Archives Italiennes De Biologie 101: 666-680.
14. Blalock, A. and H. B. Taussig (1945). The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary atresia. Journal of the American Medical Association 128:189-202.
15. Blankenau, G. S. (1995). Children and the animal rights agenda. Field & Stream, August 4:56-58.
16. Bliss, M. (1982). The Discovery of Insulin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17. Boggan, S. (2006). Money talks. The Guardian, June 1, 2006. Retrieved December 21, 2007, from.
18. Bogusslavsky, J., ed. (1997). Acute Stroke Treatment. London: Martin Dunitz.
19. Botting, J. (1991). Penicillin: Myth and fact. RDS News, June.
20. Botting, J. and A. R. Morrison (1997). Animal research is vital to medicine. Scientific American 276(2): 83-85.
21. Botting, J. and A. R. Morrison (1998). UnScientific American: Animal rights or wrongs: An op-ed. HMS Beagle: The BioMedNet Magazine 25 (Feb. 20): 1-7. Retrieved December 20, 2008, from.
22. Brady, R. (1969). The Spirit and Structure of German Fascism. New York: Howard Fertig.
23. Brenner, E. H. (2008). Personal communication.
24. Brooks, D. C. and E. Bizzi (1963). Brain-stem electrical activity during deep sleep. Archives Italiennes De Biologie 101: 648-665.
25. Budiansky, S. (1992). The Covenant of the Wild: Why Animals Chose Domestication. New York: William Morrow.
26. Budiansky, S. (1995). Nature's Keepers. New York: The Free Press.
27. Budiansky, S. (1998). If a Lion Could Talk. New York: The Free Press.
28. Bulliet, R. W. (2005). Hunters, Herders and Hamburgers: The Past and Future of Human-Animal Relationships. New York: Columbia University Press.
29. Burghardt, G. (1985). Animal awareness: Current perceptions and historical perspectives. American Psychologist 40: 905-919.
30. Burghardt, G. M. and H. A. Herzog Jr. (1980). Beyond conspecifics: Is Brer Rabbit our brother? Bioscience 30: 763-768.
31. Capper, J. L., E. Castaneda-Gutierrez, R. A. Cady, and D. E. Bauman (2008). The environmental impact of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) use in dairy production. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 9668-9673.
32. Carlsson, A. (2005). Nerves as chemical messengers. Science 310: 1120-1121.
33. Carman, R. (1990). The Illusions of Animal Rights. Iola, WI: Krause Publications.
34. Carmichael, M. (2004). Atkins under attack. Newsweek (February 23) 143(8): 51. Retrieved November 19, 2008, from.
35. Carroll, M. E., W. K. Bickel, and S. T. Higgins (2001). Non-drug incentives to treat drug abuse: Laboratory and clinical developments. In Carroll, M. E. and J. B. Overmier, eds. Animal Research and Human Health: Advancing Human Welfare through Behavioral Science. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 139-154.
36. Cartwright, R. (2004). Sleepwalking violence: A sleep disorder, a legal dilemma, and a psychological challenge. American Journal of Psychiatry 161(7): 1149-1158.
37. Cavalieri, P. and P. Singer, eds. (1993). The Great Ape Project: Equality Beyond Humanity. New York: St. Martin's Press.
38. Cheng, H., Y. Cao, and L. Olson (1996). Spinal cord repair in adult paraplegic rats: Partial restoration of hind limb function. Science 273: 510-513.
39. Cohen, C. (1986). The case for the use of animals in biomedical research. New England Journal of Medicine 315: 865-870.
40. Cohen, C. and T. Regan (2001). The Animal Rights Debate. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
41. Comroe, J. (1983). Exploring the Heart. New York: W. W. Norton.
42. Comroe, J. and R. Dripps (1976). Scientific basis for the support of biomedical research. Science 192: 105-111.
43. Conn, P. M. and J. V. Parker (2008). The Animal Research War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
44. Conniff, R. (1990). Fuzzy-Wuzzy thinking about animal rights. Audubon Magazine November: 121-133.
45. Coppinger, R. P. and Smith, C. K. (1983). The domestication of evolution. Environmental Conservation 10: 283-292.
46. Cornelius, C. E. (1969). Animal models-a neglected medical resource. New England Journal of Medicine 281: 934-944.
47. Cottingham, J., D. Murdoch, R. Stoothoff, and A. Kenny, eds. (1991). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes: The Correspondence. Vol. 3. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
48. Curtis, S., T. Grandin, and J. McGlone (2007). Time for united position on animal welfare. FeedstuffsFoodLink July 7, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from.
49. Dairy Quality Assurance (2008). Milk & Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Center. Retrieved September 29, 2008, from.
50. Dantzler, W. H., L. R. Squire, R. G. Petersdorf, J. G. Hardman, D. Johnson, and N. Miller (1994). Humane use of animals. Nature 369(6475): 9-19.
51. Darwin, C. (1859). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, 6th ed. London: John Murray.
52. Darwin, C. (1883 [1924]). The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2nd revised and augmented ed. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
53. Davis, S. L. (2003). The least harm principle may require that humans consume a diet containing large herbivores, not a vegan diet. Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Ethics 16: 387-394.
54. Davis, S. L. (2008). What would the world be like without animals for food, fiber, and labor? Are we morally obligated to do without them? Poultry Science 87: 392-394.
55. Davisson, M. T. (2005). Discovery genetics: Serendipity in basic research. Institute for Laboratory Resources Journal 46: 338-345.
56. Dawkins, M. S. (1980). Animal Suffering: The Science of Animal Welfare. London:Chapman and Hall.
57. Dawkins, M. S. (1993). Through Our Eyes Only?: The Search for Animal Consciousness. Oxford: W. H. Freeman.
58. Dawkins, M. S. (2008). What is good welfare and how can we achieve it? In Dawkins, M. S. and R. Bonney, eds. The Future of Animal Farming: Renewing the Ancient Contract. London: Blackwell, pp. 73-82.
59. Deadwyler, S. A., L. Porrino, J. M. Siegel, and R. E. Hampson (2007). Systemic and nasal delivery of orexin-a (hypocretin-1) reduces the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in nonhuman primates. Journal of Neuroscience 27: 14239-14247.
60. DeGrazia, D. (1996). Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
61. Dement, W. C. (1969). The biological role of REM sleep (circa 1968). In Kales, A., ed. Sleep: Physiology and Pathology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, pp. 245-265.
62. Dement, W. C. (1972). Some Must Watch While Some Must Sleep. Stanford, CA: Stanford Alumni Association.
63. Dennett, D. C. (1996). Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding of Consciousness. New York: Basic Books.
64. Dennis, S. G. and R. Melzack (1983). Perspectives on evolution of pain expression. In Kitchell, R. L., H. H. Erickson, E. Carstens, and L. E. Davis, eds. Animal Pain: Perception and Alleviation. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, pp. 151-160.
65. Derbyshire, D. (2007). Leading scientist denied his knighthood yet again "because of his outspoken support for animal experiment". Daily Mail, December 29, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2008, from.
66. de Waal, F. (1996). Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
67. de Waal, F. (2006). Morally evolved: Primate social instincts, human morality, and the rise and fall of "veneer theory." In Macedo, S. and J. Ober, eds. Primates and Philosophers:How Morality Evolved. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 1-80.
68. Dizard, J. (1994). Going Wild: Hunting, Animal Rights, and the Contested Meaning of Nature. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
69. Dizard, J. (2003). Mortal Stakes: Hunters and Hunting in Contemporary America. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
70. Dodds, W. J. and F. B. Orlans, eds. (1982). Scientific Perspectives on Animal Welfare. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
71. Donovan, D. (1995). Trial tomorrow in dalmatian case. The Philadelphia Inquirer January 8, 1995: 1.
72. Driscoll, C. A., M. Menotti-Raymond, A. L. Roca, K. Hupe, W. E. Johnson, E. Geffen, E. H. Harley, et al. (2007). The Near Eastern origin of cat domestication. Science 317: 519-523.
73. Duda, M. (2008). Personal communication.
74. Dudrick, S. J. (1977). The genesis of intravenous hyperalimentation. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 1: 23-29.
75. Dulbecco, R. A. (1986). Turning point in cancer research: Sequencing the human genome. Science 231: 1055-1056.
76. Editor (1883). The orang, chimpanzee, and gorilla. The New York Times March 25, 1883:12.
77. Editor (2006). Deer statistics: Can you afford not to go to this forum? The Swarthmorean April 12, 2006.
78. Editor (2007). Animal well-being expert applauds pork industry's PQA plus. Cattle Network April 26, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from.
79. Editor (2008a). Bernard, Claude. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online:.
80. Editor (2008b). Independent committee promotes use of science in animal care guidelines. FoodstuffsFoodLink August 8, 2008. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from.
81. Editorial (1999). The great divide? New Scientist 13(February): 3.
82. Editorial (2007). Keeping protests within the law. Nature Neuroscience 10: 1501.
83. Ellinwood, N. M., C. H. Vite, and M. K. Haskins (2004). Gene therapy for lysosomal storage diseases: The lessons and promises of animal models. Journal of Gene Medicine 6: 481-506.
84. Emery, N. J. and N. S. Clayton (2004). Comparing the complex cognition of birds and primates. In Rogers, L. J. and G. Kaplan, eds. Comparative Vertebrate Cognition: Are Primates Superior to Non-Primates? New York: Kluwer Academic, pp. 3-55.
85. Feinberg, J. (1978). Human duties and animal rights. In Morris, R. K. and M. W. Fox, eds. On the Fifth Day: Animal Rights and Human Ethics. Washington, DC: Acropolis Books, pp. 45-69.
86. Festing, M. F. W. (2001). Book review: "Sacred Cows and Golden Geese" by Greek and Greek. ATLA 29: 617-620.
87. Festing, M. F. W. (2004). Is the use of animals in biomedical research still necessary? Unfortunately, "yes". ATLA 32(Suppl. 1): 733-739.
88. Fetrow, J. P. (2001). Food animal welfare and the use of bovine somatotrophin. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 218: 1886-1889.
89. Finkelstein, S. I. (2005). High noon for animal rights law: The coming showdown between pet owners and guardians. Bellwether 62 (Summer): 18-21.
90. Foundation for Biomedical Research (2006). Illegal incidents report: A 25-year history of illegal activities by eco and animal extremists. Available online at:.
91. Foundation for Biomedical Research (2008). Personal communication.
92. Fox, M. A. (1986). The Case for Animal Experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
93. Fox, M. A. (1987). Animal experimentation: A philosopher's changing views. Between the Species 3: 55-60.
94. Fox, M. W. (1990). Inhumane Society: The American Way of Exploiting Animals. New York: St. Martin's Press.
95. Fox, R. E., S. Mineka, and G. H. Bower (1994). Humane use of animals. Nature 369: 10.
96. Fraser, D., J. Mench, and S. Millman (2001). Farm animals and their welfare in 2000. In Salem, D. J. and A. R. Rowan, eds. The State of the Animals 2001. Washington, DC:Humane Society Press, pp. 87-99.
97. Gaita, R (2003). The Philosopher's Dog. London: Routledge.
98. Galligan, D. (2005). Personal communication.
99. Galligan, D. (2006). Personal communication.
100. Galligan, D. (2008). Personal communication.
101. Gennarelli, T. A. (1983). Head injury in man and experimental animals-clinical aspects. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement 32: 1-13.
102. Gingerich, E. (2007). Statement on the welfare of caged table egg layers. Personal communication.
103. Godlovitch, S., R. Godlovitch, and J. Harris, eds. (1972). Animals, Men and Morals: An Inquiry into the Maltreatment of Non-Humans. New York: Taplinger.
104. Goldberger, M. M., M. Murray, and A. Tessler (1993). Sprouting and regeneration in the spinal cord: Their roles in recovery of function after spinal injury. In Gorio, A., ed. Neuroregeneration. New York: Raven Press, pp. 241-264.
105. Goodwin, F. K. (1992). Animal research, animal rights and public health. Conquest 181: 1-10.
106. Gottesmann, C. (2001). The golden age of rapid eye movement sleep discoveries: 1. Lucretius-1964. Progress in Neurobiology 65: 211-287.
107. Grandin, T. and C. Johnson (2005). Animals in Translation; Using the Mysteries of Autism to Decode Animal Behavior. New York: Harcourt.
108. Greek, R. and J. Greek (2000a). Animal research and human disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 283: 743-744.
109. Greek, R. and J. Greek (2000b). Sacred Cows and Golden Geese. The Human Cost of Experiments on Animals. New York: Continuum.
110. Griffin, D. R. (1992). Animal Minds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
111. Griswold, C., Jr. (1986). The immorality of "animal rights". Washington Post, January 5, 1986: D7.
112. Groce, N. E. and J. Marks (2001). The Great Ape project and disability rights: Ominous undercurrents of eugenics in action. American Anthropologist 102(4): 818-822.
113. Guillermo, K. S. (1993). Monkey Business: The Disturbing Case that Launched the Animal Rights Movement. Washington, DC: National Press Books.
114. Hand, P. J. (1987). Personal communication.
115. Harnack, A., ed. (1996). Animal Rights: Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints Series, edited by D. Bender and B. Leone. San Diego: Greenhaven Press.
116. Hauser, M. D. (2000). Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think. New York: Holt.
117. Hauser, M. D. (2006). Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
118. Hendricks, E. (1985). Sensationalism and half-truths cloud Penn lab facts. Animaldom 55:2-4.
119. Hendricks, J. C., L. R. Kline, R. J. Kowalski, J. A. O'Brien, A. R. Morrison, and A. I. Pack (1987). The English bulldog: A natural model of sleep-disordered breathing. Journal of Applied Physiology 63: 1344-1350.
120. Henig, S. (2006). UCLA professor halts monkey research. The Chronicle of Higher Education 53(2): A22.
121. Henley, K. and A. R. Morrison (1974). A re-evaluation of the effects of lesions of the pontine tegmentum and locus coeruleus on phenomena of paradoxical sleep in the cat. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 34: 215-232.
122. Herscovici, A. (1985). Second Nature: The Animal Rights Controversy. Montreal: CBC Enterprises.
123. Herzog, H. A., Jr. (1988). The moral status of mice. American Psychologist 43: 473-476.
124. Herzog, H. A., Jr. (1991). Conflicts of interest: Kittens, boa constrictors, pets and research. American Psychologist 46: 246-248.
125. Herzog, H. A., Jr. (1993). The movement is my life: The psychology of animal rights activism. Journal of Social Issues 49: 103-119.
126. Holden, C. (1981). Scientist convicted for monkey neglect. Science 214: 1218-1220.
127. House, D. (2008). Animal Liberation Front frees animals, destroys breeding records in Kaysville and South Jordan. The Salt Lake Tribune September 22, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from.
128. Howard, W. E. (1990). Animal Rights vs. Nature. Davis, CA: W. E. Howard.
129. Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources (1996). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
130. James, G. (1992). Beggar, hit by cab, giving up streets. New York Times April 22, 1992:B3.
131. Jasper, J. M. and D. Nelkin (1992). The Animal Rights Crusade: The Growth of a Moral Protest. New York: The Free Press.
132. Jha, S. K., F. X. Brennan, A. C. Pawlyk, R. J. Ross, and A. R. Morrison (2005). REM sleep: A sensitive index of fear conditioning in rats. European Journal of Neuroscience 21(4):1077-1080.
133. John, J., M.-F. Wu, and J. M. Siegel (2000). Systemic administration of hypocretin-1 reduces cataplexy and normalizes sleep and waking durations in narcoleptic dogs. Sleeep Research Online 3: 23-28.
134. Johnson, M. (1988). Impending surgery. In Fisher, S. and J. Reason, eds. Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health. New York: Wiley, pp. 79-100.
135. Jones, S. D. (2003). Valuing Animals. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
136. Jouvet, M. and F. Delorme (1965). Locus coeruleus et sommeil paradoxal. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société dé Biologié et de Ses Filiales 159: 895-899.
137. Jouvet, M. and F. Michel (1959). Corrélations électromyographique du sommeil chez le chat décortiqué et mésencéphalique chronique. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de Ses Filiales 153: 422-425.
138. Katz, L. (1993). How to attack animal agriculture with a pinch of fact and a pound of hyperbole (book review). Coalition for Animals and Animal Research Newsletter Winter/Spring: 30-31.
139. Keller, H. (1956). Teacher: Anne Sullivan Macy. London: Victor Gollancz.
140. Kellert, S. R. (1996). The Value of Life: Biological Diversity and Human Society. Washington DC: Island Press.
141. Kennedy, D. (2006). Animal activism: Out of control. Science 313: 1541.
142. Kitcher, P. (2006). Ethics and evolution: How to get there from here. In Macedo, S. and J. Ober, eds. Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 120-139.
143. Kopp, B., A. Kunkel, W. Muhlnickel, K. Villringer, E. Taub, and H. Flor. (1999). Plasticity in the motor system related to therapy-induced improvement of movement after stroke. Neuroreport 10: 807-810.
144. Krech, S. III. (1994). Ecology and the American Indian. Ideas: From the National Humanities Center 30(1): 4-22.
145. Kulpa-Eddy, J. A., S. Taylor, and K. M. Adams (2005). USDA perspective on environmental enrichment for animals. Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources Journal 46(2): 83-94.
146. La Valle, R. P. (2008). Why they're human rights. Washington Post July 27, 2008: B7.
147. Lawrence, E. A. (1982) Rodeo: An Anthropologist Looks at the Wild and the Tame. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
148. Leahy, M. P. T. (1994) Against Liberation: Putting Animals in Perspective. London:Routledge.
149. Lederer, S. E. (1987). The controversy over animal experimentation in America, 1880-1914. In Rupke, N. A., ed. Vivisection in Historical Perspective. London: Routledge, pp. 236-258.
150. Lederer, S. E. (1995). Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America before the Second World War. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
151. LeDoux, J. E. (1992). Emotion and the amygdala. In Aggleton, J. P., ed. The Amygdala:Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory and Mental Dysfunction. New York: Wiley-Liss, pp. 339-351.
152. Levine, S. (1993). Fall. The Philadelphia Inquirer Magazine February 28, 1993: 23-25, 29, 35.
153. Lewin-ICF (1992). The Cost of Disorders of the Brain. Washington, DC: The National Foundation for Brain Research.
154. Lewis, J. E. (2005). Congressional testimony. Federal Bureau of Investigation, May 18, 2005. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from.
155. Liepert, J., H. Bauder, W. H. R. Miltner, E. Taub, and C. Weiller (2000). Treatmentinduced cortical reorganization after stroke in humans. Stroke 31: 1210-1216.
156. Linker, D. (2001). Rights for rodents. Commentary 4: 41-44.
157. Lister, S. (2002). Animal rights bomb maker jailed for attack on lab and abattoir. The Times December 13, 2002. Retrieved November 14, 2008, from.
158. Liu, C. N. and W. W. Chambers (1958). Intraspinal sprouting of dorsal root axons. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 79: 46-61.
159. Lovejoy, A. O. (1936). The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History of an Idea. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
160. Lutherer, L. O. and M. S. Simon (1992). Targeted: The Anatomy of an Animal Rights Attack. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma.
161. Madan, V., F. X. Brennan, G. L. Mann, A. A. Horbal, G. A. Dunn, R. J. Ross, and A. R. Morrison (2008). Long-term effect of cued fear conditioning on REM sleep microarchitecture in rats. Sleep 31: 498-503.
162. Maehle, A.-H. and Tröhler, U. (1990). Animal experimentation from antiquity to the end of the eighteenth century: Attitudes and arguments. In Rupke, N. A., ed. Vivisection in Historical Perspective London: Routledge, pp. 14-47.
163. Magel, C. R. (1989). Keyguide to Information Sources in Animal Rights. London:McFarland.
164. Marks, J. (1994). Book review: The Great Ape Project: Equality Beyond Humanity, P. Cavalieri and P. Singer, St. Martin's Press: New York, 1993. Human Biology 66: 1113-1117.
165. Martin, J. E. (1984). A Legacy and A Promise: The First One Hundred Years, 1884-1984. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
166. Matta, J. A., P. M. Cornett, R. L. Miyares, K. Abe, N. Sahibzada, and G. P. Ahern (2008). General anesthetics activate a nociceptive ion channel to enhance pain and inflammation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 8784-8789.
167. McCabe, K. (1986). Who will live? Who will die? The Washingtonian August: 112-116, 118, 153-157.
168. McCaghy, C. H. and A. G. Neal (1974). The fraternity of cockfighters: Ethical embellishments of an illegal sport. Journal of Popular Culture 8: 557-569.
169. McCormick, B. (1991). AMA challenges "physician" group. American Medical News June 17, 1991: 25-26.
170. McInerney, J. D., A. R. Morrison, and J. R. Schrock (2004). Reaction to "How we treat our relatives". The American Biology Teacher 66(4): 253-254.
171. McIntosh, T., M. Juhler, and T. Wieloch (1998). Novel pharmacologic strategies in the treatment of experimental traumatic brain injury: 1998. Journal of Trauma 15: 731-769.
172. Meagher, M. A. (2001). Clinical implications of animal pain research. In Carroll, M. E. and J. B. Overmier, eds. Animal Research and Human Health: Advancing Human Welfare through Behavioral Science. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 227-243.
173. Medawar, P. (1996). The Strange Case of the Spotted Mice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
174. Mencken, H. L. (1982). A Mencken Chrystomathy. New York: Vintage Books.
175. Merker, B. (2007). Consciousness without a cerebral cortex: A challenge for neuroscience (with commentaries). Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30: 61-134.
176. Midgley, M. (1983). Animals and Why They Matter. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
177. Miller, G. (2007). Science and the public: Animal extremists get personal. Science 318:1856-1858.
178. Miller, J. (2006). Personal communication.
179. Miller, N. E. (1985a). Prologue. In Zimbardo, P. G., ed. Psychology and Life, 11th ed. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman, pp. i-vii.
180. Miller, N. E. (1985b). The value of behavioral research on animals. American Psychologist 40: 423-440.
181. Moelis, H. (2008). Long term care. Blood Horse.Com Blogs July 22, 2008. Retrieved September 29, 2008, from.
182. Morrison, A. R. (1983). A window on the sleeping brain. Scientific American 248: 94-102.
183. Morrison, A. R. (1992). Speciesism: A perversion of biology, not a principle. The American Biology Teacher 54(3): 134-136.
184. Morrison, A. R. (1993a). Animals' dreams. In Carskadon, M., ed. Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreaming. New York: MacMillan, pp. 37-38.
185. Morrison, A. R. (1993b). Biomedical research & the animal rights movement: a contrast in values. The American Biology Teacher 55: 204-208.
186. Morrison, A. R. (1994). Understanding (and misunderstanding) the animal rights movement in the United States. In DeDeyn, J. P., ed. The Ethics of Animal and Human Experimentation. London: John Libbey.
187. Morrison, A. R. (1999a). A scientist at work. The American Biology Teacher 61: 496-502.
188. Morrison, A. R. (1999b). Caring about animals and creativity: Pogo revisited. Lab Animal 28: 34-37.
189. Morrison, A. R. (1999c). Choosing to favor animals. Review of The Human Use of Animals, Case Studies in Ethical Choices, by F. B. Orlans, T. L. Beauchamp, R. Dresser, D. B. Morton, J. P. Gluck (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1998). Science 283: 181.
190. Morrison, A. R. (2001a). Making choices in the laboratory. In Paul, E. F. and J. Paul, eds. Why Animal Experimentation Matters: The Use of Animals in Medical Research. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press, pp. 49-70.
191. Morrison, A. R. (2001b). Personal reflections on the "animal-rights" phenomenon. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 44(1): 62-75.
192. Morrison, A. R. (2002). Perverting medical history in the service of "animal rights". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 45(4): 606-619.
193. Morrison, A. R. (2006). Thinking about animals: A personal odyssey. SCAW Newsletter 28(3): 6-13.
194. Morrison, A. R. (2009). Ethics, modernity and human-animal relationships. In Ciprut, J., ed. Ethics, Policy and Democracy: From Primordial Principles to Prospective Practices. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, pp. 83-102.
195. Morrison, A. R. and J. Botting (1997). Confusion in the ranks. The American Biology Teacher 59(7): 388.
196. Morrison, A. R. and R. M. Bowker (1975). The biological significance of PGO spikes in the sleeping cat. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 35: 821-840.
197. Morrison, A. R., H. L. Evans, N. A. Ator, and R. K. Nakamura, eds. (2002). Methods and Welfare Considerations in Behavioral Research with Animals: Report of a National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Mental Health) Workshop. NIH Publication 02-5083, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
198. Morrison, A. R. and P. J. Hand (1982). Animal welfare. Science 215: 745-746.
199. Mowrer, O. H. and W. M. Mowrer (1938). Enuresis-a method for its study and treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 8: 436-459.
200. National Animal Interest Alliance (2008). Rodeo group earns 2003 equine welfare award. Retrieved January 23, 2008, from.
201. National Association for Biomedical Research (1991). Supreme Court sends latest "Silver Spring Monkey" appeal back to Louisiana State Court. NABR Update 12(13).
202. National Association for Biomedical Research (1994). Animal activist groups fail (again) to gain U.S. Supreme Court attention for primate case. NABR Update 15(26).
203. National Institutes of Health, Office of Protection from Research Risks (1985). Evaluation of Experimental Procedures Conducted at the University of Pennsylvania Experimental Head Injury Laboratory 1981-1984 in Light of the Public Health Service Animal Welfare Policy. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.
204. National Institutes of Health, Office for Protection from Research Risks (1990). Report on Investigations of Allegations of Noncompliance with Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Animals at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, March 16, 1990. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.
205. Nelson, R. J. and T. D. Mandrell (2005). Enrichment and nonhuman primates: "First do no harm". Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources Journal 46: 171-177.
206. Nicoll, C. S. and S. M. Russell (1992). Animal rights, animal research, and human obligations. Molecular Cellular Neuroscience 3: 271-277.
207. Nicoll, C. S. and S. M. Russell (1994). Animal rights movement evokes concern. The American Biology Teacher 56(2): 70-71.
208. Nolen, R. S. (2006). Congress holds hearings on horse slaughter ban. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 229: 636, 638.
209. Norwood, B. (2007). Animal welfare survey provides important lessons. FBNews 86(22):4.
210. Nuland, S. B. (1988). Doctors-The Biography of Medicine. New York: Vintage Books, Random House.
211. O'Driscoll, S. (1832). Dennis Ready: A tale of the Kingdom of Kerry. Atkinson's Casket 7(10): 440-443.
212. O'Hara, M. (1941). My Friend Flicka. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
213. Orlans, B. F. (1982). Animal welfare. Science 215: 746.
214. Orlans, B. F. (1991). The case against dissection. Science Teacher 58: 12-14.
215. Orlans, B. F. (1993). In the Name of Science: Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
216. Ozoga, J. (1995). Whitetail Winter. Minocqua, WI: Willow Creek Press.
217. Paddock, R. C. and M. L. LaGanga (2008). Officials decry attacks on UC staff; one of two weekend firebombings in Santa Cruz caused a scientist and his family to flee through a window. Los Angeles Times August 5, 2008: B1.
218. Parsell, D. P. (1989). The animal rights movement: It's closed down and stalled research projects, putting scientists on the offensive. NIDA Notes Spring/Summer.
219. Paton, W. (1993). Man and Mouse: Animals in Medical Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
220. Patronek, G. J. (1999). Hoarding of animals: An under-recognized public health problem in a difficult-to-study population. Public Health Reports 114: 81-87.
221. Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned Reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.
222. Pawlyk, A. C., S. K. Jha, F. X. Brennan, A. R. Morrison, and R. J. Ross (2005). A rodent model of sleep disturbances in the anxiety disorders: The role of context following fear conditioning. Biological Psychiatry 57: 268-277.
223. Pence, G. E. (1990). Classic Cases in Medical Ethics: Accounts of the Cases that Have Shaped Medical Ethics, with Philosophical, Legal and Historical Backgrounds. New York:McGraw-Hill.
224. Petrinovich, L. (1999). Darwinian Dominion: Animal Welfare and Human Interests. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
225. Pinker, S. (2002). The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. New York:Viking Press.
226. Pinker, S. (2005). The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. New York:Harper Collins.
227. Pluhar, E. S. (1995). Beyond Prejudice: The Moral Significance of Human and Nonhuman Animals. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995.
228. Pollan, M. (2006). The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York:Penguin Press.
229. Pons, T. P., P. E. Garraghty, A. K. Ommaya, J. H. Kaas, E. Taub, and M. Mishkin (1991). Massive cortical reorganization after sensory deafferentation in adult macaques. Science 252: 1857-1860.
230. Posewitz, J. (1994). Beyond Fair Chase. Helena, MT: Falcon Press.
231. Potter, V. (1970). Bioethics, the science of survival. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 14(1): 127-153.
232. Povinelli, D. and J. Vonk (2006). We don't need a microscope to explore the chimpanzee mind. In Hurley, S. and M. Nudds, eds. Rational Animals? Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 285-412.
233. Preece, R. (2005). Brute Souls, Happy Beasts and Evolution: The Historical Status of Animals. Vancouver: UBC Press.
234. Preece, R. and D. Fraser (2000). The status of animals in biblical and Christian thought: A study in colliding values. Society & Animals 8: 245-263.
235. Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (2008). Animal welfare: The care and treatment of professional rodeo livestock. Retrieved September 29, 2008, from.
236. Ra'anan, A. W. (2005). The evolving role of animal laboratories in physiology instruc-tion. Advances in Physiology Education 29(3): 144-150.
237. Rachels, J. (1991). Created from Animals: The Moral Implications of Darwinism. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
238. Ramony Cajal, S. (1959). Degeneration and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System. Translated by R. M. May. Vol. 2. New York: Hafner.
239. Ratner, S. C. (1967). Comparative aspects of hypnosis. In Gordon, J. E., ed. Handbook of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. New York: MacMillan, pp. 550-587.
240. Regan, T. (1983). The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley, CA: The University of California.
241. Regan, T. (2001). Defending animal rights from a "defender". The News and Observer (Raleigh, NC) April 3, 2001: A11.
242. Regan, T. and G. Francione (1996). The animal rights movement must reject animal welfarism. In Harnack, A., ed. Animal Rights: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA:Greenhaven Press, pp. 194-201.
243. Reines, B. (1985a). Heart Research on Animals: A Critique of Animal Models of Cardiovascular Disease. Jenkintown, PA: The American anti-vivisection Society.
244. Reines, B. (1985b). The Truth Behind the Discovery of Insulin. Jenkintown, PA: American anti-vivisection Society. Report of the School of Arts and Sciences Committee on Academic Freedom and Responsibility: Cancellation of the Course on "Animal Welfare and Human Intervention", College of General Studies, University of Pennsylvania, April 30, 1990.
245. Reynnells, R. D. and B. R. Eastwood. Animal Welfare Issues Compendium. Washington, D.C. Available at.
246. Ritvo, H. (1987). The Animal Estate: The English and Other Creatures in the Victorian Era. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
247. Rogers, L. J. and G. Kaplan (2006). Think or be damned: The problematic case of higher cognition in animals and legislation for animal welfare. Animal Law 12: 151-191.
248. Rollin, B. E. (1996). The case against animal research in psychology. In Harnack, A., ed. Animal Research: Opposing Viewpoints. 98-104. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.
249. Rollin, B. E. (2006). Animal Rights & Human Morality, 3rd ed. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
250. Rosenberger, J. (1990). Animal rites. The Village Voice March 6, 1990: 30-39.
251. Ruckebusch, Y. (1971). Comparative aspects of sleep and wakefulness in farm animals. In Chase, M. H., ed. The Sleeping Brain. Los Angeles: UCLA Brain Information Service, pp. 23-28.
252. Rucker, P. (2008). Med school is asked to stop animal use. Washington Post, July 2, 2008:B01.
253. Russell, S. M. and C. S. Nicoll (1996a). A dissection of the chapter "Tools for Research" in Peter Singer's Animal Liberation. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 211: 109-138.
254. Russell, S. M. and C. S. Nicoll (1996b). Reply to Singer's "Blind Hostility". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 211: 147-164.
255. Russell, W. M. S. and R. L. Burch (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. London: Metheun.
256. Russon, A. E. and K. A. Bard (1996). Exploring the minds of the Great Apes: Issues and controversies. In Russon, A. E., K. A. Bard, and S. T. Parker, eds. Reaching into Thought:The Minds of the Great Apes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-20.
257. Russow, L.-M. (1995). Am I my cousin's keeper? Review of The Great Ape Project, Cavalieri, P. and Singer, P. (Eds). The Hastings Center Report 25: 49.
258. Salsburg, D. (1997). Animal experimentation debate, round two. Scientific American June:10.
259. Sanford, L. D., A. R. Morrison, W. A. Ball, R. J. Ross, and G. L. Mann (1993). The amplitude of elicited PGO waves: A correlate of orienting. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 86: 438-445.
260. Schenck, C. H. (1993). REM sleep behavior disorder. In Carskadon, M. A., ed. Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreaming, New York: MacMillan, pp. 499-505.
261. Schenck, C. H., S. R. Bundlie, M. G. Ettinger, and M. W. Mahowald (1986). Chronic behavioral disorders of human REM sleep: A new category of parasomnia. Sleep 9: 293-308.
262. Schreiner, D. A. and P. L. Ruegg (2002). Effects of tail docking on milk quality and cow cleanliness. Journal of Dairy Science 85: 2503-2511.
263. Schrock, J. R. (2005). How do you make dissection exciting? ["Ask an Expert" Column]. National Association of Biology Teachers Newsletter January, 1, 2005: 10.
264. Schumacher, M. (1996). Fur is natural and environmentally sound. National Animal Interest Alliance News March-April: 14.
265. Searle, J. R. (1984). Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind. New York:Cambridge University Press.
266. Seidner, G. A., Y. Ye, M. M. Faraday, W. G. Alvord, and M. E. Fortini (2006). Modeling clinically heterogeneous presenilin mutations with transgenic Drosophila. Current Biology 16: 1026-1033.
267. Serpell, J. (1986). In the Company of Animals. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
268. Seton, E. T. (1907). The Natural History of the Ten Commandments. New York:Scribners.
269. Siegel, J. M., R. Moore, T. Thannickal, and B. S. Nienhuis (2001). A brief history of hypocretin/orexin and narcolepsy. Neuropsychopharmacology 25: S14-S20.
270. Singer, P. (1973). Animal liberation. The New York Review of Books, April 5, 1973: 11-21.
271. Singer, P. (1975). Animal Liberation: A New Ethic for our Treatment of Animals, 1st ed. New York: The New York Review/Random House.
272. Singer, P. (1990). Animal Liberation, 2nd ed. New York: Random House.
273. Singer, P. (1994a). License to kill. Nature 367: 523-524.
274. Singer, P. (1994b). Rethinking Life and Death: The Collapse of our Traditional Ethics. New York: St. Martin's.
275. Singer, P. (1996). Blind hostility: A response to Russell and Nicoll. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 211: 139-146.
276. Singer, P. (2001). Heavy petting. Nerve.com. Retrieved August 13, 2008, from.
277. Singer, W. (1977). Control of thalamic transmission by corticofugal and ascending reticular pathways in the visual system. Physiological Reviews 57: 386-420.
278. Singer, W. and Drager, U. (1972). Postsynaptic potentials in relay neurons of cat lateral geniculate nucleus after stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation. Brain Research 41: 214-220.
279. Skinner, B. F. (1938). The Behavior of Organisms. New York: Appleton-Century.
280. Sly, W. S. (2004). Enzyme replacement therapy for lysosomal storage disorders:Successful transition from concept to clinical practice. Missouri Medicine 101: 100-104.
281. Smith, W. J. (2006). Singer: Grant right to life for animals but not babies. Secondhand Smoke: Your 24/7 Bioethics Seminar May 26, 2006. Retrieved September 29, 2008, from.
282. Smith, W. J. (2008). Spain apes the Declaration of Independence. The Weekly Standard 13(42): 15-17.
283. Sorabji, R (1993). Animal Minds & Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
284. Stadtfield, C. (1975). Whitetail Deer. New York: Dial Press.
285. Steele, J. H. (2000). The history of public health and veterinary public service. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 217: 1813-1831.
286. Stell, L. K. (1995). The blessings of injustice: Animals and the right to accept medical treatment. Between the Species 11: 42-53.
287. Stell, L. K. (2005). Personal communication.
288. Stephen, L. (1885). Life of Henry Fawcett. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
289. Storm, J. (1995). Among Vietnam's victims: Edison High's class of '65. The Philadelphia Inquirer December 17, 1995: G1, 12.
290. Strand, R. and P. Strand (1993). The Hijacking of the Humane Movement. Wilsonville, OR:Doral Publishing.
291. Sweeney, C. R., J. C. Hendricks, J. Beech, and A. R. Morrison (1983). Narcolepsy in a horse: Case report and review. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 183: 126-128.
292. Tannenbaum, J. (1995). Veterinary Ethics: Animal Welfare, Client Relations, Competition, and Collegiality. St. Louis: Mosby.
293. Tannenbaum, J. (2000a). Animal rights and animal research. In Kraus, A. L. and D. Rehnquist, eds. Bioethics and the Use of Laboratory Animals. Dubuque, IA: American College of Laboratory Medicine, pp. 1-46.
294. Tannenbaum, J. (2000b). The paradigm shift toward animal happiness: What it is, why it is happening, and what it means for medical research. In Paul, E. F. and J. Paul eds., Why Animal Experimentation Matters: The Use of Animals in Medical Research. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Press.
295. Tannenbaum, J. (2006). Personal communication.
296. Taub, E. (1980). Somatosensory deafferentation research with monkeys: Implications for rehabilitation medicine. In Ince, L. P., ed. Behavioral Psychology in Rehabilitation Medicine: Clinical Applications. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, pp. 371-401.
297. Taub, E. (1991). The Silver Spring monkey incident: The untold story. Coalition for Animals & Animal Research Newsletter 4(1): 1-8.
298. Taub, E. (2008). Personal communication.
299. Taub, E., J. E. Crago, L. D. Burgio, T. E. Groomes, E. W. Cook III, S. C. DeLuca, and N. E. Miller (1994). An operant approach to rehabilitation medicine overcoming learned nonuse by shaping. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 61: 281-293.
300. Taub, E., J. E. Crago, and G. Uswatte (1998). Constraint-induced movement therapy: A new approach to treatment in physical rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology 43: 152-170.
301. Taub, E., N. E. Miller, T. A. Novack, E. W. Cook III, W. C. Fleming, C. S. Nepomuceno, J. S. Connell, and J. E. Crago (1993). Technique to improve chronic motor deficit after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 74: 347-354.
302. Taussig, H. B. (1981). Personal memories of surgery of tetralogy. In Snellen, H. A., A. J. Dunning, and A. C. Arntzenius, eds. History and Perspectives of Cardiology, Catheterization, Angiography, Surgery and Concepts of Circular Control. The Hague, Boston, London: Leiden University Press, pp. 159-163.
303. Terrace, H. S., L. A. Petitto, R. J. Saunders, and T. G. Bever (1979). Can an ape create a sentence? Science 206: 891-902.
304. Texley, J. (1992). Doing without dissection. The American School Board Journal 179 (January): 24-26.
305. Thomas, E. M. (1993). The Hidden Life of Dogs. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
306. Thomas, L. (1974). Commentary: The future impact of science and technology on medicine. BioScience 24(2): 99-105.
307. Thompson, P. B. (2004). Getting pragmatic about farm animal welfare. In McKenna, E. and A. Light, eds. Animal Pragmatism: Rethinking Human-Nonhuman Relationships. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, pp. 140-159.
308. Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals. Psychological Reviews Monograph 8 (Suppl. 2).
309. Tinbergen, N. (1971). The Herring Gull's World. New York: Basic Books.
310. Tomlinson, H. Huntigdon delays listing after attacks. The Guardian September 8, 2005. Retrieved December 12, 2007, from.
311. Torg, J. S. (1984). Penn work was vital. The Philadelphia Inquirer June 8, 1984: A21.
312. Trotter, A. (1992). Animal rights groups target high school dissection. The American School Board Journal January: 21-22.
313. Turner, J. (1980). Reckoning with the Beast: Animals, Pain and Humanity in the Victorian Mind. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
314. United Egg Producers (2008). United Egg Producers Animal Husbandry Guidelines for U.S. Egg-Laying Flocks. Retrieved September 29, 2008, from.
315. Valenstein, E. S. (2005). The War of the Soups and the Sparks: The Discovery of Neurotransmitters and the Dispute over How Nerves Communicate. New York: Columbia University Press.
316. Vallortigara, G., A. Snyder, G. Kaplan, P. Bateson, N. S. Clayton, and L. J. Rogers (2008). Are animals autistic savants? PLos Biology 6(2): e42.
317. van der Staay, F. J. (2006). Animal models of behavioral dysfunctions: Basic concepts and classifications, and an evaluation strategy. Brain Research Reviews 52(1): 131-159.
318. van Gijn, I. (2001). Camillo Golgi (1843-1926). Journal of Neurology 248: 541-542.
319. Vance, R. P. (1992). An introduction to the philosophical presuppositions of the animal liberation/rights movement. Journal of the American Medical Association 268: 1715-1719.
320. VandeBerg, J. L., S. M. Zola, J. Fritz, R. Lee, T. J. Rowell, and W. C. Sutterfield (2005). A unique biomedical resource at risk. Nature 437 (September 1): 30-32.
321. Venant, E. and D. Treadwell (1990). Biting back: Animal researchers, industries go on the offensive against increasingly militant activists. Los Angeles Times April 12, 1990: E1, 12, 13.
322. Verhetsel, E. (1986). They Threaten Your Health: A Critique of the Anti-Vivisection/Animal Rights Movement. Tucson: Nutrition Information Centre.
323. Vlasak, J. (2004). Dr. Jerry Vlasak replies to media libel. SPEAK July 24, 2004. Retrieved October 10, 2008, from.
324. Webster, J. (1994) Animal Welfare: A Cool Eye Towards Eden. Oxford: Blackwell.
325. Wertenbaker, L. (1980). To Mend the Heart. New York: Viking Press.
326. White, R. J. (1995). Superman's plight and animal paladins. Washington Times August 6, 1995: B4.
327. Wickler, W. (1972). The Biology of the Ten Commandments. New York: McGraw-Hill.
328. Wiebers, D. O., H. P. Adams, and J. P. Whisnant (1990). Animal models of stroke: Are they relevant to human disease? Stroke 21: 1-3.
329. Williams, B. (2006). Philosophy as a Humanistic Discipline. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
330. Wolfle, T. and J. C. Liebeskind (1983). Stimulation-produced analgesia. In Kitchell, R. L., H. H. Erickson, E. Carstens, and L. E. Davis, eds. Animal Pain: Perception and Alleviation. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, pp. 107-115.
331. Worden, A. (2007). Critics still take aim at PA pigeon shoots. The Philadelphia Inquirer December 5, 2007: A1, 18.
332. Wynne, C. D. L. (2004). Do Animals Think? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
333. Yerkes, R. and A. W. Yerkes (1929). The Great Apes: A Study of Anthropoid Life. New Haven: Yale University Press.
334. Young, W. (1996). Spinal cord regeneration. Science 273: 451.
335. Zawistowski, S. (2008). Companion Animals in Society. Clifton Park, NY: Thompson Delmar Learning.
336. Zoccola, P. M., S. S. Dickerson, and F. P. Zaldivar (2008). Rumination and cortisol responses to laboratory stressors. Psychosomatic Medicine 70: 661-667.